Taariikhda Zaporizhzhya Sich

Qaar badan waxay aaminsan yihiin in Sich Zaporizhzhya ah - waa mid ka mid ah iyo horumarinta oo kaliya, waxay ahayd in meesha ee jasiiradda Khortytsya, laakiin waa fikrad khaldan ilaa xad ah. Dhab ahaantii, hoos taariikhda magaca this ayaa isku daro tiro ka mid ah xarumaha of Cossacks Dnieper ah, kuwaas oo ku guulaystay kasta oo kale ee taxanahan. Oo iyagu waxay ahaayeen goobo kala duwan hoose ee Dnieper ah, xagga koonfureed oo dalka ka Rapids Dnieper (Halkan magaca "Zaporozhye" ka).

First Zaporizhzhya Sich - waa qalcaddayda Khortytsia (Khortytsia Sich), la aasaasay 1552 by Prince Dmitriem Vishnevetskim jasiiradda of Little Khortytsya. Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey by ciidamada Turkish Crimean durba 1557, laakiin iyada fikrad - xerada ciidamada iyo sidoo kale-deyr leh - ugu dhakhsaha badan dib u soo nooleeyey qaab ka mid ah ururada soo socda Sich.

Guud ahaan, taariikhda Zaporozhye Sech leedahay sideed Sich, kuwaasoo mid walba uu ka soo 5 ilaa 40 sano jiray, Khortytsia, Tomakovskaya, Bazavlutskaya, Nikitinskaya, Chertomlytskaya, Kamensky, Aloshkovskaya iyo Podpolnenskaya.

Waa maxay waxaa xoog batay caadooyinka iyo dhaqamada? Waxaa la og yahay, tusaale ahaan, in soo dhaweynta ee Sech lab lahaa in ay lacag la'aan ah, aan la qabin, in Yukreeniyaan dhihi Cad Orthodox (ama christened in la aaminsan yahay xagjir ah). Ka dib markii la ansaxiyo Cossacks ah, oo wuxuu lahaa oo ay u qaataan tababar military, kaas oo socday ku saabsan toddoba sannadood.

Awoodda kaliya ee xerada ahaa Rada, oo xalin oo dhan su'aalo muhiim ah. Rada maray October 1, ka dibna January 1 iyo maalinta labaad ama saddexaad ee Easter. Sidoo kale, Baarlamaanka la isugu kara wakhti kasta at codsi ka yimid intooda badan Cossacks ah. Go'aamada qaatay at Baarlamaanka waa waajib qof walba.

Beesha ee ku Cossacks of Zaporozhye Sech magacaabay Kosh. Waxa uu la wadaago 38 sigaar ah, taas oo ah ciidan oo kala duwan. kuren kasta ka dhowr tobanaan dhowr boqolaal Cossack. Intaa waxaa dheer, erayga "sigaar" ahaa macnaha kale - ". Aqal military ah" dhismaha la deggan yahay si loo yaqaan, taas oo ay jirto ahaa

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in dhamaan go'aanada la qaaday at RAD ah, Zaporizhzhya Sich lahaa Suurad, taas oo ataman. Intaa waxaa dheer in ay xafiiska ugu weyn, oo wuxuu lahaa oo xaq u leeyahay inuu saxiixo weedhaha dhimashada ee soo maleegay Cossacks ah. Gaar ahaan dembiyo culus yihiin kuwa soo socda: dilka Cossack Cossack kale; kasta, xataa yar, xatooyo, dagaalamaan halka sarkhaansan, Caasinimadooda; boob dadka deegaanka.

About Zaporozhye Cossacks, ay adkeysiga, geesinimada, non-caadiga ah hababka halganka ahaayeen badan oo ka mid ah halyeeyada. Iyo xaqiiqda ah ay weli tahay - waxay si guul leh karin colka xoog leh, oo tiro badan oo si fiican u hubaysan.

In 1775, Ruushka Empress Catherine II saxiixday bayaanka, sida uu sheegay oo Zaporizhzhya Sich ah, ma aha oo kaliya la wada baabbi'iyey, laakiin si rasmi ah loogu tiriyey gobol Novorossiysk, afjaridda is a Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Sababaha go'aankan khaas ahayd mid ku salaysan dhacdooyinka dhowr.

Waa midda koowaade, Russia ayaa qalinka ku duugay qandaraas Crimean Khanate on kaas oo u heshay in ay helaan Badda Madow, sidaa darteed loo baahanyahay in la ilaaliyo xuduudaha koonfurta waayay. Iyo marka labaad, Cossacks ah sida firfircoon ee caasinimo ah Pugachev, sidaas Catherine II ka cabsaday in faafinta fallaago iyo deel Zaporizhzhya.

June 5, 1775 bilaabay badanoo faragelintii Zaporizhzhya Sich. Ciidamada Ruush hogaaminayay General-Lieutenant Peter habeen Zaporozhye TEQELna waxaa yimid. Waxay soo gaaray maalin Cossacks ku dabaal yuletide cagaaran oo aan diyaar u ahaayeen in ay la dagaallamaan. Sida ay natiijada ballantaas ay Tekeli Zaporizhzhya Sich waxaa soo dhiibay dagaal la'aan. The khasnadda iyo kaydka ayaa la wareegay. Ka dib markii in, Sich Zaporizhzhya gebi ahaanba uu madfac.

Ka dib markii badanoo ka mid ah ay Sich Cossacks biiray madaxda sare ee ciidamada ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka, iyo saajin hore noqday kuwii gobta ahaa. Peter Kalnyshevsky, ee la soo dhaafay ataman Zaporozhye Sech ah, waxa loo musaafuriyay keniisad ah Solovetsky, halkaas oo uu qabriga 28 sano ku qaatay ilaa dhimashadiisii. Qaar ka mid ah Cossacks ka tagay Turkey, halkaas oo ay ku aasaasay Danubian Sich ah, taas oo aysan awoodin in ay sugaan ilaa 1828. Transdanubia Cossacks diriray dhinaca Turkiga, iyo sidoo kale ka qayb qaatay xakamaynta of ifbixii.