Inerts - fikradaha guud, Guryaha iyo Codsiyada

gaasas Inert waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaannaa sharaf leh, mashquulin koox hoosaadka ugu weyn ee group siddeedaad nidaamka wareegsan. Oo kuwaas waxaa lix oo kaliya waa: helium (Wuxuu), iyakana (Ne), argon (Ar), xenon (Xe), iyo radon (RN). Si loo fahmo dabeecadda, marka hore ka fiirso fikirka ah tiiro. Inertness - hadal daciif ah ama la'aanta awood u leh inay ka fal waxyaabaha kale ee kiimikada. Keeni reaction kiimikada si ay u sameeyaan links cusub ee qalabkan waa mid aan suurta galayn.

Iyadoo la raacayo, gaaska ah inert - waa gaaska dhif ah oo sharaf leh monatomic isagoo tiiro sare, taas oo ay sabab u tahay energetically deggan dibadda heerka electron qolof la eb ee. Tusaale ahaan, helium in qolof this amro laba electrons iyo gaasaska kale oo sharaf leh - siddeed. Tani waxay fasireysaa guryaha jireed iyo kiimikada. All gaasas inert hoos gaasas xaaladaha caadiga ah waa midab, ur iyo liidata L. biyo. Waxay kul kulul iyo dhibcood barafku waa sii korodhay sida uu kordhiyo size of atamka ka.

Ilaa 1962, saynisyahano ahaayeen kalsooni ku qaba in oo dhan gaasas sharaf si buuxda inert. Laakiin farmashiyaha Canadian N. Bartlett xaqiijin karin haddii kale, helaya xarunta koowaad kiimikada ee xenon, wax-u xenon a geksaftoroplatinat. Xarunta Tani waa orange adag la a daaqaddii crystal. Ka dibna tiro ka mid ah xeryahooda ayaa si weyn u balaariyay.

The baahsanaanta iyo waxbarashada ee dabiiciga ah

In caalamka ee helium gaaska sharaf leh waa kuwa ugu badan, iyo in xaaladaha jidhadhka dhulka - argon (by mugga waxaa degan 0,934%). In aad u yar gaasas inert helay dhagaxyada iyo gaasaska dabiiciga ah alaabta guban, iyo qaab kala diri waxaa laga heli karaa saliid iyo biyo.

In xaaladaha dabiiciga ah, gaasas sharaf leh laga yaabo oo sabab u ah falcelin nuclear kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, halka uu radon jira daawooyin uranium shucaaca. Qaar ka mid ah kiimikooyinka, kuwaas oo uu leeyahay asalka COSMOGENIC.

All gaasas inert Rawdon ka sokow, waxay leeyihiin tiro ka mid ah isotopes.

Kaydka of gaasas, kuwaas oo aan la dhimay. Waxa uu si tartiib tartiib ah oo keliya, si tartiib ah ayuuna wixiisii meel interstellar.

codsiga

gaasas Inert hubkaas ayaa loo isticmaalaa in injineernimada korontada. Argon, in view of the jimicsi la'aan conductivity kaamerada yar yahay, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in isku dar ah oo leh nitrogen buuxiyo laambadihii korontada. Argon iyo tube for commercials iftiin iyakana-ka buuxsamay, oo waxay iska Ifto buluug, iyo iyakana - orange-cas.

Argon kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa in shaybaarada kiimikada. In warshadaha, ayaa codsiga daaweynta kulaylka biraha laga helay si fudud oxidizable. argon wuxuu bixiyaa jawi ilaaliya, taas oo si ay u qabtaan alxanka ama jarida dhif iyo non-ferrous tungsten dikhaw biraha, titanium, zirconium. Si loo xakameeyo nidaamka hawo isticmaalo isotopes radioactive ee argon.

Krypton iyo xenon leeyihiin conductivity ah weli wuu ka hooseeyaa kaamerada badan Argon, sidaas buuxiyey laambadihii raagaya iyo dhaqaale badan kuwa la nitrogen ama argon ka buuxsamay.

Kala duwan ka neefsato isku dar ah ee helium iyo oxygen, taas oo si weyn u dheerayn kartaa mudada ay joogaan biyaha hoostooda iyo xuub-yaraynaysaa saamaynta daran ay keento isbeddel ah ee cadaadiska lagu jiro jiirtii in ay dusha sare.

helium Liquid waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida refrigerant ee waxbarashada kala duwan, tan iyo heerkulka gaaska waa karkaraya -268,9 ° C.

hantida tiiro of helium buuxda loo isticmaalo alxanka in ay jawiga, wax soo saarka ee Biraha-khayroon daahirnimo sare, chromatography. Oo waxaa suurto gal ah in la abuuro qalabka dillaac permeability sare ee hay'adaha cadaadiska hoose iyo kuwiinna sare.