Seef Order (Order of Brothers seef ah): Taariikhda

In 1198 in waxa hadda waa Latvia dhacdooyin aad u waaweyn ka dhaceen. qabiilooyinka Local caasiyoobeen ballaarinta Dhulkoodii ku Roman Jarmal Emperor Otto IV. Marka fallaago la baabi'iyay, si looga hortago in amarka ciidamada seefta waxaa loo abuuray in mustaqbalka, goosato ah oo la mid ah amarka Jarmal kiniisaddu Albrecht.

Si ay u qabsadaan, dadka aan Yuhuudda ahayn

Mid ka mid ah dhibanayaasha qabiilooyinka caasi ah oo noqday hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu Berthold maxaliga ah. uu magacaaban Albrecht von Buxhowden bilaabay by leh in Knights Livonian u yeedhay ridayo oo ka dhanka ah Gaalada Faasiqiinta ah. Boqolaal adventurers raba Qaniimada fudud dagaalka, oo ay la socdaan dembidhaafka aawadiis, degay ee 1200 oo uu wadaad xagjirka ah ee afka Western Dvina ah, halkaas oo qalcaddayda Riga ugu dhakhsaha badan la dhigay.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida waqtiga maray, ay caddaatay in si loo xakameeyo dhulka oo dhan mid ka mid ah ay Saliibiyiintu ka kuma filna, iyo hindisaha hoggaamiyaha kiniisadda Albrecht si isku mid cusub military-diimeed oo la asaasay 1200, loo yaqaan seef. Order wuxuu ku kor qaaday marka laga reebo daryeelka taabato ee jaahilka ah deegaanka si ay iimaanka runta ah, iyo ka badan la sifaynayo military hawlaha. Laba sano ka dib, Abuurkiisa waxaa sharciyad by dibi le'daan gaar ah siiyey Amarka sharci buuxa oo unleashes dhammaan shaqooyinka mustaqbalka.

The Cross iyo seefta

Magaciisa, waxa uu waajib ku ah inay seefo cas muujiyay in wada la iskutallaabtiisana Malta on dharkoodii cad ee Knights ah. Markii hore, markii la abuuray waxaa loo isticmaalay saldhig magoolay halka Templars ah. isku dhafan ee uu aamino Christian xoog military si siman ahaa caadiga ah iyaga, iyo seef. Order aasaasay by Bishop Albrecht, si rasmi ah loo yaqaan "Brothers Masiixa oo chivalry Livonia", kaas oo sidoo kale soo jeedinaya in la mid ah walaalaha Templar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay la mid dibadeed iyo wax kasta oo ahaa xadidan.

Waxbarashada Livonia

salka Order ee Seef ahaa talaabo weyn oo keentay in dhismaha dawlad-goboleedka cusub ee Baltics ah - Livonia. Waa laga bilaabo dhalashada ma ahaa dhamaystiran. Waxay ka koobnayd laba aag dhaqaale oo kala duwan - ay Bishopric of Riga oo cusub, kaliya abuuray, Order ka. unugyada Territorial ee gobolka cusub ee lagu magacaabay Estonia, Livonia iyo Courland. Ereyadaas waxaa ka soo jeeda magacyadii qabiilooyinka degaanka halkaas oo nool oo. maamulka sare ee dhulka oo dhan waxaa iska lahaa hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu.

Fatxi dalalka cusub

Tan iyo wakhtigii ugu horeysay ee uu joogay Livonia Knights of Order oo seefta weerareen dhulka, gacanta oo weli ku jirta gacanta qabiilooyinka maxaliga ah. On dib dalka si ay u dhisaan qalcaddayda ah, ka dib noqdaan ciidamada tixraaca iyo waxyaabaha maamulka. Laakiin ma aha oo kaliya la qabiilooyinka maxaliga ah in ay la dagaallanto duulay Livonian. soo horjeeda ugu weyn iyo kuwoodii ugu fiicnaa waxay ahaayeen amiirradii Ruush, unbaa loo arkaa dal Livonian hanti uu appanage.

At halganka this sanado badan guul kala duwan la diriray. In celisa dokumentiyadii taariikhiga ahaa, oo daboolaya dhacdooyinka sano kuwa, wax badan oo caddaynta sida Ruush Ciidamada guul iyo guul darro. Inta badan, hawlgalka kale ciidamada dhamaaday dhimashada ama qabtay oo ka mid ah mid ka mid, ka qaybgalayaasha kale. Intaa waxaa dheer, taariikhda Order seefta dhacdooyin buuxa ee halganka ka socda ay la Istooniyaan ah - qof ay ku nool yihiin muddo dheer ah dalalkan. Siyaabo badan waxa ay adkaynaysaa xaaladda oo halkan ka hor Amarka Livonian jirey, sidoo kale soo rogay ay sharciga ah ee dhulka.

search ee xulufada arooriyaha

Xaaladda ahaa mid adag. Si ay u qabtaan falalka baaxad weyn sida ayaa loo baahan yahay ciidamo military badan, oo ay si cad u yihiin ma ku filan in seef. Amarka lagu qasbay in ay raadsadaan Waliyeelata in Europe, xoog leh, la midoobin, in, waxaan awoodi doonaan in ay sii wadi gumaysigii dalalka cusub. Laakiin ma aha oo kaliya faa'iido ciidamada isbahaysiga noocan ah ku siin karaan. Xaqiiqada ah in Amarka knightly seef u aafaysey halgan siyaasadeed oo aan go'aynin la Albrecht kiniisaddu - taliyihii rasmiga ah ee Livonia. Ujeedada halganka ahaa hab ka mid ah uu xukumo.

Sidaas bahaysi xoog badan ayaa laga yaabaa Order Teutonic ah. Aasaasay inta lagu guda jiro saliibi ah Saddexaad oo ay muddada ku tilmaamay taariikhiga ah lahaa ee ay qubo ciidan faro badan, ka shaqeeya iyo sidoo kale-hubeeyaan isla markaana tababaraan Knights Jarmal, ayuu xoog ugu noqon karaan in la hubiyo lahaa Swordbrothers faa'ido muhim in dhammaan khilaafyada military iyo mid siyaasadeed.

Wadahadalada in ay ku milmaan labada amarada

Ka dib markii ay tageen sayidkoodii Folkvin Teutons soo jeedinta noocan oo kale ah soo jeestay, waqti dheer ma aysan haysan jawaab kasta oo iyaga ka. Madaxa, gohmeyster Hermann von Salza, wuxuu ahaa nin reer taxadar iyo taxadir, ma in xeerarka ay u lahaa in ay go'aan ka dege. Marka, ugu dambeyntii, uu wafdiyada uu Swordbrothers diray baaritaan faahfaahsan oo dhan xaaladaha noloshooda iyo hawlaha, ayay aad ku qanacsanayn waxa uu arkay.

In wararka ay farta ku xadgudub aan la aqbali karin ee hab-nololeedka oo dhan Knights Livonian iyo quudhsasho leh, taas oo ay ula dhaqmaan qaynuunnadayda iyaga u gaar ah. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay ahayd run, laakiin ay u badan tahay, sababta ugu weyn ee dib u eegista ay negative ay astaan u doonaya Seef ka dib markii midowgii ilaashadaan madaxbanaanida iyo looga hortago in ay nuugista dhamaystiran oo Teutons ah.

Seef adkaaday at Saule River

Lama oga sida ay waqti dheer wada hadalada ay sii wadi doonto, haddii aan nasiibdarrada ah wixii ku dhacay Order seefta in mid ka mid ah howlgallada military ee caadiga ah. Iyaga looga adkaaday ee jaahilka ah Lithuania ee Battle of Saule River. Ku tiirsan taageerada Latgalians iyaga iyo Istooniyaan ku baabtiisay, ay la qiyaamay iyaga iyo khasaare culus. On dagaalka ku hadhay been konton sharaf Livonian Knights. Ciidamada of Order lagu wiiqay iyo caawin kara oo kaliya Teutons isaga badbaadiyo.

kaalin muhiim ah midaynta labada amarada ciyaaray Pope Gregory IX. Wuxuu ogaa in ka dib markii sida ay guuldarro cajiib ah Livonia Seef ku hanjabay mar kale noqon at naxariista dadka aan Yuhuudda ahayn.

In nin reer dhiso, kolkiiba ayuu u saxiixay amar sida ay taas oo 1237 ku biireen Order ee Knights Teutonic seefta. Hadda waxa laga bilaabo, ka hor inta ugu guulaysannaa madax banaan Livonia noqday laan ka mid ah Knights Teutonic ah, laakiin doorashada iyagu ma ay leeyihiin.

The milkiilayaasha cusub ee Livonia

Order Teutonic si degdeg ah u soo diray inuu Livonia ciidankii oo dhan afar iyo konton Knights, Ulasocto toban kun ka mid ah Addoomadayda, hantilayaasha iyo calooshood. In iska caabin ah oo muddo gaaban ah dadka aan Yuhuudda ahayn ayaa lagu burburiyo, iyo geeddi-socodka Christianization dalalka sii aan dhacdooyinka kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo markii laga badiyay Swordbrothers xornimada oo dhan. Xataa hoggaamiye - lanmeyster, aan doortay, sida ka hor, iyo waxa loo magacaabay by gohmeysterom Sare ee Prussia.

horumarinta dheeraad ah taariikhiga ah ee dhulalka ay leeyihiin Livonia, lagu gartaa xasilooni siyaasadeed xad-dhaaf ah. Si ka duwan seef, waxaa waajib ah in hoggaamiyaha kiniisaddu maxaliga ah, milkiilayaasha cusub waxay ahaayeen in awood buuxda ka Pope ka, iyo iyada oo la raacayo sharciga ku saabsan sano kuwii lahaa inuu in ay lahaanshaha saddex-meelood meel ka mid ah dalka iyaga Christianized. Tani waxay sababtay dibad ah episcopate maxalliga ahayd sababta colaadaha badan ku xiga.

Order oo seefta, Livonian Order, Teutonic Knights iyo sheegan dalalkan oo amiirradii Ruush si joogto ah qabtay ku laayeen gobolka semi-military. iska hor imaad muddo dheer oo ka mid ah episcopate iyo Order ee maamulka, isagoo sheegay doorka hoggaamineed ka qabashada arrimaha labada diimeed iyo siyaasadeed oo horseeday in hoos u dhac joogto ah ee heerka nolosha ee dadka wadaniga ah iyo xilliyo xanaajin qaraxyo bulshada.