Firidhsan iftiinka

dogobka iftiin marayay askunmay ah saddex xagal waxaa dhacday in ay ku laayeen been jeedday soo askunmay bildayaha ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay tahay oo kaliya farabadan of light oo cad, waa ka dib markii uu baas iyagoo isha kuhaya, ma aha oo kaliya diiday, laakiin sidoo kale decomposes galay alwaaxdii saqafka haysay midab leh. Tani waxay ifafaale waxaa lagu magacaabaa kala firidhsan iftiinka. Waxaa markii ugu horaysay la bartay Isaakom Nyutonom ee 1666 ee taxane ah oo tijaabo cajiib ah.

Isha ugu fudud tijaabo Newton noqday god yar wareeg ah oo ku yaalla sanduuqa shutter ciinwaanka by qorraxda. Marka hore ee godka ahaa Jaha soo askunmay waa derbiga halkii dhibco wareega muuqanno midab line, loo yaqaan kala duwan Newton on. Noocan oo kale ah Spector ka kooban yahay toddoba midabada hoose: casaan, oranji, jaalle ah, cagaaran, cyan, buluug, iyo guduud, kaas oo si tartiib ah u badala ka midba midka kale. Mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid degan in meel bannaan oo spectrum of tirada kala duwan ee. oo dhererkeedu wuxuu ugu weyn ee band guduudan, yar - cas.

waayo-aragnimo xigtay waxay ahayd in ku jirase aad u ballaaran rays midab, heli isticmaalaya askunmay ah, screen leh god yar istaagay baxay alwaaxdii saqafka haysay cidhiidhi midabka gaar ah oo u soo diray inuu soo askunmay labaad.

Askunmay iyaga iyagoo gaala ah, ma beddeli midabka ah ee rays, kuwaas oo. rays noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo yaqaan fudud ama monochromatic (hal midab).

Experience muujinaysaa in rays cas dareemaan weecasho yar la buluug, marka la barbar dhigo i.e. alwaaxdii saqafka haysay midabka kala duwan yihiin refracted duwan askunmay.

Ururinta midab gashto xirmooyin rays ka soo baxay askunmay ah, Newton helay screen cad halkii furitaanka strip image ah rinji cad.

Dhammaan tijaabooyinka kuwan, Newton sameeyey gabagabadii soo socda:

• iftiinka cad ee dabiiciga ah waa iftiin adag, taas oo ka kooban rays midab,
• ee rays iftiin midabka kala duwan, iyo indices Refractive yihiin wakiilada kala duwan; iyadoo ay sabab u this, marka dogob nuurka cad waxaa dhacday soo askunmay, waxaa giirte galay qaybaha kala,
• Haddii United ay midab rays ee spectrum ah, waxaad mar kale u hesho iftiin cad.

Sidaas darteed, kala firidhsan iftiinka - ugub ah oo ka tiirsanaanta soo baxdo ee index ka Refractive walax Milanello (ama inta jeer).

Firidhsan iftiinka ayaa lagu arkay ma aha oo kaliya marka iftiinka maraa askunmay ah, laakiin sidoo kale xaaladaha kale ee kala duwan, ka refraction iftiinka. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, refraction at qoraxda dhibco biyo ah soo raacay by ay kala daatay galay rays midab, tani waa formation qaansoroobaad Illustrated.

Newton in la helo qaybaha kala faray in ay ku jirase aad soo askunmay halkii ballaaran cylindrical qorraxda ee loo marayo godka wareega sameeyey shutter ah.

Spectrum sidaas helay waa taxane ah oo images midabka godadkii wareega qayb noqnoqashada leh kasta oo kale oo kala duwan. Si aad u hesho spectrum ka sii daahirsanaan, daraasadda of arrin ee kala firidhsan iftiinka, Newton soo jeediyay in aadan isticmaalin god ku wareegsan, iyo isku midka ah Saa'ibo cidhiidhi ah si ay u laayeen bildayaha ee soo askunmay ah. Iyada oo lenses shaashadda laga helay image cad oo daloolka ka dibna lagu rakibay ka danbeeya soo askunmay gashto oo siinayaa spectrum ah.

The spectra ugu nadiif ah oo dhalaalaya ayaa helay iyadoo la kaashanayo qalabka gaarka ah - spectrometers iyo spectrographs.

Nuugista iftiinka - ifafaale ah oo tamarta la ruxruxo iftiin hoos u la eѐ marayay arrinta. Tan waxa u sabab beddelidda ee tamarta iftiinka hirarka galay tamarta shucaaca sare, ama si kale loo dhigo, ka tamarta gudaha oo ka mid ah wax taas oo uu leeyahay a Halabuurka spectral kala duwan oo dhinaca kale ee faafinta.

nuugista Light waxay keeni kartaa kululaynta ee wax, ionization ama excitation of atamka ama u taagoo, reactions photochemical iyo geedi socodka kale ee arrinta.