Wariye iyo qoraa Tom Vulf: Biography, hal-abuurka iyo xiiso leh xaqiiqooyinka

In aadanaha, ilaa hadda laga saaro suugaanta ee hadda jira, su'aasha ka dhalan kara: Yaa waa Tom Woolf?. Laakiin akhristayaasha sare ayaa muddo dheer ogyahay tiraab experimenter iyo saxaafadda, si uu tixaha xiiso iyo buugaagta aan qiyaaliga mahad. Sida mid ka mid ah uu helo jidka qoraaga?

Qoyska iyo Caruurta

Tom Vulf waxa uu ku dhashay on March 2, 1931 ee Richmond, Virginia. aabbe u ahaa qoraa mustaqbalka ahaa khabiir ku ah beeraha. Waxa uu hogaaminayo cilmi, qoraal articles sayniska iyo caanka ah ee wargeysyada. Hooyaday ahaa arday caafimaadka. dhalashada wiilkeeda ka dib markii, ay iskuulku kaga tagtay.

carruurnimada Tom ayaa ahayd arrin caadiga ah ee Maraykanka, dugsiga, isboortiga firfircoon. Haddii aan wiilka ka badan facooda uu akhriyo. carruurnimada in go'aamiyey xirfadda ah - in uu doonayo in uu noqdo qoraa keliya ah. Horeba ee 9 sano wuxuu ka dhigaa isku day the first to qori Biography ah Napoleon. Markaas abuuro buug la sawirada iyaga u gaar ah nolosha ee Mozart. Iyadoo waxbarasho ee Dugsiga Episcopal ah. St. Christopher, oo wuxuu noqday tifaftiraha wargayska degaanka. Xataa in sanadaha hore ayuu bilaabay ciyaarista kubada cagta. Waqti ka, nin waxay kor u soo bixi doona si ay semi-League.

formation

dugsiga sare ka dib, Tom Wolfe aado Washington iyo University Lee in Lexington. Inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada uu uu ka shaqeeyay edition Shenandoah of majaladda. Ka dib ka qalin jaamacad, Wolfe barataa at University Yale, halkaas oo uu ka helay doctorate ah ee "Studies Maraykanka". mawduuc ee uu ay PhD - "The Communist dhaqdhaqaaqa ka mid ah qorayaasha American 1927 42 sano." Waxa ay ahayd arrin ayuun iyo xitaa khatar ah. Oo waxay muujiyeen sida Wolfe diyaar u xirfadda saxaafadda. Ka dib markii kooxda difaacaneysa ka dhigeen dhowr jeedinta in la sii wado mustaqbalkiisa tacliimeed, laakiin, wuxuu soo xusuustay riyadiisa. Waxbarashadiisii ahayd tallaabo qasabka ah mid ka mid ah oo kaliya badan oo ku saabsan jidka si aad u socoto. Waxa uu mar walba rabay in aan noqdo saxafi ah oo iyaga u noqday.

Tallaabooyinka koowaad ee saxaafadda

Waayo aragnimadii uu u horeysay ee saxaafadda xirfadeed, Tom Wolfe ma sanadihii uu ardayga. In 1956, uu bilaabay inuu ka shaqeeyo wargeyska The Republican. Ka dib markii qalin-jabinta, wuxuu aqbalay dalab uga yimid wargeys ee gobolka Massachusetts - Springfield Midowga, halkaas oo uu ka soo shaqeeyay muddo saddex sano ah. Ka dib markii in, waxaa loogu yeedhay ee "Washington Post." Oo wuxuu kaloo sameeyey guusha ugu horeysay ee la taaban karo. In warqad this, ayuu qoray 315 agabka, taas oo saxar iyo sameeyay uu caan danbe "Baroque" style of qoraal.

Waxay ahayd markaa in uu bilaabay inuu tijaabada la qalabka afka iyo feed. Uu style cusub oo la dhisay on kulanka ee isku lidka ah. Wixii aragti guud oo ka mid ah dhacdooyinka kacaan in Cuba Wolfe waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Guild ee Press daabacday. Shaqaalaheenna caan ah uu dareen kaftan in qalab qoraal ah, iyo sidoo kale tijaabo guul la mid noqoshada ee farsamooyinka khayaaliga ah ee qoraalka saxaafadda. biographer Wolfe ayaa, Dzheyms Rouzen, ku tilmaamay inuu style - "saxaafadda xirmin", ka buuxa tibaaxaha iyo faallo bulshada qaniinyada. Calaamadahaasi waxay noqon Wariyaha brand yaqaan.

Life ee New York

In 1962, Tom Vulf dhaqaaqay New York at martiqaad ee wargeyska New York Herald Tribune. Halkanna wuxuu diiradda ku saabsan isbeddellada muhiimka ah ee bulshada. Man xiiso leh sahaminta "style nolosha" ee bulshada American, Mu'minaadka ah in ay tahay iyada oo fahamkooda iyo geli karin galay taariikhda iyo dhammaan sababaha dhacdooyinka maanta. Si degdeg ah guuxayay mustaqbalkiisa bilaabo wariye ku dhawaad kala gooyey weerar daba dheeraaday ee shaqaalaha wargeyska. Laakiin editor ee sare oo Esquire magazine - Byron Doubell - laga helay hab baxay xaaladda this. Wuxuu u soo diray Tom inuu sameeyo taxane ah oo articles ku saabsan dhaqanka ee baabuurta ka California qasbay. Sidaas daraaddeed, si lama filaan ah u muuqday iibsado Wolf abuuray oo caan ah.

"New Journalism"

In this article, waxaan isku dayi si ay u fahmaan waxa Tom Vulf. Biography, buugaagta, dib u eegista, xigashooyinka qoraalo caawin dhageystayaasha ogaado qofkan xiiso leh. statements waa weedho krydatymi run. Waxay dhex galay hadalka ah ee dhallinyarada Mareykanka sida dhigyo advertising. qudhiisa Wolfe halka fulinta hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee editor magazine Esquire, uu ahaa sidaas oo horana uu qoray taxane ah oo warar halkii amartay buug. Iyadoo aan ogayn wixii aad samayn leh sida qoraalka la asaasay, waxa kaliya isaga u Byron Doubellu diray. Qof kasta reading wax ka, waxa aan ogaaday in waxa uu noqon lahaa macbudyo dhacdaa si ay u leexdo xagga qoraalka caadiga ah saxaafadda. Oo waxaa isaga taxane ah oo sheekooyin copyright in waxaa la geeyaa qolalka dhowr ah oo uu magazine ka dhigaa. Qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha lagu faafiyey ee "megazine New York" iyo dhowr joornaalada kale.

Later, kuwaas oo qoraalka buuxda baxay oo ah qaab buug la horyaalka breathtaking: ". The Kandy-Kolored liin-daataa loo dardar Baby" Daabacaadan waxa uu ahaa progenitor ah nooc cusub oo suugaanta, oo cilmi ah ugu yeedhaan "saxaafadda cusub". Waxaa la soo ururiyay Dakatu iyo sharaxaada ee asluubta nolosha casriga ah American. geesiyaal Her yihiin xiddigaha ganacsiga show, isboortiga, warshadaha fashion, iyo sidoo kale milyaneerka, la yaso, hippies iyo punks. Tani jeex bulshada suxufiyiinta jidaynayey si ay u arkaan nolosha dalka oo dhan ay kala duwanaanshaha iyo is burinaya. Muddo bil ah kitaabka orday 4 edition overprint - ay guusha ahaa sidaas u leeyihiin min. Waxa uu ahaa hage dhab ah in America oo casri ah. Tom Vulf helay jidkiisa iyo style saxaafadda. Ka dibna hore u dhaqaaqay jihada this. In 1973, Wolfe iyo saaxiibtiis daabacdaa manifesto ah "saxaafadda cusub", taas oo kuu qori caqiidada aasaasiga ah ee warbaahinta casriga ah.

dhaxal ahaan suugaanta

Tom Wolfe, Biography gaaban oo lagu tilmaami karo in labo eray - "qoraa iyo weriye for" had iyo jeer waxay dooneen si ay u abuuraan ma ahan oo keliya wax saxaafadda, kuwaas oo shuqullada farshaxanka iyo documentary. helay Daaqad Misbaax ku jidkiisuu u gaar ah, ayuu qoray kitaabka ugu caansan oo ku saabsan xilligii hadda: ". Test Acid Electric Kool-Aid The" Ujeeddadiisu waxay ahayd inuu wax ka barato oo sharaxaad ka mid ah ifafaale ah ee qoraaga nidaam Ken Kesey ah. Laakiinse aakhirkeedu wuxuu u, waxa beddelay falanqaynta aan caadi ahayn dhaqanka oo casri ah iyo bulshada American. In si ay u ururiyaan wax loo baahan yahay, wariye ka qaatay bil dhan ee bulsho ee "yuul Pranksters" kuwaas oo ku dhaqma "ballaarinta miyir" daawooyinka psychotropic. Waxa uu sidoo kale soo ururiyay badan oo wax dheeraad ah ee foomka of photos, wareysiyo, audio iyo video cajalado. In 1968, buugga waxaa la daabacay. Waxay isla markiiba noqday liiska ugu fiican iibiyaha ah. Later, ee Institute of Journalism at University New York, soo bandhigay buug ee liiska "A boqol oo ka mid ah shuqullo wanaagsan ee saxaafadda Maraykanka 20 qarnigii".

All sannadihii ay wariyaha, nin had iyo jeer si qarsoodi ah ku riyoon jiray qoraal sheeko ah. Iyo sanadkii 1987, dunida bartay Tom ku Wolfe cusub - qoraa. Wuuna sii daayay novel ah "The la qabadsiiyay ee aan waxtarka lahayn ee", taas oo sheegayaa nolosha dhabta ah ee New York. Daabacaadan waxaa inta badan loo yaqaan shaqada ugu fiican ee wariye iyo qoraa magaca Tom Vulf. qoraaga buugga, ka dib qoraal ah, inta badan soo noqnoqda guusha uu novel ugu horeysay, iyo xitaa waxaa dhaafo, laakiin saamayn this mar dambe ma ay yihiin soo saaray. Intii uu nolosha halkii dheer, Tom Vulf qoray afar buug, toddobada buugaagta khuraafaadka iyo shan ururiyay oo maqaalo. Markaasaa maanta, inkastoo uu da 'wayni, qoraa ay sii shaqeeyaan farshaxanka afraad. Iyo, malaha, ugu dhakhsaha badan ballaarin doonto ay buugaag.

sharaf

Sanado badan oo shaqo ah uu si joogta ah Woolf helay abaalmarino kala duwan. In uu boorsooyinka - Bilada Kitaabka Foundation Qaranka, ayaa ka qaybqaatay soo muxaadarooyin Jefferson qiimaha iyo fara-marinno. Oo ay ku jiraan abaalmarinta ah Guild of Publishers Award ee Machadka Qaranka ee HIDDAHA IYO DHAQANKA, Don Passos Prize iyo "Ambassador".

Tom Vulf iyo shaneemo

Qoraaga Kitaabka jecel yahay in Hollywood iyaga is illowsiin laga yaabaa in aad fiiro. Dhammaan saddex shuqullada dhigay on screen: maqaalka "The Last American Hero" (1973) edition ah "Xaqa Stuff" (1983). novel ah "The la qabadsiiyay waxba tarayn," iyo sugayay inuu jidh soo shaashadda - abuurista filimka qaaday agaasimaha caan ah film Brian De Palma. Bilowday in filimka ciyaaray by xiddigaha sida Tom Hanks, Melanie Griffith oo Bryus Uillis. Scripts in cajalado oo dhan la qoray by Wolfe. Hadda laba farshaxankiisa dheeraad ah oo ku salaysan shuqullada Tom rido-soo-saarka.

nolosha Personal

Wariye The, kuwaas oo hawlaha had iyo jeer hortiisa, isku dayaya in ay qarin faahfaahinta naftiisa shakhsiyeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la ogsoon yahay in sanadkii 1978 wuxuu guursaday agaasimaha tahay magazine caanka Harper ayaa Magazine Sheila Berger ah. Lamaanahan ayaa wuxuu lahaa laba carruur ah. Maanta, Wolfe lamaane ay sii ku nool New York. Xaaska mar walba ogaa in ninkeeda ahaa ee u baahan daryeel iyo taageero. Waxa uu had iyo jeer ahaa oo uu gadaal lagu kalsoonaan karo.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh Biography

Writer Tom Wolfe tan iyo yaraantiisii soo jiitay dhowr falalka lala yaabo. Sidaas, marka waagu ee mustaqbalkiisa saxaafadda, wuxuu had iyo jeer u muuqday in dadweynaha ku joog cad. Waqti ka, waxay noqotay summad dhabta ah. Waxa aan dhaleeceeyay kaliya xaqiiqda ah in uu "xaday" dhaweynta ka Mark Twain, laakiin waxa uu ku qoslaa uun isaga. By habka, Tom Wolfe loo yaqaan qoraa US ugu caansan. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa ka mid ah toban qorayaasha ugu mushaarka badan ee America.