Yaa helay Jacaylku dhab ahaantii?

Jiritaanka qaaradda lixaad aragti ahaan dadka ka ogahay xagga bilowgii qarnigii XVI ka. duulaan The Amerigo Vespuchchi 1501-1502 GG. Waxaa sahamiyey ee latitudes horjeeda ee Hemisphere ka Koonfureed oo ku degay xeebaha jasiiradda of South Georgia. Guurto on in ay Navigator baallaha hortago qabow, baraf adag iyo hummocks. Ka dib markii in, waxa qarsoon ee Jacaylku soo jiitay in ay iyada soo saar. On the maps of qaaradda dheer muuqatay ka hor inta aysan u degay si ay cagta ee nin, iyo xataa ilaa wakhtigii ay dadka ugu horeysay dalka daboolay by baraf arkay. Markii hore waxa la filayay, in qaaradda this waa tip koonfureed ee Latin America ama xataa Australia, sida, tusaale ahaan, inay soo ee 1513 map Pirireisa.

Laakiin Jacaylku kuwaas oo la furay ugu horreeyey? Oo bal maxaa "helay"? Waxaan arkaa? Waxaan u degay? Waxaan wax tara oo calanka? Munaasabaddan, ma jiro iswaafiqitaan. Ruush aaminsan yihiin in sharafta reer furitaanka qaaradda lahaa duulaan reer Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev (January 1820), halka Ingiriisku ay aaminsan yihiin in Jacaylku helay Edward Bransfild (ee January 1820). Americans abaal guulaheenna of discoverer ee qaaradda cusub Nathaniel Palmer (November 1820). Dhammaan saddex ka mid ah sahamo kaliya arkay hilaaca xeebta cirka, laakiin ma ay awoodaan in ay helaan meel u dhow iyaga sababtoo ah meel baraf weyn. Fikirka ugu horeeya ee si maalmo calanka dalkooda France Dumont d'Urville, laakiin intuu saas yeelayay, sida ay u soo baxay, jasiiradda, laakiin aan on goob weyn oo ah dhulka.

Holland ay jawaab u gaar ah si ay su'aasha ah kuwaas oo helay Jacaylku. Sida laga soo xigtay iyaga, waxaa sameeyey Kabtanka markabka ee Dirk Geeritts soo laabtay 1559. duufaanka in cabaadeen in ka dib markii ay Strait of Magellan, markabka laga badiyay xiriir la koox dad ah oo si qalad ah u soo diray inuu koonfureed. Marka yeero, Holland arkay "sare" iyo aqoonsaday wadataa ay - 64 ° S. w. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Geeritts marnaba sheegan in ay discoverer ee qaaradda, iyo garan mayno waxa uu by "sare" loogu tala galay - waxa laga yaabaa inay ahayd mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha, kuwaas oo qaar badan oo on shelf ee qaaradda.

Bishii Janaayo 1773, Dzheyms Kuk soo dhawaaday on maraakiibta «Resolution» iyo «Adventure» si S. 67 ° ' w., halkaas oo uu la joojiyey by baraf. nasan maayo on dhigano guulaheenna, ayuu u soo noqday sanadka soo socda oo waxay gaadhay 71 ° 15 'loolka koonfurta, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida uu u dhaqaaqo koonfur-galbeed ee Tierra del Fuego, dalka uu marna soo gaadhay, oo xataa ma aanan arkin. Laakiin u dhaw xeebta waynaha lahaa nasiib markabka American "Cecilia," sanad ka dib markii duulaan reer Russia ee 1821. Laakiin dadka ha xeebta tagaan. Haddii xaakinka kuwa helay Jacaylku dul degtey, oo halkan aan ka heli discordance ah.

taariikhda rasmiga ah ee soo degtey ugu horeysay aadanaha on barafka continental shelf oo aanay ka mid ahayn dahsoon this ee dalka waxaa loo arkaa inay January 23, 1895. sharaf in laba noorwiijiga u dhacay, oo ahaa sirkaalkii doon ah "Jacaylku" Christensen iyo rakaabka Karlstenu Borhgrovinku, oo macallin ka ah ee sayniska dabiiciga ah. macalinka, dhab ahaantii, ka fog sheegashada hami aaminsiiyey markab warshadaha jiido kabtanka dekedda doon iyo biyaha xeebta. Waxaa Borhgrovink ururiyay baarka dhagax weyn dhagaxyada iyo ku tilmaamay waxa uu arkay planus ka Antarctic. Laakiin halkan ka saynisyahano Argentine murmi eegidda of Norway, isagoo sheegay in si aad u ogaato kan furay Jacaylku, waa wax aan macquul aheyn, maxaa yeelay, dadkii kuwaas oo aan la tegey wax caddeyn qoraal ah. Qadiimiga ah ayaa laga helay on xeebaha ee dhulweynaha ayaa weli ka mid ah guryaha iyo maacuunta, wixii tan iyo bilowgii qarnigii XVIII taariikhda. whalers dahsoon dhalasho oo aan la garanayn ayaa qaaday inuu qarsoodiga u qabriga.

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, mudnaanta of duulaan Ruushka aadanaha waa la dafiri karin. Bellingshausen iyo Lazarev dulmaray waynaha iyo cadaato in uu ku hareereysan badaha. Weather ee Jacaylku ma aha sahla waxay u dallici qoto dheer, oo xataa xagaaga waxaa jira barafka cover barafka. Waxa ay ahayd isaga u mahad in qaarada waa tan sarreysa - sarajooggeeduna wuxuu celcelis ahaan in ka badan 2 kun oo mitir, iyo meesha ugu sarreysa (Vinson Massif) - 5140 mitir. Furitaanka of Jacaylku keentay qorshe ah oo aan ka yarayn hami iyo khatar aadanaha si aad u hesho in ay South reer Poland. Lavra ogaado dhibic ugu koonfureed ee dhulkeenna ka tirsan Amundsen (1911-12.).