Olivier Levasseur - Burcad badeeda Faransiis. Legend of khasnad iyo cryptogram ku Levasseur

About corsairs, burcad badeeda, freebooters, furitaankiisa iyo "marwooyin Nasiib" kale sow kuma qorna hal sheeko u quudhin oo filim laga sameeyey. Gudubyadaas muuqdeen kuwo aan laga hindiga, burcad burjiga inta badan noqdaan kuwo lagu daydo, kuwa badan oo iyaga ka mid ah la sheegay in ku biiray burcad badeeda ma on qalbigiisa, laakiin sababta oo ah xaaladaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax ha fiirin waa sidaas oo soo jiidasho leh nolosha dhabta ah. Qorna taariikhda, tan iyo markii Maqal time, Kuwan waxaa ka buuxa bogagga lagu hoobtay ee dil, baad iyo dhac, burcad chinivshihsya. Amaro Pargo, Olivier Levasseur, Henry Morgan iyo kuwo kale oo badan caan ka shaki, keeno cabsi ragga baxriyiinta ah, iyo magaalooyinka xeebaha.

kalluumaysiga qadiimiga ah

dhac Sea muuqday marka waagu ilbaxnimada, wada jir ah ula horumarinta ganacsiga. doonniyaha baayacmushtariga, ku raran yihiin alaabo qaali ah, laakiin si liidata hubaysan, noqdeen wax la dhaco fududahay burcad badeeda. Xusuuso waxay marka hore qoraal ah oo burcad taariikhda dib u Fircoon dalka Masar.

Waqtiyadii hore burcad badeeda si xor ah isticmaalaysa badaha Adriya hore, Aegean iyo Mediterranean. Greek magaalada-goboleedyada ayaa xilliyo halgan ay xukunkiisa, laakiin natiijooyin la taaban karo ma soo celin. Burcad badeed sii waday in ay dhici doonniyaha baayacmushtariga, iyo rakaabkii iyo shaqaalihii inay iska iibiso galay addoonsiga.

Later Roman Empire ahayd in si waxtar leh ay iska caabin dhaca badda awood. Pompey qarnigii waxaan ku BC, soo ururiyey 500 oo Maraakiibta iyo ciidan ah 120 kun oo qof muddo seddex bilood ah ka bariyeelay ee Mediterranean-badeed. Kaliya leh dayrta ee Rome ee BC qarnigii V ee gobolka this dhaca badda mar kale bilaabay inuu soo nooleeyo.

Xilligii daahfurtay juquraafi

By dhamaadka qarniyadii dhexe, Yurub ayaa guulo waawayn ka Dhismaha maraakiibta iyo navigation. caravels Spanish iyo Portuguese ayaa bartay in la dhiso - waasac,-xawaaraha sare iyo Markabka iftiin awood ka dhanka dabaysha u dhoofo.

Horumarinta ee cartography, oo ay la socdaan isticmaalka wareegsan, hadda waxay fursad inay ku dabaashaan badda ku furan, iyo sphericity ee la xiqiijiyay in Earth siiyey rajaynayaa in la gaaro oo hodan bari, galbeed socday. All this diyaariyey daahfurtay juquraafi weyn.

Waayo, laba boqol oo sannadood, tan iyo markii qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii XV ah. iyo dhamaanayey bartamihii qarnigii XVII ah., hageyaasha Yurub sahamiyey oo aan la garaneyn ka hor badaha, badaha, jasiiradaha iyo qaaradood. Dhinaca mid, ku daahfurtay juquraafi ahayd talaabo hore, laakiin, dhinaca kale, ay dar dar geliyay in conquests gumeysiga iyo isxigxiga oo aan horay loo arag ku dhaca badda.

Waa marxalad this soo saaray shuruudaha ah ee burcad badeeda, oo magacyadoodiina aan weli la illoobay. Gaar ahaan, haddii ay la xiriira raadinta khasnadaha la xaday. Tusaale ahaan, cryptogram ku Levasseur - hoggaamiyaha tuugo, marka hore ay hayeen in Caribbean, ka dibna Badweynta Hindiya, ayaa weli xallin ilaa maantadan la joogo.

badeednimada sharciyeysan

Jaleecada hore waxa laga yaabaa in ay u muuqato la yaab leh in boqortooyinkii Yurub naftooda ilaa xad, sababa waxqabadka loo arag burcad badeed, kuwaas oo la dambe Colnimo diriray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa.

Holland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain iyo France ee qarniyo XVI-XVII ah. Waxay u tartamaan deegaanada cusub iyo eegidda ganacsiga adduunka. tiirarka ee halganka this ahaayeen mid aad u sarreeya, sidaas darteed ku lug leh iyada alaabooyinka gobolka dayacay markuu u yimid in ay doorashada ee hab.

Oo saas aawadeed waxaa jiray privateering a - badeednimada sharciyeeyay. shatiyada ugu horeysay ee maraakiibta ganacsiga dhac xoog cadowga ayaa lagu abaalmariyey in labada dhinac ee gaarka loo leeyahay oo keliya muddo ah ee colaadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa ka mid ahaa in dhadhanka capers dhaqso u lahayn in ay ka baxaan hab fudud in ay helaan iyo ka dib markii ay dhamaystirka.

Sida ay sheegayaan wararka qaar ka mid ah, la iibiyay Olivier Levasseur uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka bilaabay sida privateer ah, tooasoo maraakiibta Spanish Badweynta Atlantic ah oo ku hadlaya magaca Dowladda France. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu dhakhsaha badan uu, sida badan oo saaxiibo uu ganacsiga, door bidaan in ay "shaqo" naftooda on.

Burcad-badeednimada ee Caribbean

dhac Sea ayaa ciyaaray door muhiim ah ee gumaysigii ee Ameerika iyo habka of raasamaal heer hoose ee caasimadda ee Western Europe. Inta badan kooxaha burcad badeeda iyo privateers ahaayeen Dutch, Faransiiska,, Isbaanish ah Ingiriisi iyo Portuguese.

In bartamihii qarnigii XVII ah. Waxaa bilaabay muddo by taariikhyahan yeedhay da'da dahab ah oo dhac badda. Waxa uu socon doono oo ku saabsan 80 sano, iyo saaxadda ugu weyn ee hawlaha burcad badeeda ee Caribbean ayaa noqday, halkaas oo dardartay Markab dahab, tubaakada, lacag, indigo, sonkor iyo badeecooyin kale.

By dhammaadkii qarnigii la mid ah ugu dambeyntii markii dowladda gumeysiga kala qaybiyey goobo saamayneed, waxay si wadajir ah u bilaabay by ciribtirka dhaca badda ee Caribbean. Sababtan darteed, dad badan oo ka mid ah burcad badeeda, iyaga ka mid ah Olivier Levasseur, u guuray meelo kale oo caalamka ah si habsami leh ay u sii wadaan kalluumeysiga sharci darrada ah.

Man Aan Hore a

macluumaad lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ku saabsan asalka ah ee Levasseur ma noolaadaan. Qaar ka mid ah cilmi-waxay aaminsan yihiin in waxa ay iska leeyihiin qoyska la mid ah sida in of Pol Levassor - badeed kale oo Faransiis ka Calais. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caddaymo documentary ah oo la xiqiijiyay in tani ma aha.

Sidoo kale waxaa jira warar sheegaya in ciyaaryahanka Olivier ku dhashay la Tortuga - jasiiradaha Caribbean ee, halkaas oo in ka 40eeyaha ee qarnigii XVII taliyaha ahaa Fransua Levassor. Haddii ay sidaas tahay, ka dibna waxaa leh oo sharaf leh qoys ka Conyer (Department Maine).

Isla sidaas u dhaqmaan sanadka dhalashada Olive Levassora. Taariikhda saxda ah lama oga. Inta badan waxa uu ku dhashay inta u dhaxaysa 1680 iyo 1690. isha keliya ee la xiriira waqtiga Olivier Levasseur ugaadhsado Badda Caribbean, ka dibna Badweynta Hindiya, waa "taariikhda oo ka mid ah burcad badeeda ugu caansan," Charles Johnson, lagu daabacay 1720

socdaalka qasbay

Inta lagu jiro dagaalkii of Succession Spain (1701-1714 GG.), Xukuumadda Louis XIV privateers shatiyada si deeqsinimo leh u qaybiyey dhaceen maraakiibta badweynta Atlantic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii dhamaadka France biiray isbahaysiga awoodaha Yurub u qotonsaday inay ciribtirka burcad-badeednimada ee gobolka.

Waxaa la og yahay in 1716 Levasseur, naaneeso La Buse amray shaqaale ah oo 70 Burcad badeed. Ka saaciday inay ku Caribbean, waxay si guul dhacay Holland, maraakiibta Spain iyo Ingiriiska ay si Europe ama America.

Ilaa waqti isku mid ah in Bahamas kulmeen burcad badeeda ah, halkaas oo ay intooda badan u codeeyay in ay meelo ammaan ah u guurto, sida ololaha ka dhanka ah dhac badda helay hawl-wadeeno. Ka mid ah kuwa go'aansaday in ay u hayaamaan, oo ahaa burcad badeed ah Olivier Levasseur.

In biyaha badweynta Hindiya

West Africa ayaa noqotay meeshii uu ugaadhsado dhac ku 1718-1719 GG. wada jir ah ula saraakiishii Coquelin iyo Davis. Dhacayay ugu yaraan 15 markab oo afka webiga Sierra Leone, waxay qaybsadeen. Wakhtigan, burcad Faransiiska iyo shaqaalihii galay Badweynta Hindiya via ee Cape of Good Hope.

In xagaagii 1720, mid ka mid ah Comoros markab burbureen Levasseur. Kooxda soo gaaray England iyo Taylor - labadii sirkaal oo maraakiibta burcad badeedda. Soon England ayaa la dejiyey oo ku degay jasiiradda Mauritius, iyo in uu meel loo doortay Levasseur.

Oo ay la socdaan Taylor, waxay qabsadeen laba weel ugu horeysay oo Carbeed, ka dibna ku shuban koox dad ah Ingiriiska, taas oo si Company bariga Hindiya lahaayeen. Saaridda ahaa weyn, oo waxay helay takhaluso burcad badeeda ee baayacmushtariyaasha Dutch faa'iido magaalada Indian of Cochin. Oo halkaasna waxay dib ugu noqdeen jihada of Mauritius.

koob heer sare ah

Maamleedna qodobada iyo dayactirka Markabka, iyadoo Levasseur Taylor madax waayo, Madagascar. On ay maraan jidkii jiifay Reunion Island, ka dibna loo yaqaan Bourbon. Burcad isaga soo dhawaaday 8 April 1721 oo laga helay waddooyinka markab Portuguese, garaacayeen by duufaanka.

Wixii macluumaad ah oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka la socday waxaa laga heli karaa in ka archives of dalalka kala duwan ee Yurub, maxaa yeelay, wixii uu ugaadhsaday qabtay koox burcad badeed, waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah ugu weyn ee taariikhda burcad-badeednimada.

Saarnaa flagship reer Portugal ee doonnida ahaa Archbishop iyo hadha ee Goa, laakiin ugu muhiimsan - the buurta diamond, dahabka, dhar qaali ah, alaabta guriga, iyo lacagta, iyo buljoonka dahab ah, maacuunta, walxaha rasmi ah, lacag, iwm Taariikhyahanada ayaa ku qiyaasay in qiimaha dheeman oo kaliya. sarrifka maanta duwan tahay 3 ilaa 4 milyan oo doolar.

dhibaato

Spoils ka dhacay Madagascar. Mid kasta oo helay 42 diamond iyo 4000 pounds. Bilowga ee qarnigii XVIII ah - waxay ahayd kahdo Xoolo in loo ogol yahay live si raaxo leh in Europe.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee burcad badeeda iyo in aysan ku fikirin in uu ka tago ganacsiga faa'iido. Waxaa la og yahay in 1722, iyana waxay dhaceen wax markab ah Arab, en wadada ka Shiinaha in sheyga, ka dibna u dhaqaaqay Madagascar in Delagoa Bay (East Africa). ciidankii Dutch Local ma aha oo kaliya iskama burcad badeeda, laakiin sidoo kale si buuxda ayaa ku biiray safafka ay.

A bilood burcad yar ka qaaday in la dayactiro markabka iyo go'aan ka waxa la sameeyo soo socda: inuu ku soo laabto Caribbean ama inuu sii joogo Badweynta Hindiya. In dhamaadka, Taylor dhoofeen xiray West ee, iyo Levasseur shaqaale ah oo 250 qof u tageen inay maraakiibta ganacsiga dhacaan xeebaha Bariga Afrika ilaa uu markabka, on bangiga, ma burburtay fadhiya. Tan iyo markaas, Levasseur degay Madagascar.

End of mustaqbalkiisa

Reunion Island ee 1642dii noqday gumeysi a Faransiis. waxaa Madagascar kala by kaliya 700 km. In 1724 oo ahaa taliyihii jasiiradda yaboohay Levasseur oo uu cafis burcad haddii ay jebiyaan leh burcad-badeednimada iyo in ay u guuraan Reunion. Doonaya waxaa jiray waxoogaa yar. Inta badan, oo ay ku jiraan La Buzás diiday.

Lixdii sano ee soo socota ay sii si ay u helaan mid ka mid ah Badweynta Hindiya, samaynta salkeeda jasiirad yar oo ka mid ah Sainte Marie. In 1730kii Kabtanka markabka "Medusa" khiyaanada Faransiis qabtay Levasseur qabtay oo loo keenay in silsilado si Reunion. Halkan burcad muuqatay ka hor maxkamadda, taas oo ku xukuntay in la deldelay.

Waxaa lagu xamanayaa in mid ka mid ah xubnaha Golaha, kaas oo xukumi jiray jasiiradda, gaar ahaan si firfircoon diriray ku saabsan qabashada iyo fulinta La Buzás sidii loogu tala galay in ay hantiyaan maalkiisa. Haddii ay taasi waa run, waxay u badan tahay waxaa yaabiyay, by waxa soo socda ku dhacay.

qarsoodiga maalka

dil ayaa ka dhacay July 1730kii on square ugu weyn ee Saint-Paul, kuwaas oo ahaa wakhtigaas xarunta maamulka ee jasiiradda. Ka hor inta aadan Buur mambar ah, burcad badeeda ka tuuray dadkii badnaa galay warqad, isagoo sheegay in ay u heli lahayd maalka qof kasta oo rayi karaa diiwaanka.

Fallaagadii aaminsan yihiin in sheekada Halyeeyga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira runtii waa cryptogram ah. Iyo ku dhawaad saddex qarniyo maalka Olive Levassora sii noqnoqon maskaxda ugaarsadaha dalal kala duwan. Tani waa la fahmi karo, la siin size ee ugaadha loo qabtay burcad Portuguese ee 1721 Laakiin waxaa kaliya ahaa mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ee mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee La Buzás.

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, laakiin wuxuu maalka Olive Levassora sii si uu u doondoono in maalmood our ku saabsan jasiiradaha xeebaha badweynta India, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Madagascar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa iyo haatan ma jiro mid ka mid ah wuxuu xaq u leeyahay decrypt cryptogram burcad saanacyada ah. Sidaa darteed, ee taariikhda khasnadihii dhibic La Buzás hore dhigay.