Sidaas darteed of duulaan Magellan hortiisa ah oo waxaa la aasaasay? duulaan reer Ferdinand Magellan

Aan dhicin romantics, adventurers iyo kuwo dunida ka mid ah u quudhin waxa ay noqon lahaayeen caajiso. Iyo kuwo ku kala duwan, sababtoo ah hadhaagii badan in ay marnaba u furan, ma helay, ma been abuurtay.

Xilligii daahfurtay juquraafi

Ku aaddan tahay muddada waqti sahamiyayaal shidmay Waddooyinkiisa cusub helay qaaradood iyo jasiiradaha, map dunida bedelay. Waxaan daboolay Zaman ee muddo dhowr ah:

• Early, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo badmaax caadaysteen in ay Hindiya iyo Badweynta Atlantic ah, ee Mediterranean, badda bari, Badda Yellow iyo Badda Madow, u dulmaray Africa iyo sameeyey khariidado sax ah ee goobahaas.
• Celceliska, Markay fureen qaarada American, waxaan ka helay wadada badda ka Europe a in Asia, dhigay circumnavigation koowaad ee dunida dacaladeeda, oo ay ogaadeen Australia.
• Later, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo uu ku bartay ee North-West America, Jacaylku, badaha.

dhexe ayaa ka mid ah shan iyo qarniyo-toddoba yeedhay Zaman ee daahfurtay weyn. Oo hadlayay of time in, in aan ku xuso magaca Navigator ah, kuwaas oo ka qayb qaatay sayniska casriga ah. Tani Magellan Fernando, ninkii caddeeyeen in Earth waa gudbikaraa ah.

Biography kooban oo Magellan

F. Magellan (Magalyaynsh) waxa uu ku dhashay Portugal ee 1470. Laakiin guusha ugu weyn ee sayniska uu hoos u dhigay calanka Spain. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa ayaa ka sharaf qoyska ka mid ah u yimid, sidaas darteed helay waxbarasho wanaagsan, iyo dhaqanka ee Navy ah. Marka uu ka fariistay, Magellan Fernando u dhaqaaqay Spain halkaas wuxuu ku bixiyey qabyo ahaa boqorkii dhoofkii, taas oo ka dib markii dad badan oo fikirka weli la ansixiyay. Oo duulaan shan markab oo u baxay inuu safarka caanka ah.

Intii ay safarka ku this la helay iyo baa'bin xeebta South America, koonfurta Strait, taasi oo markii dambe magiciisa, Patagonian Cordillera helay. dad sodcaal ah jidka dhex maray Badweynta Pacific, oo markii hore ma ku socda doonniyo, Yurub, Guam, Philippines. Waxaa jira dagaal la barbariyiintiina Fernando ayaa lagu dilay, laakiin kooxdiisa ayaa wax weyn.

duulaan Sidaas darteed, waxaa la ogaaday Magellan joogitaanka badaha hal ayaa cadeeyay in caalamka waa qaab kubbad. Laakiin macluumaadkan waxaa lagu qiimeeyo bulshada wax badan ka dib.

Strait of Magellan

Way Magellan iyo shaqaalihii bilaabay September 20, 1519. iyo weelasha yaryar oo tiro ka mid ah shan sheqel, oo ay saarnaayeen 265 qof oo, soo baxay badda. Oo sirkaalkii isticmaalay nidaamka seylaanyenta gaar ah in loo ogol yahay maraakiibta oo dhan in ay wada joogaan. Fernando doonayay in ay ka gudbaan Atlantic ee, sidaas agagaarka dhamaadka December, ayuu gaaray Rio de la Plata ee. In ka badan muddo bil ah ay raadineyso maris ah Badda South ah, laakiin waxaa lagu qasbay inuu sii joogo qaboobaha. Saddex markab oo bilaabay mudaharaad ah, laakiin uu u cadaadiyeen. Sidaas darteed of duulaan Magellan ayaa aasaasay jiritaanka hal Bad, Cidhiidhi waxaa laga helay, iyo safarka sii. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid ka mid ah Markabka ayaa la burburiyey, iyo kuwa kale oo ka goostay.

Dhimashada hogaamiyaha

Dhamaadkii November 1520 Cutubyo galay Badda South, kaas oo la odhan jiray Badweynta Pacific, sababtoo ah iyadoo loo marayo dabaasha sii cimilada wanaagsan. Afar bilood kooxda qaatay badda, isagoo qarka u noolaado. Gaajo, kii cambaar qaba, heerka dhimashada sare - taasi waxa weeye waxa ka qaybgalayaasha lahaa in ay dhex maraan safar ugu horeysay ee adduunka oo dhan. Ugu dambeyntii, duulaan ku ah Ferdinand Magellan joogay jasiiradaha Philippine. Waxaa, Spain dhawaaqay jasiiradda aamusiin King oo dalbaday in qabsashadii.

Laakiin barbariyiintiina lahaa qorshe kale. Qaadirka Cebu lagu eedeeyay diyaarin martiqaad sharaf oo colalkii shisheeyaha oo uu weeraray martidiisii. Kulanka ayaa naftiisa dilay Magellan. Kooxda waxay dib u gurteen inay doonyaha, laakiin dadka aan haysan ku filan, sidaas mid ka mid ah maraakiibta ku lahaa si ay u gubaan.

Hadafka la gaaro?

All hadda ogahay in ay sabab u tahay duulaan Magellan ayaa aasaasay jiritaanka hal Bad cidhiidhi meeraha la xidhiidha iyo channels on. Laakiin jasiiradda ahaa ee uunsiga, taas oo ahayd on jidkiisa Navigator, weli ayaa wali la la'yahay.

About afar maraakiibta bilood noqnoqon badaha ilaa uu ku degay jasiiradda of Tidore. Halkan, isagoo intaa ku daray kaydadkii, iyo wax iibsiga dhir caraf ah a, markabka sii jidkooda. Laakiin way kala qaybsameen, mid madax galbeed weheliyaan Afrika iyo maxaabiista kale ee dayactirka. "Victoria" ayaa dhameystirtay ugu horeysay adduunka ee World Tour September 6, n1522. On guddiga dhan siddeed iyo toban nin oo ka tagay. Wax yar ka dib in Spain noqo toddoba iyo toban qof oo saarnaa "Trinidad". Iibinta uunsi, kooxda lacag dhan kharashka safar dheer.

halkii epilogue ah

Qiimaha ugu horreeya ee u safraya qiimo. Sida kor ku xusan, iyadoo ay sabab u duulaan Magellan ayaa aasaasay jiritaanka badaha. Mariners ayaa xaqiijiyay xaqiiqda ah in dhulkeenna waa dal ka yar biyaha. Magaca Portuguese geesiga iyaga ma aha oo kaliya u yeedhay si uu u furo Strait galay Badweynta Pacific, laakiin laba rucubood xiddiga ku xusan by Antonio Pifachetta, xubin ka mid ah duulaan iyo taariikhyahan. Badmaaxe tixaha ka go'an iyo cilmi-baarista.

Laakiin haddii safarka ayaa keenay lacagta si Fernand iyo qoyskiisa? inta lagu guda jiro safar ah uu ku dhintay, markii uu isku dayay, sida conquistadors ah, hoosaysiiyo ku barbariyiintiina ee Islands Philippine ah. markabka The cararay markab Magellan eedeeyo khiyaano-qaran, sidaas darteed wuxuu iska soo bixiyey oo dhan mudnaanta iyo faa'iidooyinka. Inta lagu jiro sanad ka hor ka wadaan markab ee la soo dhaafay ayaa lagu tuuray guriga barroosinka, ina Fernando baa dhintay. Lix bilood ka dib u dhintay naagtii kuwaas oo kaliya dhashay dhintay wiilkii labaad. Taasi waa waxa ay qiimaha qofka socotada ah ku bixiyay inuu daahfurka weyn!