Mary, Queen of Scotland: Biography. History of Queen Mary Stuart

Scottish Queen Mary Stuart ku noolaa nolol aad cajiib u ah. Her qaddar naxdinta weli soo jiidata dareenka.

Childhood oo hore sano

Mary Stuart - Queen of Scotland ka bilaw, oo ahaa taliyihii France (sida naagtii of Francis II) iyo mid ka mid ah way iska yeelyeelaan ee carshiga reer England, waxa uu ku dhashay on December 8, 1542 ee Palace ee Linlithgow, joogitaanka jecel oo ka mid ah taliyayaasha guri ammaan Stuart ah.

gabadhii Princess Marii De gambanaya iyo James Scottish Boqorka V, dhaxleyad yar si ay dhawr maalmood ka dib dhalashadeeda, badiyay aabbeheed. Isagu wuxuu u dhintay oo dhallinyaro ah, oo da'doodu tahay 30 sano. Sababta sida dhimasho hore aheyd guuldarro culus oo aad u Dulleeya of Scotland ee khilaafka a military la Britain, lid ku khiyaanay, mareen in cadowgu ku, iyo dhimashada laba wiil.

Tan iyo dhaxla si toos ah oo sharci ah ka dib markii Yacquub ka tegey, oo kaliya dhashay, gabadhiisa ayaa lagu dhawaaqay in taliyaha cusub ee Scotland.

Sababtoo ah ee da'doodu ka mid ah Mary, Queen of Scotland, iyadu ma xukumaan laga yaabaa, waxaa loo magacaabay Ninkaas. Waxay ka noqday iyada qaraabo dhow, Dzheyms Gamilton.

khilaafka Military la England

History of Queen Mary ee Scotland waxaa ka buuxa qalloocinaya aan la filayn oo markooda. Aabaheed wuxuu damcay isbahaysi la France, oo ahaa dagaal kula dawladda Ingiriiska. Regent Dzheyms Gamilton, by la barbardhigo, ayaa bilaabay inay ku baaqaan in siyaasadda pro-British. Waxaa la isku raacay Mary guursadeen kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga British Edward. Waqtigaa ay lahayd iyada dabaaldega.

Against qorshayaashaas wuxuu ahaa Hooyo Queen ah, adeegaya koox ka mid ah kuwii gobta ahaa Scottish isbahaysiga cusub France. falalka ay ku, iyo sidoo kale looga baahan yahay ee Henry VIII si degdeg ah u soo diri yar Mary ah, waxay keentay in isbedel af badan in xaaladda ka jirta dalka. Taageerayaasha inay awood ku yimid France, iyo England isla markiiba ku jawaabay in ay. Bilaabay gudaha galay Scotland ciidamada British. Waxay dumay tuulooyinka iyo magaalooyinka, iyo halaagnay kiniisadda. taageerayaasha firfircoon ee Protestant-u doodaya isku daya in la England. Waxaas oo dhan ayaa keentay in xaqiiqda ah in maamulka Scottish ka codsaday caawimo si France. heshiiska guurka of Mary iyo kii dhaxalka lahaa carshiga Faransiis, Francis la saxiixay. this shan sanno ah ka dib markii Queen of Scotland ayaa loo qaaday France.

Life at barxadda Henry II

In xagaagii 1548 Little Mary la wefdigii yar oo soo gaaray Paris. Waxay la siiyay soo dhaweyn aad u diiran at maxkamadda boqorka Faransiis. Waxaa iyadu helay waxbarasho heer sare ah, si ay u bartaan luuqado kala duduwan, bartay inuu ka ciyaaro shareerad iyo gabyi.

10 sano ka dib markii uu yimid in France Koroleva Mariya Scotland iyo Francis waxay wada guursadeen. Isbahaysiga Tani, mid ka mid ah xaaladaha ka mid ah taas oo ahayd France in ay dhacdo gudbinta of Scotland Queen gablan, kaga cadhaysiiyeen gurigeeda.

Koroleva Mariya Scotland iyo Francis wada ahaayeen laba sano oo keliya. Ka dib markii goysiga carshiga in uu 1559 dalka run ahaantii meesha ka Ekaterina Medichi, hooyada boqorka. caafimaadka tabar yar Francis ku dhintay 1560. Uu dhintay loogu tala galay soo celinta Mary Stuart guriga.

Regency hooyo

History of Queen Mary of Scotland waa sida sheeko naxdin leh. From yaraantaadii iyada waxaa jiideen kulan siyaasadeed ee carshiyo, oo uu ku noolaa meel ka baxsan dalkiisa ee sannado badan oo laftiisa talin muddo lix sano ah ku noolaa-gaaban.

Sanadihii kuwa, markii ay ku noolaayeen France, halkii ay dalka u talin jiray hooyadeed, Mariya De gambanaya. Waxay ahayd waqti adag for Scotland. Dabaqadda sare ahaayeen faraxsanayn shuruudaha guurka ah ee ay Queen, Brotestanka sii kordheysa xoojiyey saamaynta taas oo horseeday in kala ah bulshada. Dhibaatooyinka More muuqday la dabbaaldegaan carshiga reer England Elizabeth I. Waxay ahayd mid sharci darrada ah, iyo Maryan, Queen of Scotland, xaq dheeraad ah si aan ku dhaxlo taajka England. Waxaa shaki sida soo socota: ma faragelin Elizabeth inay kori carshiga, laakiin aan si rasmi ah laabtiissu xuquuqda ay u tahay in la. Laakiin halka Maria kasbada fal finan in weligiis booli iyo xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya taliyaha. Waxay on wuxuu ahaa shuluggii hubka taajkii England ee, oo tilmaamayo in ay tahay mid dhaxal ah oo sharci ah.

Kaas oo bilaabay waqtigan kacaanka Protestant ee Scotland dhigay taageerayaasha iyada in aad kaalmo ka England doondoonaya, iyo Elizabeth waxaan soo bandhigay dalka ciidamada. Mary, Queen of Scotland, ma caawin kara hooyada, waayo, waxay lahaayeen saameyn ah kuma laha, iyo Ekaterina Medichi, kaas oo xukumi jiray France ahaantii, ma doonayaan in ay galaan isku dhaca iyo Britain.

In xagaagii 1560 dhinto Mariya De gambanaya - waxay ahayd caqabad la soo dhaafay si ay guusha kama dambaysta ah ee Protestant ee Scotland. Muddo gaaban kaddib dhinto Francis II.

Hoyashada

In 1561, Mary Stuart in Scotland ku soo laabtay. Xaaladda, kaas oo ka dhacay Boqorad 18-sano jir ah, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u adag. Taageerayaasha ururka la France ay diyaar in ay u taageeraan wax kasta. Garabka dhexdhexaad ah lagu wareejiyo lahaa in iyada dhinac oo kaliya ka yar xaalad of ilaalinta ee Protestant iyo hanuuninta ee isku daya in ay la England. Qaybta ugu xagjirsanaa ee aristocracy ee Queen Protestant ka dalbaday fasax si degdeg ah iimaanka Catholic iyo guurka mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashooda - Earl of Arran. Xaaladahan oo kale, waxaan u lahaa in ay u dhaqmaan si aad taxader.

Board iyo siyaasadda

Koroleva Mariya Scotland, taas oo Biography aad u xiiso badan ee sano ee boqornimadiisa, si taxaddar. Protestant, iyadu ma ay aqbalaan, laakiin sidoo kale in la soo celiyo galaya dalka aysan isku dayin. Ahayd mid ku salaysan block a dhexdhexaad ah by teeb in jagooyinka muhiimka ah ee dawladda, William Maitland iyo James Stewart, oo uu bar-walaalkiis. Xag isku dayeen in ay diyaarin shirqool bay ku qaadeen, laakiin waxa uu ku guuldareystay. Queen si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay diinta Protestant, laakiin ma goysay xiriirkii Rome. Nidaamkani wuxu keenay natiijo wanaagsan - boqortooyada Mary Stuart ee dalka ayaa ahaa mid is dajiyaan.

Haddii dhibaatada ka jirta dalka fahmi karaan oo aan dhiig ku daatay, siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda keenay dhibaatooyin badan oo dheeraad ah. Scotland Queen resolutely diiday in uu qiro Elizabeth aan dhaxalka lahaa sharciga ah, ayaa rajeynaya in ay gutaan xuquuqdooda carshiga Ingiriisi. None iyaga ka mid ah u sii socotay inay si heshiisiin tagaan.

nolosha Personal

sida sawirka ka mid ah Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, ayaa sheegay in iyana waxay ahayd naag soo jiidasho badan. Ka qaybgalayaashu waxay on iyada gacanta ayaa lagu dhigay. Ka dib geeridii lama filaan ah Francis II iyo Queen guriga ku soo noqdo arrinta iyada guur cusub oo si gaar ah ba'an. Wajahay ee 1565 dhallinyaro ah Genriha Styuarta, ayay jacayl ku dhacay isaga la arko koowaad, iyo isla sannadkaa waxa qaateen guurka. Tani waxay sababtay carada xoog leh ma aha oo kaliya Queen of England, laakiin sidoo kale taageerayaasha ugu dhow ee Marii Styuart. Her guurka loogu tala galay failure siyaasadda ee isku daya in la England. Dzheyms Styuart bilaabay fallaaganimo ka dhanka ah Queen ah, laakiin waxay u suurtagashay in ay hesho taageero waxaana uu awood u eryi shirqoolkii dalka.

guurka labaad waxa uu ahaa lagu guulaysan. In taliye xumo, Henry isku dayeen in ay qabsadaan dalka gacmahooda soo galay, oo sidaas daraaddeed Maria iska caabiyeen. Tartiib tartiib ay gooni u koray. Queen ku xirnaadaan caawimo ah ee uu xoghayaha siedmeho Richcho, iyo in aargoosi, Henry saaxiibbo bay noqdeen Brotestanka oo ka qeyb qaatay shirqoolay naagtii jecel. Riccio lagu dilay shirqool hore ee Queen ah. Waxay lahaa in ay sameeyaan dadaal ah iyo xitaa in ay heshiiyaan iyada iyo ninkeeda inuu baabbi'iyo shirqool ku jirta iyada ka gees ah. Laakiin xiriirka la Henry ayaa waxaa horay si buuxda u kala qaybiyaan. Tom ma aha oo kaliya ka qayb qaatay dilkii foosha xumaa ee Riccio, laakiin sidoo kale hiwaayad cusub Queen - geesi Earl of Bothwell. Oo jidkii gurigeeda farxad ahayd xaaska. Waxa uu aqoonsan karin wiilkooda cusub ee u dhashay Yacquub sharci darrada ah, ayna u oggolaadaan in ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn.

Genrih Styuart, Rabbiga Darnley, ayaa lagu dilay qarax ee qoriga in guriga meeshuu degganaa, ee habeenkii ka soo 8 ilaa 9 February 1567. Waxa uu beerta laga helay markii uu isku dayay in ay ka baxsadaan.

In taariikhda Mary qaybqaatay shirqoolka ka dhanka ah ninkeeda ay wali loo arko muranka. Darnley oo ay leeyihiin cadow kale oo halis ah, balse warkeeda caan Boqorad eedeeyay. Oo waxay ku tidhi, sabab qaar ka mid ah, ma wax uu leeyahay in dambiga Scottish sameeyo. On lid ku ah, erayga gardaraysi oo dhan, in ka yar bil ka dib dhimashadii ninkeeda ay is guursadeen Bothwell.

afgembiyey

Tani guurka ku degdegin ahayd boqorad ah qalad naxdin leh. Waxay isla markiiba laga badiyay iyada taageero, iyo iyada soo horjeeda isla markiiba ka faa'ideystay xaaladda. xoog ururinta, waxay ahaayeen Maryama iyo ninkeeda cusub. Ciidamada Royal looga adkaaday, Boqorad dhiibay, ka hor inta in ay awoodaan in ay nadiifiso waddo si ay ninkeeda ka baxsadaan. qalcaddii Lohvelene waxaa iyada lagu khasbay inay la soo wareegto renunciation ka mid ah awoodda ay guushu ku ina dhalinyaro ah.

Baxso England. isku day lagu guulaysan in ay dib u awood

Ma aha oo dhan raacsan kuwii gobta ahaa waxay ahaayeen barakaca ay taliye qasbay. Dalku wuxuu bilaabay farax. Mary, Queen of Scotland, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka faa'iidaystaan this iyo xabsi ka baxsaday. Isku dayga in ay dib u awood ku guuldareystay. ciidanka mucaaradka ka adkaadeen iyo Boqorad dejiyey ayaa lagu qasbay inuu si England carari.

Dhagra ka dhanka ah Elizabeth aan

The Queen of England waxay ahayd xaalad xasaasi ah. Ka caawi ciidamada u dirin laga yaabaa ina adeerkiis ah ee France, sidoo kale - Maria isla markiiba bilaabay lahaa in la Yimaadeen sheegashada carshiga Ingiriisi. Elizabeth baaritaan lagu xaaladaha dhimashada ninka labaad ee Maryan iyo ka qaybqaadashada waxa ku jira furay.

soo horjeeda Queen warqado soo bandhigay (gabayo iyada mooyee, waxay ahaayeen been abuur ah), kuwaas oo la sheegay in maldahan in ay ogaayeen dhagarta. Sidaas darteed barxadda oo mar kale ka qarxay Scotland xasillooni Maria dambeyntii luntay rajadii ay fureyn.

Iyadoo in lagu hayo, ayay u dhaqmeen si aad u taxaddar la'aan, wuxuu bilaabay inuu u dhiganta leh guryaha kale ee reer boqor. Against Elizabeth ma joojin isku dayaya in ay kabayso ka yimid carshiga xaggiisa, iyo Maryan tartamaya weyn waxaa loogu talagalay.

Trial iyo dil Marii Styuart, Queen of Scotland

Its magaca waxa u sabab ah dhowr ah oo kashifaya muuqooda ka dhanka ah Elizabeth, laakiin waxay nahey, ma dhicin in tallaabooyin xad-dhaaf ah u tagaan. Kaliya markuu u yimid ee guud ahaan waraaqaha a soo horjeeda la mid ka mid ah madaxda shirqoolkii, Queen of England ayaa go'aansaday in ay maxkamadda. Wuxuu ku xukumay Mary Stuart in la dilaa. Elisabedna waxaa ka sugayaan adeer codsiyada aan lacrimal waayo-turid la'aan, laakiin in waxba idiinma tarin.

Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland, taariikhda nolosha oo weli ka taliso maskaxda taariikhyahanadu iyo wakiillo ka tahay, kor u mambar oo la fagaare toogasho aroor hore da'da 44 sano 8 February 1587. Waan xajiyey waxaa si lama filaan ah u dhiirranow, oo kor u mambar ah, oo madaxiisa lagu qabtay sare. Stefan Tsveyg xaliyay tilmaamay rigoore Queen ee uu shaqada on naagtan la yaab leh.

Scottish Queen Mary Stuart farshaxanka

Her qaddar naxdin iyo ciqaabta naxariis lahayn waxay ahaayeen isha shuqullo badan oo farshaxanka. Stefan Tsveyg, Friedrich Schiller iyo qorayaasha kale shuqullada ay ka go'an iyadii. fulinta Marii Styuart, Queen of Scotland, wuxuu ahaa sabab u ah canvasses badan.

shineemo waxa kale oo aan ka soo tageen. Nolosha A kaas oo waxaa jiray si taxne kore iyo, jacaylka iyo khiyaano, rajo iyo khiyaanay, waxaa muuqata in feature oo documentary ah filimada.

Magaca naagtan aan caadi ahayn oo ku lug leh wax badan oo sheekooyinka khayaalka. In taxanaha ah ee cusub, "Boqortooyada," qorayaasha tageen oo dhalanrog ee xaq taariikheed - Koroleva Mariya Scotland iyo Sebastian, wiilkii sharci darrada ah ee Henry II iyo Diane de Poitiers, halkan soo bandhigay sida ku caashaqay. Dhab ahaantii sida qof taariikhi ah marna ahaa.

Sannadkii 2013, waxaa la abuuray by filimka "Mary - the Queen of Scotland (Scotland)," kaas oo sheegaya waxa ku saabsan aayaha cajiib ah taliyaha sita calanka on saddexdii kr.