SS Division "Totenkopf". Division ASTAANTA SS Panzer "Totenkopf"

Dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, iyo dadka Ruush War Patriotic tagay ay calaamaddu ee taariikhda dalalka oo dhan - ka qaybgalayaasha. Ilaa maanta, dhacdooyinkan saameyn ay cadaawadda iyo waynaanta of feat ee malaayiin dad ah. Interest in xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed ka saffarro uu yahay mid aad u weyn, waxaa lagu xukumi karaa by publications cusub joogto ah, kuwaas oo qaar badan, ula kac ah ama aan, yaynaan macnaha asalka ah ee ilaha documentary. Sidaa darteed, baahida loo qabo in wada hadlaan dagaalkii dunida ee la soo dhaafay - theme ah la mariyo iyo muranka.

sal-dhigida

Waxaa ka mid ah dadka taabacsan ugu dadaalka badan ee naasigii, cadaawadda xoolaha kala duwan iyo la'aanta badan bayna ahaayeen, tiradaasi oo ah SS ah. In talaabo hore ku hor bari, waxay u dallici kooxihii waxay dhimashada ugu noqon doona iyaga oo dhan. dagaalka oo dhan, sumcadda noocan oo kale ah ciidamo si farsamo hayo. xasuuqii ugu weyn ee dilalka dadka rayidka ah iyo maxaabiis dagaal, caan SS Division "Totenkopf". Waa in la ogaadaa in inta badan oo ka mid ah askari oo Ruush, kuwaas oo halbeeg aqoonyahanada ma sababo naxdin iyo xuso. Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee ciidamada, SS ku toogteen "sida eeyaha waalan", iyo iyaga ula dhaqmaan si la mid ah. Laakiin oo dhan aqoonsadaan xaqiiqada ah in sida qeybinta a military xarunta "Totenkopf" si ay uga shaqeeyaan si waxtar leh in weerarka oo ah mid deggan difaaca. Si loo fahmo dhiirogelin ka mid ah kuwan "askari" waa tixraac taariikhda xarunta this.

Himmler

door muhiim ah in formation of kooxihii SS in ay ahaayeen toos ah ugu lug dagaalka ah, ciyaaray mid ka mid ah siyaasiyiinta waaweyn ee Germany lagu jiro mudada Nazi - Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler. tirada loo yaqaan, calankiisa xogta taariikh nololeedkooda ciidamada waqtiga. danta ugu weyn waa uu aaminsan yahay in banneeyey Nicmoolayda waxa asalka ah oo ka mid ah runes kala duwan, habka reincarnation, sidaa darteed marka aad la abuuro SS "Black Order" ah, si xoog leh ayuu uwareegay ee cibaadaysi Dr Makumbe oo ka mid ah Knights, kuwaas oo degay in qayb ka.

Marka marxaladdan hore ee uu abuuray qorshaysan ee Reichsführer meelahakan sida a "ciidanka xisbiga". In SS kooxihii ahaayeen in ka mid ah cunsurinimo kaliya saafi ah Jarmalka, kuwaas oo fanatically daacad u ah xisbiga Socialist Qaranka. Functions of the-Waffen SS markii hore loo aqoonsaday ammaanka gudahood Germany, laakiin diyaarinta waxaa fuliyey waqti isku mid ah oo ku saabsan heerka functional of unugyada dagaalka. Himmler si ula kac ah loo abuuray, oo ciidankiisana waxaa u gaar ah, kaas oo, in uu ra'yi, lahaa in ay si qoto dheer kala duwan ka cutub oo Wehrmacht iyo gudashada nooc cusub oo ah ciidamada. khilaaf ka dhexeeya xirfadeed askari, saraakiil iyo fikradaha kooxda golaha maamulka sare Reichsfuehrer SS keentay in xaqiiqda ah in formation of kooxihii waxaa fuliyey isku midka ah in ay racfaan ugu weyn. Division of SS "Head Dhimashada ee" la abuuray isha kaliya la heli karo shaqaale Himmler - ilaalinta xeryaha fiirsashada Jarmal. In this, wuxuu ahaa caawinaad weyn iyo taageero u siin jiray Theodor Eicke, kuwaas oo aqoonsi aan si cad loo qiimayn karaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, uu u kaliyeeli buuxda in Hitler iyo Himmler u baahan comment lahayn.

qaybinta abuurka

Urursanaanta xerada Dachau yaalla meel u dhow Munich. Taasi waa horyaalka mustaqbalka loo abuuray ay ku saleysan "Totenkopf". In 1934 Eike loogu tala galay Himmler noqdo Brigadenfuhrer SS iyo galaa amarkiisa orodka ku filan, marxad musuqmaasuqa iyo argagixisada beer xerada. hababka adag ayuu soo jeedinaya amarka waxay xeradii reer Dachau in muddo aad u gaaban, sidaa darteed in 1935, isagoo noqday kormeere oo dhan habka ciqaabta dalka reer Reich Saddexaad.

Taariikhda SS Division "Totenkopf" ( "Totenkopf") bilaabmaa 1939, markii hore kala qaybsameen u dhashay oo kaliya hawlaha ammaanka. Magaca laftiisa ka timaadaa icon ah in askari xirtay on qaab lapels. Waxa intaa dheer in Rune double Sieg ah, ee ilaalada xeryaha fiirsashada ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida Astaantooda ah dhaladii iyo crossbones. Taariikh ahaan, calaamada ma xidhnayn sifooyinka laga cabsado, waxa ay maldahan xad gudub ku ah dhimasho iyo guud ahaan is-allabari. Eike ahaa jilaa aad u fiican oo dhan tabo cusub ee Himmler, sidaas doorashada waxaa laga sameeyey sababta oo ah rabitaanka ay asalka ah. Astaanta SS Division "Totenkopf" ku qurxinay buttonhole oo dhan ilaalada xerada ka hor dagaalka oo goob joog ka foomka oo ka mid ah unugyada SS ahaa. In la abuuro cusub nooca ciidamada loo doortay Dachau, on dhulkeeda, oo waxaa lagu tababaray. Sanbal waxaa fuliyey on mabaadi'da aad u adag, waxaa soo saaray Eicke shakhsi ahaan. Kobaca askari mustaqbalka ee Reich Saddexaad waa in ay noqdaan inta u dhaxaysa 178 cm oo lagama maarmaan in caafimaad wanaagsan, ee da'doodu u 17-18 ilaa 22 sano u dhexeeya. Isla mar ahaantaana fiiro gaar ah la siin jiray in ay asal ahaan isir iyo views siyaasadeed. kartida aqooneed ee aan la qiimeeyo.

Sida laga soo xigtay Eicke, askari waa in aan u malaynayaa in uu waajib ku ah inay fuliyaan amarrada aan falanqeeyo ay filnaanshaha. Ku saleysan diyaarinta la dheereeyey tababar jireed culus iyo tababarka siyaasadeed, oo ku salaysan nacayb ee cadowga. Cadaawada waa kaymo by aasaasaha Eike. Division of "Head Dhimashada ee" SS la unkay anshaxa oo adag iyo maamulka khushuuc iyo iimaan buuxa, raalli ahaynba ahaantood xerada fiirsashada ah sida maxaabiista. Waayo, si fiican loo fahmo waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee abuurka waaxda this u baahan in wax laga qabto qaar ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka ka nolosha Eike iyo sawirka nafsi ah. Isaga oo u kaliyeeli xagjirnimada in Hitler iyo Himmler maray oo dhan soohdimaha u macquul ah.

Theodor Eicke

Career off qaatay taliyaha qaybta mustaqbalka SS dhacay si lama filaan ah, waxa ay ku xiran yahay guusha ee naasiga ee Germany iyo bilowgii xukunka Hitler. Ka qayb qaadashada dagaalka adduunka (hore) ayaa soo saaray wax darajo sare Eike ama xoog badan. dareenkaaga xoolaha uu, deeqsinimo isagoo psychopathy, soo dhawaaday naasiga ah, si Himmler isaga dhigay qalab ciqaab khayrna cadowgooda. Theodor Eicke, sida ay contemporaries, oo uu kala duwanaayeen uu cadaawadda iyo dhulkeena waa gaar cad ee la xiriira Yuhuudda, Communists oo dhan kuwaas oo aan la kulmo qeexidda "Aryan run". sifooyinkaasi yihiin aad u faa'iido badan isaga ku shaqada ee xeryaha fiirsashada, halkaas oo soo bandhigay anshaxa oo adag iyo dulqaad xadgudubyada xeerarka, ma aha oo kaliya by maxaabiista, laakiin sidoo kale difaac. dadaalka waxaa mahad, iyo darajadana ku xiga sare beegantay jagada cusub. Abuuritaanka hab habsami leh oo shaqeeya xeryaha, Eicke helay fursad lagu sameeyo riyo Himmler ee ah "ciidanka cusub", kaasoo noqda muuqashadii ee SS Division "Totenkopf" ah. Heerka waxbarashada ahaa amarka ku filan yar ee xirfadaha uu lahaa. Waxa uu ahaa askari ka fudud, kuwaas oo la dhiso xiriir la keceen inay dhammaystaan ka dambeeya amar kasta. Askarta isaga daacad u yihiin, Eicke loo yaqaan "aabo" iyo isku dayeen in ay ku haboon inuu fikrad askari kaamilka iyo Reich Saddexaad. Sababo la taliyayaasha waxna qorin mustaqbalka Panzer Division SS "Head Dhimashada ee" khasaare culus ee qalabka iyo dadka, laakiin ku soo barbaaray askari oo iska caabin Eike u ogolaaday inay si ku filan u adkeysan load iyo dagaalka sii wadaan goobaha ka tagnay oo dhan cutubyo kale.

calaamad

qeybinta Jarmal "Totenkopf", iyo sidoo kale dhammaan unugyada ka mid ah SS, kuwaas oo uu hogaaminayo Himmler, waxaa la abuuray meel aad u adag fikirka. Midnimada ruuxa, akhlaaqda, danaha, cadaawayaashaada oo caadi ah iyo saaxiibada, hal gool iyo tixgalin waayo, warbaahinta inta lagu guda jiro guulaha iyada - on mabaadi'da sida la aasaasay unit Nazi aqoonyahanada dalka. Astaanta SS Division "Totenkopf" waxay ahayd in ay ku dhibi colka iyo saaxiibada loo Waxyoodo ahayn ixtiraam. Qayb ahaan hawsha calaamad this on xaq u. Under Astaanta this waa mid aad u fudud si ay u xisaabiso SS ah. Iyo, sida caadiga ah, ayaa la toogtay maxbuus si degdeg ah, Ciidamada Ruushka waxaa dhif qaaday warka badan, killers xagjirnimada maskax. Ilaa maantadan la joogo ku dhowaad ma ka dhigi wac Division "Totenkopf". Waxaa la siiyay saraakiisha ugu sharafta iyo askar. giraanta lahaa saxiixa ah Himmler, askartii ayaa looga baahan yahay inuu magacaabo cinwaanka "aan aad u jeclahay." Its design waxaa buux summadaha runic, oo sideeda oo Xarunta waa dhaladii iyo crossbones. dhimashada milkiilaha giraanta ka dib waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd inuu ku soo laabto Reichsfuhrer SS ah, kuwaas oo xajiseen kulli nuqulo sida xasuusta of saaxiibo dhacay. On amarrada Himmler, ururinta oo dhan la wada baabbi'iyey, waxaa la aasay hoos xasuuqday Schalke a xanaajiyeen by dhagax weyn.

Tasbiixso SS Division "Totenkopf"

kaliyeeli xagjirnimada in Hitler iyo Taliyaha degdeg ah ayaa waxaa inta badan ku salaysan waxay xaq u of dacaayad Nazi iyo talo. Madaxa inta badan dadka dhalinyarada ah oo aan in dareenka suugaan, taageerayaasha aragtiyaha jinsiyadeed ee Hitler, ayaa dhaliyay dacaayad, lacagta ugu badan ee macluumaadka ku jira logos iyo heeso ammaan uga dhigayeen in Fuhrer ah. Tusaale ahaan, kala qaybsanaanta SS ah oo gaardinaya "Head Dhimashada ee" kuma jiraan macluumaad kasta oo waddani ah, this song oo ku saabsan xaqiiqada ah in aan ku wada nool, waxaan wada dhimanno, iyo wada popem, haddii aad nasiib tahay. Tani "masterpiece" waa goolka kaliya ee ciidamada ururka iyo barbaarinta ee xiriirka siweyn looga gudahood unugga.

galbeed

The mustaqbalka Jarmal Panzer Division "Totenkopf" ay Maarso guud ahaan Yurub, laga bilaabo Poland. Iskutallaab ciidamada xadka Eicke lahaa ka dib markii marinka ciidanka joogto ah, Wehrmacht ah, ee ay ka ciyaaraan doorka booliiska ee gayiga. In askari dagaal "Head Dhimashada ee" aan lug, waxaa jiray a socdeen tiro yar oo qaybo ka mid ah ka mid ah deegaanka, laakiin inta badan qaybinta dadka rayidka ah la diriray. Isla mar ahaantaana si aad u nadiifiso ilaa ay hawsha waa la qiimeeyaa by Himmler.

In la abuuro unit buuxa fuliya oo ka mid ah amarka Waffen SS go'aansadeen in ay tababaraan saraakiil iyo aasaaska Eike istiraatijiyadda iyo xeeladaha dagaalka, laakiin natiijada ahaa negative. Sidaa darteed, in May 1940 horyaalka xadka Franco-Jarmal "Totenkopf" waxaa soo socda oo dhan la mid ah in Halabuurka jidhka maamul, laakiin markan la awood u leh inay si firfircoon uga qeyb colaadaha. Inta lagu guda jiro duulaanka u tahay sabab la'aanta ah ee unugyada SS sahayda ayaa ku hawlan dhac ah bashaash ah dadweynaha. askari Eike naftooda kala duwanaayeen in France oo dagaalka badan, laakiin khasaaraha ay ahaayeen mid aad u sarreeya. Tan waxa u sabab saraakiisha maamulka waxna qorin. Later Himmler "scolded" aqoon aad u, laakiin taliyaha ugu daacadsan, ka dibna tagay horyaalka ee Bordeaux for toobadda.

ololaha Eastern

Laga soo bilaabo April 1940 bilaabaa dhaqdhaqaaq ballaaran ee ciidamada ee Nazi Germany si soohdimaha Midowga Soofiyeeti. Himmler ku hawlan dib-u-formation of dhan bandiiradihii SS ah. Tani waxay sidoo kale saameyn ku horyaalka "Totenkopf": waxa ay leedahay shirkado dheeraad ah oo lugta. Kulankii ugu horeysay ee la Ciidamada Soviet dhacay on July 6, 1941. Sida laga soo xigtay Manstein, oo ka kooban ciidamada oo horyaalka bilaabay dhaqdhaqaaq weerar, askartii "Head Dhimashada ee" ayaa heer aad u sarreeya oo anshax leh oo dagaalka ku weeraray adag oo wax ku ool ah. Laakiin amarka maqaamkeeda gayin oo dhan daqiiqado wanaagsan u yareeyaan eber oo sabab u ah ay wada leeyihiin ayaa la gaaray "dhiig badan." By jiilaalka, 41-sano ah soo gaartay waxay ahayd in ka badan 50% ka mid ah tirada hore ee unugyada. ciidanka Soviet bilowday weerar ay ciidamada Jarmalka dhinaca waqooyi ee hore, daafaca ka qaaday maalin kasta by boqolaal askar iyo kaydka at Eicke lama hadhay oo safafka ayaa aad u maskax ahaan iyo jidh daalan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala qeybinta cad oo edbinta sameeyey unit dagaal-diyaar, xitaa iyada oo aan Taliyaha a, kuwaas oo loo diray in ay gadaal ka soo dhaawac.

Demyansk kuleeliyaha

Horraantii January, oo ah 42-sano 4 waqti isku mid ah Ciidamada Soofiyeeti weeraray divziyu Jarmal 16 gol leeyahay in deegaanka iyo burburinta xiga. Taliyaha Ciidanka Jarmal Group "North" Leeb ah (Field Marshal) sheegay in Hitler oo ku saabsan xaaladda abuuray markii hore iyo suurtagalnimada ee khasaaraha ka mid ah meelaha ugu wacanaa of Wehrmacht ah. Laakiin si ay u gurasho la raacin, kaas oo ka caawiyay ciidamada Ruush, inkastoo khasaare culus, si ay u dhamaystiraan ay dhaqdhaqaaq iyo deegaanka u dhow aagga Demyansk. Dhab ahaantii, on 10 February ciidanka Jarmal diriray kuleyliyaha. Leeb casilay meeshiisii taliyaha hore ee ciidamada Küchler 18-taagnaa. SS Division "Totenkopf" in kuleeliyaha Demyansk isku ahaa oo uu Taliyaha Theodor Eicke, halkaas oo ay ku bilaabay difaaca dheer. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta kala duwan, si ay deegaanka ahaayeen ku dhowaad 100 kun. Askari oo Jarmal kii sii ba'an iska caabin ah.

Sayidka, xarunta wax-uqabso ah, taas oo lagu tuuray si uu u jabiyo deegaanka, bishii March 1942, wuxuu ahaa SS Division "Totenkopf". History of Saddexaad gawaardia Qaybta SS Waffen dhab ahaan laga yaabaa in kuleeliyaha Demyansk. Ka dib oo dhan, marka aad la abuuro waddada Ramushevskogo iyo baabi'inta ee haraadiga Buuloburde ciidanka by cutubyo Eike leeyihiin in ka yar 30% ka mid ah askartii ka. Ilaa October 1942 horyaalka qabtay xilal in qarka Demyansk, iyadoo ay sabab u haray ay la diray hartay iyo badalkooda of France.

toobadda

SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf" waxaa soo bandhigay inta lagu jiro xilliga this. By amar of unit Hitler waxaa la aasaasay sida Panzergrenadier ah. In askar koonfurta France Eike ku lugta lahaa howgalka, "Attila", ka dib markii horyaalka loo wareejiyay Angouleme. Ay ka kooban sare iyo askartii nastay awood taliyaha si loo bilaabo tababar cusub galayo in loo sameeyo unit garab ee hubka Nazi. Naso oo ahaa mid gaaban sidii xaaladda on hore bari noqdo halis, bilowga February 1943 ku jiray wareejiyo si ay Ukraine iyo qayb ka mid ah ciidankii reer "South".

dhimashada ee Eike

Dagaallo culus oo loogu talagalay Kharkov keentay in khasaare culus ee labada dhinac. Eicke isku dayay sidii Taliyaha qaybinta si ay u muujiyaan hindisaha istiraatiiji ah, waayo, kanu wuxuu lahaa in la ogaado booska saxda ah ee ciidamada ay. 26/02/43 ahayd markii ugu dambeysay uu fuusho saarnaa uu diyaarad sahan-hal engine ahaa in hoos u toogtay ciidamada Soviet la qoryaha. jirka Eicke ayaa ku eeliyey oo lagu aasay Orelki. Inta lagu guda jiro bixitaankii ciidamada Jarmal weli ayaa exhumed iyo reburied in Zhitomir. Dhammaadkii December 43 magaalada la xoreeyay ciidamada Soviet, iyo Eike daadinta barbareeyay. Waqtiga ka bixitaanka ciidamada Jarmal ka Zhitomir oo dhan unugyada SS ahaayeen meel oo kala duwan, sidaas Taliyaha jidhka, iyagu ma ay u suurtagashay in ay qaataan.

Budapest

Ka dib markii dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidamada Jarmal ee Ukraine ayaa noqday gurasho joogto ah, mararka qaar waxaa u suurtagashay in ay galaan a ahaan boosaska qaar iyo sii difaaca, laakiin ciidanka Soviet durba la celin karin. On soohdimaha galbeed ee ciidanka huwanta biloowday. shaqsi magaalooyinka daafaca ogol yahay counterattack dhex rearrangement ee ciidamada, laakiin u tag oo ku saabsan weerar, ciidamada Jarmal kari waayeen. Marka kor u qaadida heerka badan oo SS waxay ahaayeen isku qasan, doukomplektovyvalis kharash ku kasta oo kale. Baahida loo qabo si joogto ah si ay u buuxiyaan ma lagu demin yaabaa qayb ahaanna sababtu tylovikov adeega ku haboon. Si loo ilaaliyo Budapest jiido oo dhan ciidamada ku hareeraysan oo ka mid ah Wehrmacht, taas oo sii degdegsiimada habka qaadashada ciidamada Soviet ee Berlin iyo Vienna. Laga soo bilaabo Jannaayo ilaa April uu sii waday in ay dagaal waayo, dooxada Hungarian, furaha in sahayda shidaalka Jarmal. Taariikhyahanadu aan la xaqiijiyay, laakiin malaha waxaa jiray laba xiriir halyeeyga SS military: Division "Edelweiss" iyo "Totenkopf".

"Spring Baraaruga" is dhiibin

In March 1945, waxa uu dhab ahaan jirey koox ka mid ah ciidamada, sida SS Division "Totenkopf" ah. Photo iyo film archives sheegaya in daal xad-dhaaf ah oo u qaxaya haraadiga gebi ahaanba niyad jabsan cutubyo Jarmal dhow Lake Balaton diyaarinaya in ay weerar final. Si taas ayaa waxaa jiiday oo dhan kaydka suurto gal ah, Hitler yeedhay hawlgalka "Spring Baraaruga." Waa habkan oo noqday caqabad aan laga gudbi waayo ciidamada Wehrmacht. Spring ciidda kaneecada thinned, taasoo keentay in dib u bilawga iyo, sida, luminta initiative. failure ee hawlgalka la soo dhaafay Hitler ee keentay qax ah ciidamada oo ay is dhiibin. May 8, 1945 hadhaagii mar xiriir-dhamaadka sare "Totenkopf" ( "Dhimashada ayaa Head") dhiibay Maraykanka u gurteen inay Linz oo dhab jidaynayey marinka xanibin ciidamada Soviet ee Vienna. raafadiyay ayaa la aqbalay, laakiin at codsiga ah ee ku harta qeybinta amarka Soviet (oo ku saabsan kun a) waxaa loo wareejiyay dalka ka mid ah ku guuleystay.