Banii Catherine Weyn. The Board iyo nolosha gaarka ah ee Catherine Weyn

Ruush Empress Catherine II, sidoo kale loo yaqaan Great ah, waxaa boqor ka 1762, sanadka ah ee 1796-th. dadaal u gaar ah ayay si weyn balaariyay Empire Ruush ah, ayaa si weyn u soo hagaagtay nidaamka maamulka iyo si aada eryadeen siyaasad ah Westernization, waxaa loola jeedaa hannaanka kala guurka fikradaha reer galbeedka iyo dhaqanka. Oo wakhtigii Catherine Waynaa Russia ayaa noqday dal halkii weyn. Waxaa la mid ah awoodaha weyn ee Europe iyo Asia tartami kari wayeen.

Childhood of Empress mustaqbalka weyn

Catherine II, ku dhashay Sophia Friederike Auguste, waxa uu ku dhashay on April 21, 1729 in kibir yar oo Jarmal ee magaalada Stettin, Prussia (hadda Shetsin, Poland). Aabaheed Christian August ee Anhalt-Zerbst ahaa amiirkii a lahaanshaha yar. xirfadiisa Military wuxuu ka dhigay at William Frederick ka koowaad.

Hooyo Catherine - Princess Elizaveta Golshteyn-Gottorp. waalidiinta gabadha ayaa rajeynaya muuqaalka kore ee walad, oo sidaas daraaddeed ma ay tusin jacayl gaar ah gabadhiisa. Halkii, iyagu waa waqtiga iyo tamarta u huray in uu ina William, kuwaas oo, nasiib daro, ka dib ku dhimatay da'da laba iyo toban sannadood.

Waxbarashada iyo u dhowaanshaha governess ah

Sida ilmo, mustaqbalka Catherine II ahaa mid aad u dhow in ay iyada governess Babette. Ka dibna, Empress had iyo jeer si diiran wax iyada ku saabsan. gabdhaha wax bartay ka koobnaa kuwa maadooyinka sheegtay in loo baahan yahay oo ku saabsan xaaladda iyo asal ahaan. Waa Diinta (Lutheranism), taariikhda, Faransiis, Jarmal iyo xataa Ruush, taas oo aad u faa'iido badan ka dib. Iyo, dabcan, music.

Sidaas qaatay iyada carruurnimada Ekaterina Velikaya. Si kooban u sharaxaya sano iyada ka sii joogo guriga, waxaan dhihi karaa in ay jiraan wax aan caadi ahayn oo ku saabsan gabadha karin ayaa dhacay. Life koritaanka Catherine u muuqday mid aad u caajis, oo iyadu aan markaas ogaada in horteeda iyada sugaya quudhin xiiso leh - safar cidhifka fog ee doonnida.

Timaado Russia, ama bilowga nolosha qoyska

Marka Catherine ku soo koray, hooyadeed ku arkay dhaqaaqo gabadheeda ka dhigan tahay jaranjarada bulshada waxana ay hagaajin xaaladda qoyska. Waxay lahaa wax badan oo qaraabada, iyo waxa ay ka caawisay in ay sameeyaan baaritaan buuxa oo aroos ku haboon. Isla mar ahaantaana nolosha Catherine Waynaa uu ahaa sidaas sugeysayna in ay arkeen in guurka hab fiican aaddan in ay ka gacanta ku hooyada baxsadaan.

Marka Catherine ahaa shan iyo toban, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna iyada marti qaaday in dalka Ruushka, si ay u noqon karta naagtii kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga - the Grand Duke Peter III. Wuxuu ahaa dhalinyarada qaan gaadhin iyo isnacsiiyeen ah lix iyo toban. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ayay Russia yimid, markiiba xanuunsaday la pleurisy, kaas oo ku dhawaad dilay iyada.

Elizabeth badbaaday in dhiig soo noqnoqda, kuwaas oo shaaca ka mahad Elizaveta Petrovna. Laakiin hooyadeed ka gees this ahaa, iyo sababta oo ah in gelin dulli in Empress ku dhacay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan Catherine soo kabsaday oo qaaday iimaanka Orthodox ka, inkastoo diidmo aabbihiis - devotional Lutheran, waxa ay guursatay dhalinyaro ah amiirka. Iyo diinta cusub oo ay heshay magac kale - Katherine. dhacdooyinka oo dhan, kuwaas oo ka dhacay 1745, iyo in uu yahay sida sheekada Catherine Great bilaabay.

Years of nolosha qoyska, ama sida laba qof oo is qaba oo askari toy ciyaaro

Noqoshada ku-kow iyo labaatanaad ee August xubin ka mid ah qoyska reer boqor, Catherine bilaabay inay xirtaan horyaalka ee Princess. Laakiin iyada guur u soo baxay in ay noqon arrin ku qanacsanayn. Sayga ee Catherine Great wuxuu ahaa nin dhallinyaro ah oo aan weli qaan gaadhin, halkii waqti afadiisa la, ka doorteen in ay askar toy ciyaaro. A mustaqbalka Empress waqti naftaada madadaalinta danaha kale, akhriska.

Tiri Andrei Shuvalov, kuwaas oo ahaa Chamberlain Catherine, waan ogaa memoirist ee James riksdagen, oo uu ku wargeliyay count faahfaahinta saaxiib nolosha ee Boqortooyada. Qaar ka mid ah wararka xanta ah, kuwaas oo ku jira macluumaad in ugu dhakhsaha badan ka dib markii u guursanayeen oo Butros gees u waday oo uu sayidaddeedii Elizabeth Vorontsova. Laakiin iyo Catherine in ka dib markii aan ku jiray deynta. Waxay la arkay in xiriirka ay la Sergei Saltykov, Grigoriem Orlovym, Stanislavom Ponyatovskim iyo kuwa kale.

muuqaalka kore ee dhaxalka dheer la sugayay

Waxay qaadatay dhowr sano ka hor Empress mustaqbalka dhashay dhaxal leh. Wiilka Catherine ee Great, Paul, waxa uu ku dhashay on September labaatanaad 1754. Waalidnimada ilmaha ayaa sumad u ahaa dood aan dhammaadka lahayn. Waxaa jira saynisyahano badan kuwaas oo aaminsan in dhab ahaantii wiilka aabihiis - ma ninkeeda of Catherine weyn, iyo Sergei Saltykov - Nin sharaf leh Ruush iyo xubin ka mid ah maxkamadda. Qaar kalena waxay ku dooday in ilmaha u eg Peter, kii aabbihiis waa.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Catherine lahaa waqti lahayn, waayo, oo curadkiisii ahaa, iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan Elizaveta Petrovna ku qaatay in uu barbaarinta. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in guurka ahaa lagu guulaysan, waxa aan la hadhaysay by caqliga iyo danaha siyaasadeed Catherine ah. haweenay da'yar Bright sii waday in ay ka akhrisan badan, gaar ahaan Faransiis. Waxay jecel yahay tixaha, ruwaayado iyo gabayo, laakiin waxay ahayd inta badan danaynaya in shuqullada tirooyinka waaweyn wax Nuurin la'aantiis Faransiis ah sida Diderot, Voltaire iyo Montesquieu.

Soon, Catherine uuraysatay ilmaha labaad, Anna, kuwaas oo ku nool afar bilood kaliya. Banii Catherine weyn, sababta oo ah warar xan ah oo ku saabsan sinada ee Empress mustaqbalka ma keeni Peter III ee dareenka diiran. Ninka shakiyey in uu ahaa aabbahood noolaha. Dabcan, Catherine diiday eedeymaha sida xaaskaaga iyo ka doorteen in ay qaataan inta badan iyada boudoir, si ay u qariyaan ka dabeecadiisa isnacsiiyeen.

In hal talaabo carshiga

dhimashada Empress Elizabeth, kuwaas oo ku dhintay December 25, 1761 Ka dib, Catherine ninkeedii ku guulaysteen in ay carshiga, ayaa noqday Peter III, halka Catherine nafteeda ayaa heshay horyaalka ee Empress. Laakiin laba weli si gooni gooni ah ku noolaa. Empress The waxba u qaban la guddiga lahaa. Peter ahaa bayaan naxariis lahayn si ay naagtiisii. Waxa uu meesha ka saaray dawladda la Zino ay.

Laakiin Ekaterina Velikaya ahaa qof dumar ah oo hami leh kartida aqooneed ee weyn. Waxay rajaynayeen in mar isku wada mid u iman doonaan inay awood iyo xukumaan Russia. Si ka duwan ninkeeda Catherine isku dayeen in ay muujiyaan sida ay daacad u ah gobolka iyo iimaanka Orthodox ah. Sida ay si sax ah u la wareegay waxaa ka caawiyey iyada ma aha oo kaliya qaadan meel on carshiga, laakiin sidoo kale in ay hesho taageerada lagama maarmaanka ah oo ka mid ah dadka Ruush.

Shirqool ka dhan ah afadiisa

dhawr bilood oo boqornimadiisa Peter dib markii saddexaad suurtagashay in ay hesho farabadan cadaawayaashooda ee dowladda ka mid ah militariga iyo gaar ahaan Hoggaamiyayaasha kiniisadda. Habeenka June 28, 1762 Ekaterina Velikaya sirqooleen oo iyada lover, Grigori Orlov, uu ka tagay xarunta madaxtooyada oo u tegey Izmailovo Ciidankii ah, taas oo ka hadlay askari la hadal a kaas oo uu ka codsaday in uu guursadaa iyada u gaar ah ka ilaaliyo.

Oo sidaas ha loo sameeyey shirqoolay Peter III. Taliye ayaa lagu qasbay in ay saxeexaan ah ka gaabin, iyo boqornimadii of ina Catherine Waynaa Paul. Marka iyo Empress waa in ay ahaataa sida Ninkaas in da'diisa. Markaasaa Butros yar ka dib markii la xiray ayaa la ceejiyo by ilaaladiisa gaarka ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay u Ekaterina amray in ay ku dilaan, laakiin xujada gardarradooda lahayn.

riyooyin rumowday

Tan iyo waqti in boqornimadii Catherine Weyn. Sanadaha ugu horaysa waxay bixisaa ugu badnaan waqti si loo hubiyo in engegnaantiinna of booskiisa carshiga. Catherine ahaa ogyahay in ay jiraan dadka u usurper ka qaata awood shisheeye ka fiirsan. Sidaa darteed, waxaa si firfircoon loo isticmaalaa fursad ugu yar inuu ku guuleysto Nicmada ku abtirsan iyo ciidamada.

Sida siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda, Catherine Great ogaa in Russia u baahan yahay muddo dheer nabadda si ay xoogga saaraan arrimaha qoyska. Oo dunida oo keliya waxaa laga heli karin siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda taxadir. Oo ay soo qaadaan Ekaterina doortay Tiri Nikita Panin, kuwaas oo ahaa mid aad u yaqaan falasafadda in arrimaha Arrimaha Dibadda.

nolosha shakhsi aan saldhigan Catherine

Sida sawirka of Catherine Great noo muujinaysa sida naag arrin wanaagsan-raadinta, oo aan haba yaraatee la yaab leh in nolosha shakhsiga ah ee Empress ayaa aad u kala duwan.

Catherine ma guursan kartaa, sababtoo ah waxa ay khatar iyada booska.

Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi badan, sheekada Catherine Great uu leeyahay oo ku saabsan dersin caashaqi jiray, ayay inta badan soo siiyey hadiyad kala duwan, sharaf iyo koobab si ay ugu guuleystaan in ay Nicmada.

Favorites, ama sida si loo hubiyo in ay da '

Ka dib markii amarna wuxuu la-taliye Catherine Grigoriem Aleksandrovichem Potemkinym dhamaaday, maadaama ay dhacday 1776, Empress ku doortay nin qurux ma aha oo kaliya jirka, laakiin sidoo kale sirdoonka cajiib ah. Waxay ahayd Alexander Dmitriyev-Mamonov. saaxiibbo badan ee Empress waa mid aad u nooc iyadii, iyo Ekaterina Velikaya ayaa had iyo jeer lagu muujiyey deeqsinimada xaggiisa, xitaa xiriir oo dhan ka dib.

Tusaale ahaan, mid ka mid ah kuwa iyada caashaqi jiray - Peter Zavadovsky - helay konton kun rubles, hawlgabka ah ee shan kun iyo afar kun oo yaroow ka dib markii xiriirka ay dhamaatay (waxaa dhacay 1777). The ee la soo dhaafay iyada caashaqi badan - Prince Zubov, kuwaas oo ahaa ka yar tahay Empress afartan sannadood.

Oo waxa ku saabsan reer Catherine weyn? ka mid ah cadcad badan oo ma jirin mid ka mid ah oo iyada siiyey wiil kale ama gabadhaada waa? Ama ma Paul ahaa ilmaha oo keliya baa?

Catherine weyn, u dhashay cadcad Children

Marka Elizaveta Empress ku Petrovna dhintay, Catherine waxay ahayd lix bilood uurka by Grigory Orlov. Ilmuhu waxa uu ku dhashay qarsoodi ka dhan April 11, 1762 in ay qayb ka fog oo ah hoyga boqorka. Her guurka Butros III wakhtigaas oo gabi ahaanba burburtay, oo marar badan wuxuu Ymer maxkamadda oo uu sayidaddeedii.

Catherine Chamberlain Basil Shkurin iyo xaaskiisa yarkii buu soo qaaday gurigiisa gelin. Catherine boqortooyada Great bilaabay markii wiilkii buu la jiray oo kaliya dhawr bilood. Waxaa madaxtooyada ku soo laabtay. kid ayaa bilaabay inay ku raaxaystaan ilmanimada caadi ah iyada oo ay kormeerayaan waalidkood - Catherine iyo Gregory. Orlov bilaabay isticmaalaya ilmaha isku dayaya in ay riixaan Ekaterina guur.

Waxay ku fikiray aad u dheer oo adag, laakiin weli qaaday Council Panina, kuwaas oo uu sheegay in Mrs. Orlova marnaba loo ogolaan inuu u taliyo gobolka Ruush. Iyo Catherine kuma uu dhicin inuu guursado Grigory Orlov. Marka Alex noqday wiil dhalinyaro ah, oo wuxuu aaday inuu dibadda u safraan. Journey socday muddo toban sanadood ah. Ka dib markii in Russia ina soo laabtay helay hadiyad ahaan ka estate hooyadiis oo waxay bilaabeen inay bartaan arday Quduuska ah Corps.

Saamaynta ay ku cadcad ee arrimaha gobolka

Sida laga soo xigtay macluumaad kale oo taariikhi ah, ka Poniatowski Empress ay dhashay wiil iyo gabar, laakiin carruurtii loo Catherine Great ku noolaa oo kaliya oo ku saabsan lix iyo toban bilood. Waxay aan waligood laga aqoonsan yahay meel fagaare ah. Inta ugu cadcad Catherine Waynaa qoysaska sharaf u yimid oo ay awoodaan si ay u dhisaan ah mustaqbalkiisa siyaasadeed u fiican. Tusaale ahaan, Stanisław Poniatowski boqorkii reer Poland ee 1764 noqday.

Laakiin midkoodna Catherine gacaliye ma isticmaali xaaladooda sida ay u saamayn siyaasadda guud. Marka laga reebo Gregory Potemkin, Catherine weyn oo ku xiran dareen aad u qoto dheer. khubaro badan oo xitaa ku andacoodaan in guur qarsoodi ah ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey dhexeeya Empress iyo Potemkin ee 1774.

Ekaterina Velikaya, boqortooyada oo keenay faa'iidooyin muhiim ah in dawladda Ruush, oo dhan naftiisa ku hadhay qof dumar ah oo jecel oo la jecel yahay.

Adeegyada Aasaasiga ah gobolka Ruush

Oo in kastoo jecel nolosha Catherine ahayd qayb muhiim ah, dareen marnaba hoosiis danaha siyaasadeed. Empress ayaa markasta u shaqeeyay si adag si ay u bartaan luuqada Ruushka in ay sida xad sida in meesha laga saaro ay diiradda si buuxda u nuugo dhaqanka Ruush iyo baasana dhaqan iyo si taxadar leh bartay taariikhda ee boqortooyada. sawirka Historical ee Catherine Great waxay muujinaysaa in ay ahaa hogaamiye aad u karti.

Inta lagu guda jiro boqornimadiisa, Catherine kordhiyay soohdimaha Empire Ruush si koonfureed iyo galbeed ku dhawaad 520 000 oo kiiloomitir oo laba jibbaaran. gobolka ayaa noqotay ciidamada ugu awooda badan ee koonfurta-bari ee Europe ah. guulo badan oo dhanka hore ciidamada ogol yahay Empire in ay helaan Badda Madow.

Waxaa intaa dheer, in 1768, on Bank qoray ee loo xilsaaray bixinta lacag warqad ugu horeeyey ee Dawladda. hay'adaha noocan oo kale ah la furay ee St. Petersburg iyo Moscow, oo mar dambe magaalooyinka kale ee laamaha bangiga la abuuray.

Catherine siiyo waxbarasho iyo tababar ee dadka dhalinyarada ah ee labada jinsiba dareen weyn. Foundling Hospital Moscow ayaa la furay, ugu dhakhsaha badan Smolny Empress aasaasay Institute for Noble hablo. Waxay bartay aragti waxbarasho dhaqanka ee dalalka kale oo uu bilaabay dib u habaynta waxbarashada ee badan. Haddaba waxay ahayd Catherine waajib ku ah in la dhiso dugsiyada ee qaybo ka mid ah gobolka Empire Ruush dhigay.

Empress si joogto ah patronized nolosha dhaqanka ee dalka, iyo sidoo kale daacad u muujinaya in iimaanka Orthodox iyo gobolka. Waxay bixisaa in ballaarinta of hay'adaha waxbarashada iyo korodhka awooda dhaqaale ee dareenka ugu badnaan. Laakiinse bal yaa u taliyaa ka dib markii Catherine weyn? Yaa tageen iyada oo galay horumarinta gobolka?

maalmaha ugu dambeeya ee boqortooyada. kii dhaxalka lahaa suurto gal ah in carshiga

Waayo, tobanaan, Catherine II ahaa taliyihii waadaxa ah ee gobolka Ruush. Laakiinse waagaas oo dhan ayay u lahaa xiriir aad u murugsan oo la ina isaga u gaar ah - kii dhaxalka lahaa in Pavel. Empress waxay ahayd si fiican u ogaadaan in aanay suurtagal ahayn in lagu wareejiyo awoodda gacmaha wiilkiisa galay.

Ekaterina Velikaya, boqortooyada taas oo ku dhamaaday bartamihii bishii November 1796, ay go'aansadeen in ay sameeyaan uu awow bedelka Alexander. Tani waa meesha ay aragtay taliyihii mustaqbalka iyo si diiran isaga loola dhaqmo. Empress diyaarinayeen iyada awow inay boqortooyada barbarta uu waxbarashada. Waxaa intaa dheer, ayay xitaa u suurtagashay in ay guursato Alexander, taas oo loogu tala galay soo socda ee da'da iyo awood u leh inay qaataan kursi carshiga.

Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, dhimashada Catherine II iyadoo la kaashanayo kale ka dib markii Inqilaab, ina Empress ah, Paul ugu horeysay qaaday meeshii kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga. Sidaas darteed, waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah xeerarka ka dib markii Catherine Great ee shantii sano ee la soo dhaafay.