Peter Lavrov: Biography, hawlaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov (1828-1900) waxaa loo yaqaan mid ka mid ah ideologists weyn ee Ruush Narodnichestvo. Ugu hal mar uu lahaa saamayn badan on formation of dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan ee dalkeenna. Dulsaarka iyo cilmiga ay cilmiga iyo falsafada ah in la fahmo habdhaqanka of intelligentsia si xaaladda dhaqan-siyaasadeed ee Russia ee qeybtii labaad ee qarnigii 19aad, iyo sidoo kale saadaasha of burburkii Bolshevism.

qoyska

Peter Lavrov ka sharaf qoyska ka mid ah si fiican u yaqaan yimid. Aabbihiis, S. Laurel, soo shaqeeyay ciidanka ka oo ka qeyb galay ka mid ah War 1812. Wuxuu ahaa saaxiibo wata madaxii kii reer Chancellery Imperial iyo degsiimooyinka military Alekseem Arakcheevym, kuwaas oo ku riyaaqay kalsoonida buuxda ee Alexander the Great. Dagaalka ka dib, L. S. Lavrov fariistay la darajo ah kornayl of madaafiic iyo guursaday Elizabeth Karlovna Gandvig. Waxay ka Russified sharaf qoyska Swedish yimid, oo waxaa lagu dhammaataan sameeyay ay waqti. In 1823, sannadka ay dhashay wiil, Peter. Waqtiga uu ku dhashay qoyska noolaa on Melekhovo xaafadda ku yaalla gobolka Pskov.

Peter Lavrovich Lavrov: Biography gaaban (dhalinyarada)

Sida kuwa kale ee facooda uu ka abtirsan jiray, Faylasuuf mustaqbalka soo bilaabo yaraantooda barashada afafka qalaad. Gaar ahaan, ay sabab u tahay hooyada iyo barahaaga khibrad leh waxa aad u aroor hore Faransiis iyo Jarmal ah addoonsada.

In 1837, Peter Lavrov diray inay St. Petersburg, halkaas oo uu si guul leh uga gudbay imtixaanka iyo diiwaan gashan ee School of madaafiicda. Inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada uu at this dugsiga sare military qiimaha ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo cadeeyay inuu yahay arday ku dadaala oo waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay ardayga ugu fiican ee Academician M. Ostrogradskii. guulaha ahaayeen si daran in ka dib markii la helo uu shahaadada repetitorstvovat tagay dugsiga hooyo uu. In barbar waxbarashada, Peter Lavrov madax banaan bartay suugaanta cilmiyeed ku saabsan cilmiga bulshada iyo dhaqaalaha, gabayada qorayey oo samaynaya cilmi-baaris oo duurka ku ah xisaabta. aragti Great isaga dhigay shuqullada ku hantiwadaagnimadu lkn.

xirfadiisa dheeraad ah

barahaaga dhallinyarada ee Xisaabeed Sciences ugu dhaqsaha badan helay aqoonsi by asxaabta iyo waxaa loo magacaabay macalinka military ee Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy ee St. Petersburg, anigoo goor wanaagsan in taliyuhu uu kornayl. In 1860 wuxuu ahaa wareejiyay Konstantinovsky School Military, halkaas oo uu tusaale observer dhowr sano.

nolosha Personal

In 1847, Peter Lavrov guursaday qurux badan carmal-AH Loveyko. Guurka la hooyada labo carruur ah, iyo xataa Jarmal ah ee asalkiisa (nee Kapger) leexiyo Laura Stepanovich, kuwaas oo ku riyoonaya inuu kulan cajiib ah wiilkeeda. Sidaas darteed, Butros ayaa u diiday taageero dhaqaale ee waalidka. Waqti ka, lamaanahan muuqday afar more wiilal iyo gabdho ah oo guud, samaynta booska wax ka mid ah qoyska waa ka sii sugnayn. Si bartey "bax," Lavrov ayaa lagu qasbay si ay u helaan umeerin lacag "dhinaca" oo waxaad ku qortaa articles gaar ah "Artillery Journal". Xaaladda ayaa wanaagsan isku baddalay dhimasho aabbihiis iyo walaalkiis ka weyn, markii Butros Lavrovich dhaxal wanaagsan helay ka dib.

hawlaha suugaanta iyo sayniska

Inkastoo dhibaatada nolosha, ku tuseysa inuusan Peter Lavrov waqti si ay u sahamiyaan shuqullada ugu caansan ee faylosuufiinta Yurub uu waqti, gabayo daabacay A. I. Gertsena, ka qayb Abuuridda "Encyclopedic Dictionary" articles la daabacay on falsafada iyo cilmiga, iyo sidoo kale arrimaha anshaxa guud , suugaanta, farshaxanka iyo waxbarashada dadweynaha.

Intaa waxaa dheer, in uu buugga ugu horeysay waxaa la daabacay 1860. In shaqo this, xaq sida "maqaalo ku saabsan arrimaha falsafada wax ku ool ah," Lavrov ku dooday in qofka moral geli kari maayo khilaafka bulshada, taas oo Dulmi taliya. In aragtidiisa, bulshada ku haboon noqon karaa oo kaliya nidaam ku salaysan urur iskaa wax u qabso ee dadka moral oo lacag la'aan ah.

The xiray oo la masaafuriyey

In 1860 Peter Lavrovich Lavrov, Biography ah kaas oo kor ku qoran, oo ah arday firfircoon iyo mooshin kacaan. Waxa uu noqday ciyaar saaxiibtinimo la N. G. Chernyshevskim oo noqday xubin ka mid ah ururka ugu horeeya ee "Land iyo Freedom".

April 4, 1866 irdaha D. Summer Jannada Karakozov at sameeyey isku day on Alexander II. Waxay ahayd nasiib darro, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dhigay cadaadis ka soo gaaray by ay ka mid yihiin Peter Lavrov. Wuxuu waxaa la xiray oo lagu eedeeyay "faafiyo fikradaha waxyeelada leh" iyo in xiriir la Chernyshevsky, Mikhailov iyo Professor Pavlov. Ka dib markii xabsiga gaaban iyo maxkamadda isaga soo diray link a si ay Gobolka Vologda. Halkaas oo uu ka 1867 ku noolaa in ay 1870 oo la kulmay xisbiga musaafuriyay ee kacdoonkii Polish A. Chaplitsky, kuwaas oo noqotay naagtiisii caadi ah-sharciga.

"Historical Waraaqaha"

In la masaafuriyey, Peter Lavrovich Lavrov qoray wanaagsan ee loo yaqaan shuqulladiisa dhaqan-siyaasadeed, soo food intelligentsia ku horusocod Ruush.

Uu "Historical Waraaqaha" ku baaqay in dadka dhallinyarada ah ilaa toosi iyo fahmo dhibaatada xilligan taariikhiga ah, iyo sidoo kale dadka caadiga ah u baahan tahay, caawin isaga ogaadaan xooggiisa. muuqaalka kore ee wax soo saarka oo intaasu waxay ahayd in ka badan waqtigii, sida intelligentsia ku kacaan waxay ahayd in search of awoodaha cusub ee codsiga ciidamada. "Historical Waraaqaha" Lavrov ahaayeen "sacbiyaan onkod" iyo mid ka mid ah motivators fikirka ururka shaqada la taaban karo ee intelligentsia ku kacaan.

Biography (Peter Lavrov) ka dib 1870

Ka dib markii ka soo laabtay kacaan maxaabiis ahaan u suurtagashay in ay si sharci darro ah dalka ka baxdo oo taga si Paris. Waxaa uu helay in la xiriiri wakiilada dhaqdhaqaaqa shaqada Yurub Western oo ku biiray waxaan Caalamiga ah. Inta lagu jiro muddada la hadlo Paris ka tageen inay London iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in uu abaabulo samatabbixinta oo ka mid ah saaxiibo ah ayuu hareereeyey.

Intii uu joogay caasimadda ah ee Boqortooyada Ingiriiska Lavrov la Marx iyo Somalisch kulmay.

In sano ee 1873-1877 kacaan noqday editor of Macalester "Forward" oo magac la mid ah wargeyska a 2-toddobaadka - jihada geesihii loona Ruush, loo yaqaan "lavrizmom". Ka dib dilkii Alexander II, Peter Lavrovich noqday saaxiibtinimo la Shacabka. xitaa wuxuu isku raacay in la saxaa "Bulletin Shacabka ee Will" la L. Tikhomirov.

Isla mar ahaantaana sii kordhaya sharaftoodii caalamiga ah. Waxaa ugu Filan in aan idhaahdo in July 1889, xubno ka mid ah xisbiga Armenian Gnchak - Xisbiga ugu horeysay Socialist, taas oo uu leeyahay xafiis on dhulka Faaris iyo Boqortooyadii Cismaaniyadda, Peter Lavrov awood u leeyihiin inay u matalo shirweynaha of International Labaad.

sano ee la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa

Ilaa maalmood ee ugu danbeysay, Peter Lavrov sii Liaison leh dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la gaaro dhamaadka oo uu naftiisa ka xiiseynayo arrimaha la xiriira taariikhda falsafada. Sidaas darteed uu cilmi baadhis la qoray shuqullada teori dhowr, oo ay ku jiraan hawsha allifaadda ku "fahamka ee hawlaha taariikhda."

Peter Lavrov, fikradda wayn waxa ay ahaayeen ku saleysan dhaqdhaqaaqa Dadka, ku dhintay Paris ee 1900, da'doodu tahay 72 sano jir ah oo waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha of Montparnasse.

Ka dib markii uu ka tagay dhaxal badan suugaanta, oo ay ku jiraan 825 shuqulladooda iyo 711 warqado. Waxa uu sidoo kale waa qoraaga daraasiin gabayo siyaasadeed, ka mid ah taas oo si gaar ah loo jecel yahay "Working France", laga bilaabo ereyada "ka laaban dunida jir ah ...", kaas oo music dambe la qoray. In labada sano ee ugu horreeya ee qarniga 20aad, this song ay ahayd mid ka mid ah inta badan la sameeyaa inta lagu guda jiro weerar, weerar, iyo sidoo kale miyi ah oo kacaan ah, iyo in ka sano ee hore ee xoogga Soviet iyo ku xigeenadiisa dadka.

views falsafada

The sayniska si rasmi ah u aqbalay in Lavrov in eclecticism. Oo tanu waxay tahay waa laga caddeeyey, tan iyo markii ay falsafada positivist-agnostitsisticheskoy, wuxuu isku dayay inuu isku daro nidaamka Hegel, F. Lange, Feuerbach, Comte, Proudhon, Spencer, Chernyshevsky, Bakunin iyo Marx.

Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, sheekada ka dhiga moral oo la sameeyay laga tirada badan yahay a on iyaga u gaar ah, si hawsha ugu horeysa ee kacaan waa in la horumariyo haboon a moral.

In 1870s halkaas joogay raacsan sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda Lavrov ayaa, waxa loogu yeero bashentsev kooxda. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu noqday hogaamiyaha ayaa qiray ee garabka midig ee ku kacaan ee Empire Ruush ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaaladda this ma dheer ma socon, iyo Taageerayaasha ugu dhakhsaha badan ee uu fikirka ku wajahan Bakuninism xagjirka ah oo dheeraad ah u soo jeestay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, lavrizm kaalin ku lahayn diyaarinta xubnaha mustaqbalka ka mid ah wareegyada ugu horeysay bulshada-dimuqraadi ah.

Hadda oo aad ogtahay kuwa P. Lavrov ah. Sida mid ka mid ah xubnaha dhowr ka mid ah dadkii ku abtirsan ah kuwaas oo dadaal ku doonayeen inay hagaajiyo xaaladda ka mid ah shaqaalaha iyo beeralay, Peter Lavrovich aan la illaawin maamulka gobolka ugu horreeyey ee shaqaalaha iyo beeralay ee dunida. Gaar ahaan, waddada Furshtatskaya waxaa magacooda loo baxshay Leningrad ee uu sharaf. Maaddaama ay maanta, caan badan Petrograd Palace Petra Lavrova, halkaas oo xafladaha arooska waxaa la qabtaa. Oo waa arrin calaamad, sida Faylasuuf caan ah hal mar deeqay dhaqaale ladnaanta aawadood oo uu guur naagtii uu jecel yahay, ka dibna iyada la noolaa soddon sannadood ku faraxsanahay.