Formation, Story
Taangiyada Jarmal "Tiger": sifooyinka farsamo oo ka mid ah imtixaanada qalab, model, sawir, dab. Sida hub Soviet wareemay ee taangiga T-6 Jarmal "Tiger"?
farsamada, taas oo uu ka qeyb galay dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka labada dhinac ee hore, mararka qaarkood ka badan la garan karo iyo "qaadanin" ka badan xitaa ka qaybgalayaashu ay. kiiska A naggadi oo waa PCA qoriga caroortay iyo taangiyada Jarmal "Tiger". Ay "caan" on hore bariga ahaa sida in kasta taangiga labaad ee cadowga ciidamada arkeen T-6.
Sida ay kulligood waxay bilaabeen?
In caddaalad, waxaan la soco in shaqada on mashruuca weli ku jiray 1937, laakiin kaliya in looga baahan yahay 40 ee ciidamada qaaday qaab more la taaban karo. On mashruuca ee taangiga culus shaqeeyeen shaqaalaha laba shirkadood: Henschel iyo Porsche. Ferdinand Porsche ahayd jecel yahay ka mid ah Hitler, oo sidaas daraaddeed dhigay mid qalad nasiib darro, aad bay u deg degi ... Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani weli aan ka hadlo.
The prototypes ugu horeysay
Horeba 1941 shirkadaha Wehrmacht bixiyeen "in dadweynaha" laba prototypes: VK 3001 (H) iyo VK 3001 (P). Laakiin bishii May ee sannadkan in, ciidamada bixiyey shuruudaha updated ah taangiyada culus, taasoo keentay in mashaariicda lahaa in si dhab ah dib.
Waxaa markaas ahaa in dukumentiyada first on sheyga VK 4501, taas oo raad isirka ay taangiga culus Jarmal "Tiger". tartamaya ayaa loo baahan yahay si ay u siiyaan tusaalooyinka ugu horeysay by May-June 1942. Tirada shuqullada ayaa catastrophically sare, tan iyo markii labada dhufto ee Jarmalka ayaa dhab ahaan dib-u-qaabaynta. In guga ee 1942 labada prototypes, qalabaysan munaaradaha Friedrich Krupp AG, ayaa keenay in ay "Wolf ayaa Godku" si ay u muujiyaan technology cusub ee dhalashada Fuhrer ee.
guusha tartanka
Waxaa soo baxay in labada baabuur waa cillado muhiim ah. Tusaale ahaan, Porsche waa sidaas "kaxaystay" fikradda ah abuurista ah taangiga "korontada" in ay noocooda, isagoo aad u culus, si dhib leh u noqon karaan 90 °. Waxaan Henschel sidoo kale ahaa oo dhan xaq uma: uu taangiga dhib weyn ayaa laga soo kala firdhiyey laga yaabaa in loo baahan yahay 45 km / h, laakiin ay engine ayaa dherga si ay jirto halis dhab ah dabka. Laakiin waxaan weli ku guuleystay taangiga this.
About soo dhaqso raadadkii
Waa in la ogaadaa in Porsche laftiisa ka hor bilowga imtixaanka ahaa si loo hubiyo in uu guul in uu amar ku bixiyay si ay u bilaabaan wax soo saarka iyada oo sugaya natiijada aqbalo. By guga ee 1942 ee siminaaro geedka waxa uu hore u taagnaa sax ah 90 jiifku ay diyaar-dhigay. Ka dib markii la taago baahida loo qabo in xal u imtixaanada, waxa la sameeyo iyaga la. dhalidda ayaa laga helay - jiifku ay xoog badan waxaa loo isticmaalay si loo abuuro taladadii ka "Ferdinand."
qori is-baasuukayaal, kanu wuxuu ahaa oo aan ka yarayn caan ka badan haddii aanu u ekaysiinnaa la T-6 ah. "Foodda" bahal this kama ay jebin ku dhowaad waxba, kala duwan oo xitaa dhibic-bannaan oo meel fog ka mid ah oo kaliya 400-500 mitir. Ma aha la yaab leh, "Fyodor" shaqaalaha taangiga Soviet bayaan laga cabsado oo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lugta ah isku mid ma ahayn iyaga la, "Ferdinand" ma lahayn dabcan qori, laakiin maxaa yeelay, dad badan oo ka mid ah 90 baabuur waxaa lagu halligay miino magnetic oo lagu eedeeyay anti-taangi, "si taxadar leh" jiifay xaq u hoos tareenka.
wax soo saarka Serial iyo dib uhabaynta
Dhammaadkii bishii Agoosto ee isla sannadkaas taangiga galay wax soo saarka. Qaab daran, laakiin in muddo ah ka mid ah baaritaanka degdegga ah ee technology cusub. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay soo bandhigay muunad ah Hitler uu hore u lahaa time si ay u tagaan oo ku saabsan waddooyinka ee geesoolayaashu 960 km. Waxa la ogaaday in mashiinka dhul xunxunna waa la degdegsiimada ayaa laga yaabaa in ay 18 km / h, iyo wixii shidaal ku gubteen in 430 litir 100 km. Sidaas taangiga a Jarmal "Tiger", taas oo ah dabeecad u ah maqaalka, sababta oo ah extravagance keenay wax badan oo dhibaato ah adeegyada siin.
Warshadaha iyo design horumar ayaa galay hal xidhmo. xubno badan oo dibadda ah ayaa la bedelay, oo ay ku jiraan sanduuqyada iyo dayactir. Markaas, on wareega munaaradda bilaabeen inay dhigay hoobiye yar si gaar ah loogu talagalay bamka qiiqa iyo miinooyinka nooca "S". Arintaan ayaa waxaa loogu tala galay in lagu baabbi'iyo lugta cadowga iyo uu ahaa mid aad uga hornimaadno: laga jirridda sii daayay, ayay waxay afuufeen at sare hooseeyo, thickly dhacaya meel hurda agagaarka hanta leh kubadaha biraha yar yar. Intaa waxaa dheer, gaar ahaan shareeraysaa mashiinka dagaalka qaar ka mid ah bam-qiiq NbK 39 (heerkiisa 90 mm) ayaa la siiyey.
Dhibaatooyinka la xiriira gaadiidka
Waxaa muhiim ah in la ogaado in ay taangiyada Jarmal "Tiger" noqday ciyaaryahankii ugu horeeyay ee taariikhda taangiga baabuurta waxaa lagu rakibay qalabka caadiga ah ee driving quuska. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah mass badan ee T-6, oo uma oggolaan in ay qaado on buundooyinka ugu. Taas oo kaliya ku dhaqanka, qalabka la ficil ahaan aan la isticmaalin.
Waxa kale oo xiiso leh in in mar laba nooc oo ah kuwan raadkaygay waxaa loogu talo galay mishiinka: cidhiidhsan 520 mm iyo 725 mm ballaaran. The ugu horeysay ee loo isticmaalo gaadiidka taangiyada ku dhufto ee tareenka caadiga ah iyo, haddii ay suuragal tahay - in ay u guuraan ay awood u gaar ah oo ku saabsan wadooyin laami ah. Nooca labaad waxa uu ahaa a diir dagaalka, waxaa la isticmaalaa xaaladaha kale oo dhan. Maxay ahayd qalabka "Tiger" taangiga Jarmal?
Features design
Qorshahaa waxa aad gaariga cusub wuxuu ahaa classic ah, iyadoo gadaal MTO. Waxaa degan hore oo dhan unit gacanta. Waana halka shaqooyinkii ayaa ku yaal operator darawalka iyo raadiyaha, oo isku mar u adeegay sidii fallaadh, maaraynta darandoorriga sarifka lacagaha qalaad.
Qaybta dhexe ee taangiga waxaa la hoos geliyo qol markabka. Rakibay on top of munaarad qori iyo darandoorriga, waxaa jiray Taliyaha hawl meeshaas, askari iyo preload. Sidoo kale ku yaaliin rasaas ee taangiga in qol dagaalka oo dhan.
hubka
qalab ugu weyn ee ahaa qoryaha KwK 36 aasto 88 mm. Waxaa loo sameeyay oo ku salaysan qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha caan "ACT-ACT" ee heer la mid ah, kuwaas oo in 1941 si kalsooni leh u dirtay dhammaan taangiyada Allied iyada oo ku dhowaad oo dhan masaafo. Gun dhererka foosto - 4928 mm, iyada oo la tixgelinayo kala jejebiyey xakame - 5316 mm. Taasi waxay ahayd qiimo leh ee la soo dhaafay ka heli injineerada Jarmal sida yaraynaysaa korontada soo noqoto si ay u heer la aqbali karo. hubka darran ahaa 7,92 mm darandoorriga MG-34.
Exchange darandoorriga, taas oo, sida aan ku sheegay, garoomada operator raadiyaha, waxaa kaalinta hore ee qol ah. Ogsoonow in, in qubbad Taliyaha ayaa, la siiyaa isticmaalka lifaaqa gaar ah meel laga yaabaa in mid ka mid MG-34/42, oo ay dhacdo in this loo isticmaalaa sida hubka lidka dayuuradaha. Waa in la ogaadaa in tallaabadan lagu qasbay ah oo inta badan loo isticmaalaa by Jarmalka ee Europe.
Guud ahaan, diyaaradda aan karin wax taangiga culus Jarmal. T-IV, «Tiger» - waxay ahaayeen ugaadha u fududahay diyaaradaha huwanta. Waxaan leenahay xaaladda ka mid ah uu ahaa arrin oo kala duwan, sababtoo ah ilaa 1944 USSR fudud ma lahayn stormtroopers ku filan si ay weeraro ba'an of injineernimada Jarmal.
Qoqobada munaarad qaadeen rotator ku Haydarooliga, kuwaas oo awood u ahaa 4 kw. Power waxa laga soo qaatay gear ah, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo qalabka gaar ah. hab ay ahayd mid aad u wax ku ool ah: at munaaraddii xawaaraha ugu sareeya isku bedbedeli doono 360 digrii in kaliya hal daqiiqo.
Haddii sabab uun engine ahaa Maansheeyay, laakiin waxaa loo baahan yahay inuu ka soo leexdo munaaraddii, booyadaha ku isticmaali kartaa qalab qoqobada buugan. Its khasaare, ka sokow naf dhibkeed sare on alaabtii, wuxuu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in wareeg ugu yar garkooda ee foosto ahaa wax aan macquul aheyn.
warshad koronto
MTO ku qoran sida geedka awood iyo awood shidaalka. Tani Jarmal taangiyada "Tiger" wanaagsan uga duwanaayeen mashiinada our in dukaamada shidaalka waxaa la geeyaa si toos ah in qol dagaalka. Intaa waxaa dheer, MTO ayaa kala dhigan kale xijaab adag in la yareeyo khatarta in markabka ee hit si toos ah qolka matoorka ah.
dhaqdhaqaaqa baabuurka jira laba motor ayey HL 210P30 650 hp ama ayey u HL 230P45 700 hp (kaas oo la dhigay min 251-th "Tiger"). Motors V-qaabeeya, afar-stroke, dhululubo 12. Ogow in taangiga "Panther" lahaa si sax ah engine isku, laakiin mid ka mid ah. engine qaboojiyey la laba meeldhexaadka ah dheecaan. Intaa waxaa dheer, labada dhinac ee engine ah qaar ka mid ah taageerayaasha si loo hagaajiyo nidaamka qaboojinta ayaa la aasaasay. Intaa waxaa dheer, manifolds gaar ah matoor hawada iyo qiiqa ayaa la siiyey.
Si ka duwan taangiyada hooyo loo isticmaali karo oo keliya buuxinta petrol-fasalka sare tirada falkaas ah ugu yaraan 74. taangiga Afar shidaalka qabanqaabiyaa MTO ku jaan 534 litir oo shidaal ah. Marka wadidda on adag waddooyinka wasakh per boqol oo kilomitir ayaa qaatay 270 litir oo shidaal, iyo isgoyska of heerka off-road isla markiiba kor u kacay in 480 litir.
Sayidka, sifooyinka farsamo ee taangiga "Tiger" (Jarmal) aan la malaysan dheer socod ay "ka madax bannaan". Haddii aad lahayd oo kaliya fursad ugu yar, Jarmalka isku dayeen in ay u dhaw in ay dagaalka tareenada isaga qaado. Sidaas waxaa soo baxay wax badan ka jaban.
sooc gariiradda
Dhinaca kastaaba wuxuu lahaa 24 giraangiraha wadada, taas oo keliya ma aha waxaa xeraba, laakiin taagnaa afar saf! On giraangiraha wadada loo isticmaalo Taayirada caag, oo dhinaca kale ah, waxay ahaayeen bir, laakiin la isticmaalayo nidaamka dheeraad ah oo qiimo dhaca gudaha. Ogsoonow in taangiga Jarmal T-6 "Tiger" lahaa khasaare ah oo aad u muhiim ah in aanay suurto gal ahayd in la baabi'iyo: Sababo la xamuulka aad u sarayso si dhakhso ah u soo xirtay faashado ee rollers.
From ku saabsan mishiinka 800aad at dhan garoonada bilaabay in ay ku riday band bir ah iyo cushioning gudaha. In si loo fududeeyo iyo in la yareeyo kharashka ku baxa dhismaha garoonada dibadda hal ayaa sidoo kale laga saaray mashruuca. By jidka, iyo sidoo kale kharashka guud ee taangiga Jarmal Wehrmacht "Tiger"? model bilowga muunad sanadkii 1943 lagu qiyaasay by ilo kala duwan, laga bilaabo 600 kun in 950 Reichsmarks tysyach.
Loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo isteerinka, sidii giraangir mooto, iyada oo isticmaalka drive Haydarooliga taangi ah oo miisaankeedu yahay 56 tan oo si fudud u maamushid walaaca hal gacan. Change marsho noqon kartaa farahaaga kaliya labo. By habka, PPC taangiga this ahaa kibirka sharciga ah ee samaynta: - (!) Joofane, afar geerka Weeraryahanka iyo laba ka hor.
ilaalinta hubka
Kiiska - sanduuq-qaabeeya, xubno ay u socdaan "in kororka" iyo welded ah. go'yaal hubka u soo giringiriyey, iyadoo lagu daro ee chromium iyo molybdenum, adkaynayo. taariikhyahanadu badan oo cambaarayn ah "sanduuqa-qaabeeya", "Tiger", laakiin, marka hore, hore u ma raqiis ah si mishiinka noqon kartaa ugu yaraan sida wax sahlan. Second, ka sii muhiimsan, ilaa 1944 dagaalka ma ahaa taangi Allied hal, taas oo ku dhuftey laga yaabaa T-6 ee odoroska kaliga. Waa hagaag, haddii aan in diirada.
Sidaas daraaddeed in Jarmal taangiga culus T-VI «Tiger" waqtiga abuurka ahaa mashiinka aad u ammaan ah. Dhab ahaantii, waayo, kanu wuxuu ahaa jeclaa iyo booyadaha Wehrmacht. By habka, hubka Soviet wareemay taangiga Jarmal "Tiger"? More hufan, waxa hubka?
Maxaa hub Soviet wareemay ah "Tiger"
hubka kaliga leeyahay oo dhumucdiisuna waxay a of 100 mm, dhinaca iyo feed - 82 mm. Qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu military waxay aaminsan yihiin in sababta oo ah noocyada "jartey" guryaha la "Tiger" si guul ah ay awoodaan in ay dagaalamaan our zis-3 heerkiisa 76 mm, laakiin waxaa jira subtleties qaar ka mid ah:
- First, adkaado foodda badan ama ka yar loo ballan qaaday oo kaliya 500 oo mitir, laakiin liita projectiles hubka u dusaya inta badan ma ka mudhbixin hubka tayo leh marka hore "Tigers", xitaa at kala duwan oo ku dhow.
- Second, ka sii muhiimsan, dagaalka waxa uu ahaa mid baahsan "polkovushka" heerkiisa 45 mm, taas oo ah in foodda T-6 ma qaadan at dhan. Xitaa haddii ay galaa dhinaca mudida la damaanad karaa haddii aysan mitirka 50, oo aan xaqiiqda ah.
- Cannon F-34 T-34-76 sidoo kale ma iftiimi, oo xataa isticmaalka "gariiradda" subcaliber xaaladda canaanto daciif ah. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in xataa qolofka dusaya qoriga this si ammaan ah saarnaa qaado "Tiger" oo kaliya 400-500 mitir. Ka dibna - haddii loo maleeyo in "ambadeen" ahaa tayo leh oo aan had iyo jeer.
- masaafo yar yar.
- Leedahay xagal fiican.
- qolof A tayo leh.
Sidaas daraaddeed ilaa badan ama ka yar muuqaalka mass ka mid ah T-34-85 ee 1944 iyo Ciidamada u damaysay qoryaha is-gano SU-85/100/122 iyo "ugaarsadaha" SU / ISU-152 "Tigers" col aad u khatar ah oo afar askari ah our.
Calaamadaha dagaal isticmaalka
Ku saabsan sida aadka loo arkaa Jarmal taangiga T-6 "Tiger" amarka Wehrmacht ah, ayaa sheegay in ugu yaraan xaqiiqada ah in ciidamada cusub unit taatikada waxaa si gaar ah u abuuray baabuurta kuwan - culus guuto taangiga. Haddaba waxay ahayd gaar ah, oo qayb ka taagan-oo keliya, xaq ah oo madax bannaan ficil. Waa maxay sifo oo ka mid ah 14 guuto hore abuuray hal dhaqmeen in Italy - mid ka mid ah Africa, iyo ka hartay 12 - in USSR. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa fikrad ah ferocity ee dagaalka on Front Bari.
Bishii Agoosto 1942, "Tigers" ayaa "ogol" by Mgoy meesha Arsenal our hoos u toogtay laba ilaa saddex ka qayb baabuurta imtixaanka (waxaa ku yiil lix), iyo in 1943 ciidamada ay awoodaan in ay qabsadaan T-6 ugu horeysay ee xaaladda ku dhawaad qumman yahay. Isla markiiba baaritaano dab lagu fuliyay taangiga Jarmal "Tiger", kaas oo siiyey natiijooyinka niyad: T-34 taangi oo leh farsamo dagaal cusub faashistihii siman ma kari dheer, oo xooggii Kan ugu caadiga ah 45-mm anti-taangiga guutada qori ma lahayn ku filan si ay jebiyaan oo hubka.
Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in kiiska ugu weyn ee la isticmaalayo "Tigers" ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ka dhacay inta lagu guda jiro Battle of Kursk. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in 285 gaari oo ah nooca waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa, laakiin dhab ahaan Wehrmacht ka dhigay 246 T-6.
In Europe, by waqtiga ay caga Allied waxaa joogay saddex guuto taangiga culus ku qalabeysan yahay 102 "Tiger". Waxaa xusid mudan in by March 1945 waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 185 taangiyada noocan ah ku biiro dunida. Wadar ah qiyaastii 1,200 unug ayaa la soo saaray. Maanta, waxaa jira mid ka mid ah jidka Jarmal taangiga "Tiger" oo adduunka ah. Photos of taangiga, taas oo waxa uu ku yaalaa at Aberdeen caddaynaya Ground, si joogto ah u muuqdaan in warbaahinta.
Maxaa la sameeyay "tigroboyazn"?
oolnimada sare ee taangiyada, kuwaas oo in badan sabab u maaraysay fiican iyo shaqaale shaqada raaxo leh. Ilaa 1944 dagaalka ma ahaa taangi Allied hal, taas oo yeelan doonta in la "Tiger" dagaalamaan wey siman. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah booyadaha our ayaa dhintay kadib markii ay gaariga ka dhacay Jarmalka kula fogaan ah 1.5-1.7 km. Marka T 6 dirtay tiro yar oo ah mid aad u dhif ah.
Dhimashada xiddiga Jarmalka Wittmann - tusaale ahaan. Isaga oo biririf taangiga iyada oo "Sherman" ayaa ugu dambeyntii ku dhameysatay off iyadoo masaafo shot bastoolad. Mid ka mid jilicsan "Tiger" lahaa 6-7 T-34 la gubo, iyo Americans la statistics ah taangiyada ay ahayd xitaa sadder. Dabcan, ee "afar iyo soddon" - mishiinka of class ah gebi ahaan kala duwan, laakiin in kiisaska intooda badan waxaa loo soo horjeeda by T-6 ah. Tani waxay mar kale Xaqiijiyay ka geesinimo iyo furitaankii ciidamada.
The darrada ugu weyn ee mishiinka
Faa'iida ugu weyn waa miisaanka sare iyo width, taas oo aan macquul aheyn inuu qaado taangiga dhufto ee tareenka caadiga ah iyada oo aan preconditioning. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in la barbardhigo ah ee hubka u angular "Tiger" iyo "Panther" la xagal qumman ee view, ku dhaqanka T-6 weli koox qad for taangiyada Soviet iyo kuwa huwantu kharash ku Boos ku ool ah. At T-5 waxaa si aad u wanaagsan ilaaliyo qiyaas aad kaliga, laakiin guddiga iyo cuntada waxay ahaayeen ku dhowaad dhashay.
Waa maxay ka xun, xataa xooggiisa labada matoorada uguma aysan filneyn inay ka guurto sida baabuur culus on dhul xunxunna. On the carradu kaneecada waxa kaliya Elm. Americans xitaa horumariyo xeeladaha dagaalka gaar ah "shabeelka": waxay ku qasban yihiin inay ku dhajisan guuto culus Jarmal ka mid ah qayb ku laayeen in kale, taasoo keentay in labo toddobaad, nus ka mid ah-T 6 (ugu yaraan) cadaato in la dayactiro.
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