Shucaaca beta

The nuclei of atamka qaarkood waxaa lagu gartaa xasilooni, kaas oo muujiyey in ay awood u leh inay transformations (suuska lama filaan ah), oo ay la socdaan warshadu hawada ku of shucaaca (radiation ionizing). Nooca ugu badan ee bololka nuclear waa shucaaca beta ah.

Shucaaca yeedhay microparticles iyo beero kala duwan oo jirka ah, taas oo awood u leeyihiin in ay ionize walxaha. Waxaa jira ilaa nuugista jaleelada walax kasta. Ilaha shucaaca (xarumaha nuclear farsamo ama walxaha shucaaca) waa awood, ka duwan shucaaca ugu jiraan muddo aad u dheer. shucaaca Dabiiciga joogo nolosheena si joogto ah. shucaaca Ionizing jiray xitaa ka hor dhalashada dunida foomamka ugu horeeyay ee nolosha.

shucaaca Beta - waa il joogto ah positrons iyo electrons, kuwaas oo timaada in bololka beta ee shucaaca qaaradda ah. Noocan oo kale ah sifo suuska aan dhammaan atamka, laakiin kaliya in walxaha qaarkood. electrons (ama positrons) loo sameeyay in diirkja ee beddelidda ee neutrons in protons ama qeybsanaan ku xigeenka. Foomamka qayb ka mid deggan, oo aan lahayn kharash iyo mass intiisa kale, loo yaqaan neutrinos iyo antineutrinos.

Marka suuska electronic sameeyay muhiimka ah, kuna waari dhexdeeda tirada protons waxaa kor u kacay ka mid ah, marka loo eego lacagta ka hor suuska. In Sawirid qudhun lacag nuclear halkii unit hoos. In labada kiisaska, tirada mass aysan waxba ka beddelin.

electrons timaada (ama positrons) hantidaan tamartaa kala duwan min eber ilaa xadka ugu badan ee tamarta em (ma lamid dhowr MeV).

shucaaca Beta leedahay qaybaha kala tamarta joogto ah. heerka tamarta xuduntii la Discrete. Taas macnaheedu waa in at suuska kasta xiga la sii dayn doono tamarta cusub. sii noocan oo kale ah ee spectra warshadu hawada ay sabab u tahay xaqiiqada ah in bololka ee tamarta ah qaaradda xad-dhaaf ah loo qaybin karaa inta u dhaxaysa Qurub timaada duwan ee. Sidaa darteed, neutrinos spectrum waxaa timaada inta lagu jiro suuska ee, waxaa sidoo kale lagu gartaa sii.

Qiyaasay beta shucaaca beta spectrometers counters beta gaarka ah iyo qolalka ionization

isotopes shucaaca in qudhun marka uu la socdo warshadu hawada ee noocan ah, loo yaqaan beta-emitters. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid isotopes baaruud (S35), fosfooraska (32P), calcium (Ca45) iyo kuwa kale. Haddii suuska aan la Ulasocto cindiga gamma, waxa la yidhaahdaa waa shucaaca beta saafi ah.

emitters badan (32P, 14C, Ca45, S35, iwm) Oo loo isticmaalo radioisotope ogaanshaha iyo loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin tijaabo ah.

Isagoo maraya walaxda, rays beta (beta radiation) macaamila nuclei of atamka iyo electrons ay, faqri waxa ay tamarta oo dhan oo ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba joojinta ay dhaqdhaqaaqa. Jidka in maraa walax beta-walxaha, loo yaqaan masaafada. Waxaa lagu muujiyay in garaam halkii centimitir square (muujinaysaa sida g / cm2).

shucaaca Beta waa ay awoodaan in ay dhex gasho galay nudaha jidhka ku nool si qoto dheer ah 2 sentimitir. Si aad u difaaco shucaaca sida baari karaa Plexiglas oo dhumucdiisuna waxay ku haboon.

Beta-rays wakiil mid ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee ionizing shucaaca. Marka loo marayo rays ka soo gudbeen lumin walax tamarta keenaya ionization. Nuugista tamarta by dhexdhexaad ah waxay keeni kartaa dhowr ah oo geedi socodka sare ee wax taas oo uu maray cindiga. Tusaale ahaan, tani dhici kara in luminescence, reactions radiation-kiimikada, badalaya qaabka crystal ee walxaha iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Sida noocyada kale ee shucaaca, rays beta leeyihiin saamaynta radiobiological.

Isticmaalka shucaac beta ee daawada ku salaysan yahay in ay wax lays ee sifooyinka dhar ah. Rays isticmaalo maqaar saar, interstitial iyo intracavitary Dawaynta ilayska.