Sifooyinka hadda-danab ee qalabka elektarooniga ah

Bilow sheekada ahaan lahayd la Edison. Ninkan xiiso leh of science tijaabiyay uu laambad incandescent, isku dayaya in ay gaaraan meelaha cusub iftiinka korontada, iyo qalad ah been abuurtay laambad diode. The electrons tago vacuo ku cathode iyo entrained dhinaca koronto labaad, kala meel. On toosinta hadda waqtiga ogaa in yar, been abuurtay tiga helay codsiga waqti yar. Waxaa markaas ahaa, oo loo baahan yahay sifo hadda-danab a. Laakiin wax ugu horeysay ugu horeysay.

The sifo hadda-danab ee qalabka korontada - vacuum, iyo sidoo kale Semiconductor iyo - caawisaa si ay u fahmaan sida loo dhaqmo marka aad gaadho on qalab ee circuit koronto. Dhab ahaantii, waxa ay ku xidhan tahay danab ku codsatay in qalabka hadda wax soo saarka. Edison abuurtay horreeyay ee diode waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu gooyay qiyamka danab xun, in kasta oo, si adag u hadlaya, wax walba waxay ku xirnaan doontaa jihada of qalab la wareegay galay Bannaanka, laakiin badan oo ku saabsan in qaar ka mid ah mar kale, si aanay u dhashay akhristaha leh si faahfaahsan loo baahnayn.

Sayidka, sifo hadda-danab ee diode kahyraadka waa laan wanaagsan xisaabta parabola, lagu yaqaan in ay ugu casharada dugsiga. hadda waxa uu ku dhex qalab noocan oo kale ah ka duuli karaan oo kaliya in hal jiho. Dabcan, dhaqanka ugu fiican ee ka duwan nolosha dhabta ah, iyo in weli uu jiro hadda a dulinka at voltages xun, loo yaqaan reflux (baxsiga). Isagu waa uga yar yahay hadda la doonayo, gudbiyo sida tooska ah, laakiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in aan marnaba la illoobayn ku saabsan-ideality non oo alaabta muusikada ah oo dhab ah.

triode Vacuum ka duwan yahay walaalkiis ka yar la joogaan labo electrodes of Roobka gacanta, wabi qayb transversely dhexe ee sibraar vacuum ah. cathode A leh daahan gaar ah taas oo sahlaysa in ay isa-soociddiisa oo ka electrons dushiisa, waxay u adeegeen sida il of Qurub hoose oo qaaday anode. socodka danab gacanta ku codsatay in ay xirneeyn. Sifooyinka hadda-danab ee laambad triode vacuum waa mid aad la mid ah diode ah, laakiin mid ka mid ah faahfaahinta weyn. Iyada oo ku xidhan danab ku saabsan salka Wehliyaha parabola ah Oo Qaliin isbedel, oo aynu aad u hesho qoyska ka mid ah khadadka qaab la mid ah.

Si ka duwan diode transistors shaqeeyaan danab wanaagsan u dhexeeya cathode iyo anode ah. shaqeynta la doonayo waxaa lagu gaarayaa by khalkhalgelinta ee danab xirneeyn. Ugu dambayntiina, waxaad u baahan tahay si ay u sameeyaan update ee la soo dhaafay. Tan iyo cathode uu leeyahay awood uguna for warshadu hawada electron, waxa uu leeyahay dabeecad u ah ee gobol kasta u damaysay, halkaas oo koror dheeraad ah ee danab noqonin mid horseeda in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka hadda.

Inkastoo nooca kala duwan iyo mabaadi'da sifooyinka hadda-danab ee transistor ma aha mid aad u kala duwan oo ka triode ah, laakiin steepness ee parabola waa weyn. Taasi waa sababta circuit ilayska on milicsiga ah waxaa inta badan loo wareejiyay substrate Semiconductor ah. Amarka ka mid ah tiro kale oo aan ahayn jirka transistors waa voltages sahayda uga yar. Waxaa intaa dheer, qalabka Semiconductor la kaantarooli karaa by voltages wanaagsan iyo wax xunba, taas oo ku siinayaa shahaadada weyn ee xorriyadda samaynta marka la dhigaayo wareeggeedii.

Si aad si buuxda u la kulmo codsiyada ee kala iibsiga ee xal iyo qalabka diyaar-dhigay oo la been abuurtay la saamaynta photoelectric. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii laambadda isticmaalo ay noocyada shisheeye, salka element sare, sababo cad, ka hawlgala ku saleysan saamayn photoelectric gudaha. photoelectric The sifo hadda-danab lagu gartaa in wax soo saarka qiimaha hadda waxaa wareejiyay, taas oo ku xidhan iftiiminta. Xooggii uu nuur yahay sare ka sii weyn soo saarka hadda. Tan iyo phototransistors shaqada, photodiodes waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida laan dambe hadda. Tani waxay ka caawisaa in la abuuro qalab awood lagu ogaan karo photons oo maamula ilo iftiin dibadda.