Qaab dhismeedka DNA aadanaha

jiritaanka arrinta ku nool ay sabab u tahay jiritaanka acids nucleic. F. Miescher horeysay walxahan waxay go'doonka ka ah nuclei leukocyte (1869). Later ay laga helay dhammaan unugyada nool noolaha (dadka, xoolaha, dhirta, bakteeriyada iyo fayraska).

acid Nucleic - nucleoproteins group Prostatic. hydrolysis ah ee acids nucleic helay saldhigyada nitrogenous (adenayn, saytosayn, gu'anayn, uracil iyo thaymiin), pentoses (deoxyribose, ribose), iyo phosphate acid. Marka la eego ka kooban lagmamaarmaanna, acids nucleic tilmaamay galay deoxyribonucleic (DNA) iyo acid ribonucleic (RNA). Dhismaha DNA aadanaha waxaa ka mid ah deoxyribose, in RNA - ribose. acids Kuwani ku kala duwan yihiin qaab-dhismeedka kelli, saldhigyada nitrogenous halabuurka, deegaamaynta gacanta, iyo dabcan, hawlaha. Biosoedineniya Britain oo ka kooban purine ama pyrimidine saldhig iyo monosaccharides (ribose ama deoxyribose), loo yaqaan nucleosides. Title nucleoside goostay saldhiga nitrogenous, kaas oo la dhexdeeda ku jira. Sayidka, nucleoside ah in ka mid ah gudahood ay qaab-dhismeedka of Britain adenayn waxaa lagu magacaabaa adenosine, thaymiin - thymidine, uracil - uridine, saytosayn - cytidine, gu'anayn - guanosine. Iyada oo ku xidhan monosaccharides (pentoses) in ay yihiin qayb ka mid ah u taagoo kala ribonucleosides iyo deoxyribonucleosides.

DNA Human - salaysan kiimikada ah ee hiddo, kaas oo macluumaad hidaha ee u shaqeeyo waxaa ku urursan. Ku kooban inta badan in ay nuclei unugyada, la doorbidayo in koromosoomyada ah. Inta lagu guda jiro hydrolysis of nucleotides DNA loo sameeyay: dezoksiadenilovaya (A) dezoksiguanilovaya (T) dezoksitsitidilovaya (U) iyo thymidylic (T) acids. Mararka qaarkood nucleotides ogaado in sideeda oo tiro yar taagayo kale ee purines iyo pyrimidines - salka yar: 5-oksimetiltsitozin (in bacteriophages), 5-methylcytosine (ee unugyada ee thymus ah), iyo kuwo kale. Nucleotides ku xiran yihiin in silsilad polynucleotide ah buundooyinka (DNA) oxygen sameeyay hydroxyl sabab - hadhay ee phosphate acid mid nucleotide iyo kooxda hydroxyl ee carbon saddexaad ee ka hadhay labaad ee la eb nucleotide deoxyribose.

nucleotide hoy xigxiga The Britain DNA waxbarasho aadanaha by horumarintooda (SOMA seguence -. waxbarasho ee taxanaha). Waayo, kanu Ujeedada, qalab sequencer taas oo ku salaysan falanqaynta computer meelaynta xigxiga nucleotide ballamay (ilaa boqol iyo unugyada) ah.

Tirada nucleotides ee u taagoo DNA yihiin aadanaha waa 25 000 - 35 000 ama wax ka badan, oo miisaankiisu kelli ah -. From dhowr million si ay 2-5 billion taagoo DNA "eeg" kartaa in microscope electron ah. Caddadka buuxda oo ka mid ah afar nooc oo nucleotides (A, G, C iyo T) ee u taagoo DNA ee asal ahaan kala duwan ku kala duwan yihiin safafka ballaaran.

Dhismaha hoose ee DNA

Crick iyo D. Watson ee 1953, la dhiso in Britain ay acid deoxyribonucleic waa silsilado double polynucleotide galool, socdeen warar ku wareegsan dhidibka. Aarayo ekaan jaranjarada muquuninta ah, taas oo la aasaasay rail harta deoxyribose bonds xiran fosfooraska-ether nooca 3 - 5, iyo tallaabooyinka - saldhig nitrogen. Adenayn ku xiran by bonds hydrogen thaymiin, gu'anayn - la saytosayn. Qaabeynta deoxyribonucleic acid waxaa laga yaabaa in Tifaftirayaasha iyo fidiyey. Tani waa qaab-dhismeedka DNA ee sare. bacteriophages Qaar ka mid ah laga helay DNA Britain keliya. Waayo, Britain acid deoxyribonucleic dhismeedka Dugsiyada Sare iyo Jaamacadaha sifo, taas oo la aasaasay by kulan labanlaab ku xayiran iyo foomamka wareeg ee DNA la superspiralizirovannyh iyo qaababka formation xiga spiralizirovannyh.