Ruush General Kuropatkin Aleksey Nikolaevich: Biography, abaalmarinta

General Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin ku dhashay March 17, 1848 ee Sheshurino estate ee gobolka Pskov ah. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa captain howl gab ah. ciidamada wiilkiisa siiyey waxbarasho ku habboon, marka hore u dirayaa arday koowaad ee Corps, ka dibna School Military Pavlovsk ah, halkaas oo uu ka qalin jabiyay ee 1866.

Career military

Sii daayay la darajo ah Sarreeye guud Kuropatkin xigtay ayuu u baxay inuu Turkestan, halkaas oo isna wuxuu u adeegay in qoriga 1aad Turkestan ee Guutada. Horeba da 'yar, wuxuu ka qayb qaatay weera ah dagaal ee Khanate of Kokand iyo Bukhara Imarada. Khiva noqday olole baaritaan dhab ah isaga loogu talagalay. The ugu horeysay ee dagaal-aragnimo kaliya ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa oo doonayay inay ku baaqaan in mustaqbalkiisa ah in ciidanka.

In 1871, Captain Alexei Kuropatkin galay Nicholas Guud ee Shaqaalaha Academy. iskuulka ka horeeya liiska Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay. Si toos ah garaacid Shaqaalaha Guud, Kuropatkin baxay inuu safar caalami ah inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo uu booqday France, Germany, iyo xataa Algeria. In Africa, sarkaalka ka qayb duulaan in Sahara ah. Waxa uu ka caawiyay ciidanka Faransiiska ee xakamaynayaan ayaa iska caabin ah ee kooxaha maxalliga ah. Inta lagu guda jiro ciidan this helay Legion of Honor. waayo-aragnimo Travel sameeyay aasaas u ah buugga "Algeria", lagu daabacay 1877.

In hawshii Fatherland ah

Ka dib markii Nicholas Academy Kuropatkin ma aha oo sirkaal ahaa, oo amiirka. guriga ka Algeria soo laabtay, uu si ikhtiyaar ah ilaa xirfado siiyey in Shaqaalaha Guud iyo 1875 mar kale u tageen inay Turkestan. Dhanka kale waxaa bilaabay olole ka dhan ah Kokand jahawareerinaya Bey. Future General Kuropatkin ugu horeeyay ee ka gala qalcaddayda arkuu-Kurgan, taas oo uu ku helay Order ee St. George degree 4-th. Madaxiisu ahaa Colonel Mikhail Skobelev, kuwaas oo ku amray ciidamada ee gobolka Fergana ah.

mar labaad, waxay lahaayeen si ay ula kulmaan ku maqnaa dagaalka Ruush-Turkish ee 1877-1878. Wakhtigan, Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin hore u soo xirtay darajo ee Colonel. Oo wuxuu ku amray xarunta dhexe ee Qaybta 16-kii lugta, iyo isu-qaybinta aad u hogaaminayo oo dhan isla Skobelev ah. Si wada jir ah waxay ka qayb qaatay dagaallada Pleven iyo Lovech. Ka dib markii isgoyska caanka ah ee Kuropatkin Balkans mahadnaq ayaan qoray in ka bartay wax badan oo ka Skobeleva horrayn dhiiran oo go'aan. In dagaalka Plevna Alexei Nikolaevich waxaa dhaawac halis ah (ee soo socota si ay isaga qarxay sanduuqa lacag buuxa) oo ahaa garoomada ka maqnaa.

Ka dib markii daaweyn iyo dib u soo kabashada Kuropatkin kooban ka shaqeeyey Shaqaalaha Guud. In 1879, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay amarka lugta 1aad Turkestan ku Brigade. Markaasuu raacay in muddo ah ergooyinka diblomaasiyadeed iyo millatari ee France, Iran iyo Shiinaha. In 1880-1881 GG. Kuropatkin ka qaybgalay xilli Akhal-Teke. Ka dib markii in bilaabay muddo toddoba sano ah ee shaqada ee shaqaalaha Guud, halkaas oo ciidamada ayaa qabtay xilal muhiim ah oo kala duwan.

Sida maamulaha Wasiirka

Tan iyo 1890, Kuropatkin - Lieutenant-General. In darajo this wuxuu ku amray ciidamada ee Gobolka Trans-Caspian. Halkan, military ku lahaa si ay u muujiyaan maamulka awoodda ay - Gobolka soo maray Russification weyn. Intii uu isaga hoggaaminayay oo duurka ku waxa uu noqday a warshadaha kobcaya, ganacsiga, beeraha, tuulooyinka iyo magaalooyinka kordhaya. Waxaa bilaabay gumaysigii ee degayaasha Ruush, dugsiga Transcaspian gaar ah Ruush dhisay carruurta ka mid ah.

oolnimada Maamulka Kuropatkina shaqo la'an maaha. In 1898 waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka dagaalka ee Russia. Tani post General Kuropatkin u adeegi jireen muddo lix sano ah, ilaa bilowgii dagaalka kula Japan. Ololaha Alexei la kulmay darajo ee Adjutant Guud.

Dagaalka oo la Japan

Waxa ay ahayd dagaalka Ruush-Japanese ee 1904-1905. Waxa uu noqday caqabad weyn Kuropatkina mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed. Ilaa dhawaan, waxaa lagu xamanayaa in ay ka dhigi doonaa in-sare ee bilowga ah ee isku dhaca. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in meel this, Tsar Nicholas II magacaabay Admiral Alexeyev.

Kuropatkin aan weligood ahaanin uu nin u gaar ah ee maxkamadda Imperial. Dagaalka ka dhigi doonaa hawlgabka wuu ka ciso iyo siman. Bishii Febraayo 1904, Wasiirkii hore ee Dagaalka waxa uu noqday Taliyaha muhiim ah oo ka tirsan ciidamada Manchurian ah, iyo in October - taliyaha Bariga Fog halkii dhibanaha Alekseeva Buuqa ah.

Ka hor inta ballantan, Kuropatkin lahaa baaritaan dhab ah, taas oo uu ku guuldareystay xumo. Waxay noqday dagaalka Liaoyang, min 24 August iyo dhammaan doontaa on September 3, 1904. Waxay bilaabeen jagooyinka Ruush duqeyn, diyaarin by cutubyo ka hor Marshal Oyama. Markaas, Japanese ah ayaa qaaday rush iyo qabsadeen dhowr meelaha muhiim ah.

Weerarka cusub dhacay habeenkii of 26 August. hit Japanese 3-dii ee Siberian iyo 10-Army Corps. weerar aad u ballaaran oo ka careysan on Japanese ah ku dhammaaday fashil. khasaare aad u ballaaran ay la kulmaan Buur artisanal, halkaas oo tiro aan yareyn oo askari oo ka yar dab ka yimid madaafiic Ruush.

Xaaladdan oo kale Kuropatkin qaadan kara dharbaaxo ku ool ah in ay gadaalka dambe ee cadowga ku dhiiran. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guud ahaan ay go'aansatay in ay gurto. Ciidamada bidixdiisa haboon ka barta of view of difaaca meel buuraley ah oo buur ah. dagaal Place ahaa hadal ismaamulka roobka shubtay, askartii dhaqaaqay jilibka-u qoto dheer ee dhoobo dhagta, badiyay qoryaha iyo dhimanayaan fardaha.

Battle of Liaoyang muujisay heer sare ah sirdoonka dalka Japan. Isticmaalka macluumaad sax ah oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa cadowga, Marshal Oyama ma faragelin Ruush ah, isagoo filanaya ay qalad taatiko waxa ka faa'iideysan doona oo kaliya. Japan ayaa sugayay lahay laga cabsado teendhooyinkoodii.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, maalmaha soo daba socday, inkastoo jagada raaxo of Ruush si guul la diriray oo dhan weerar cusub oo cusub. September 20 Oyama bilaabay inuu diyaariyo u Dumayn. Kuropatkin garaaceen dhowr saacadood. Wuu ka cabsaday caymiska ah garabka, oo Japanese xataa aan ku riyoon kari, iyo ugu horeysay inuu ka tago booskiisa, isagoo u dhaqaaqay Mukden.

Oyama mana ay ka daba Ruush wuxuu ka cabsaday in ay u darabnay qaar ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaq oo gebi ahaanba cad oo adag oo aan. Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Japan xitaa more yaabay ahaa markii ay heshay, waayo, waxba uma hadhin Kuropatkin Liaoyang. Oo iyana waxay halkaas qabsaday kaydka weyn ee qalabka, dharka, cuntada iyo rasaas. Waxyaalahan oo dhan ayaa laga keenay Bariga Fog ka European Russia oo ahaa inay gacan ka hawlgalka Port ee Arthur awood. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay go'aan darro General Kuropatkin oo dhan oo ka mid ah qorshaha istiraatijiyadeed ee la soo dhaafay.

Battle of Shah ah

dagaal xigta weyn General Kuropatkin ahaa dagaal on webiga Shahe (sida waxa loo yaqaan dagaalka Shaheyskim). 5 dagaalka ayaa bilawday kuna dhamaaday October 17, 1904. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ugu cadhooday fashilka Liaoyang oo dalbaday in weerar Kuropatkina on ciidamada Marshal Oyama.

Weerarka ayaa socday muddo laba maalmood ah. Markaas, amarka Japanese go'aansaday inuu soo qabto hindisaha istiraatiiji ah. October 10 waxaa bilaabay weerar gaar ah. dhabarjab ugu weyn ee ku saabsan 10-ka iyo 17-Army Corps dhacay. Dagaalo la kala duwan guulo la diriray. dhowr maalmood ah iska hor imaad u dhaxeeya Labo Kooxood Ka dib wuxuu bilaabay inuu dumiseen booska. hore ayaa keentay taagay 60 kiiloomitir. Waayo, fanka legdinta, waxay ahayd arrin gebi ahaan cusub, taasi oo markii dambe noqday mid caadi ah inta lagu jiro dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Sidaas darteed weeraro iyo counter-weerar, midkoodna dhinacyada si ay u saaray ka hor inta hawl aan ku dhameysatay.

dagaal ku saabsan Sandepu

dagaal The on webiga keentay in Shah, oo u dhow Mukden ciidanka Ruush ku urursan qiimaha 320 kun oo qof. Ciidankan wuxuu ka eryay Hayatou noqday taliyaha Bariga Fog, General Kuropatkin. War Ruush-Japanese ayaa durba khasaare ku filan iyo hawlgallada Khasaarteen. Haddaba hoggaanka ciidamada Xaq u lahayn, si ay u sameeyaan qaladaad.

Waxa ay ahayd xaalad sida, January 25, 1905 bilaabay dagaalka Sandepu. ciidamada dalka Ruushka ayaa soo abaabulay ay weerar soo socda, xataa iyadoo ay jirto in wakhtigaas waxa aan ahaa caado ah inay fuliyaan hawlgallo military firfircoon ee xilliga qaboobaha. By dhamaadka maalintii ugu horraysay ee hawlgalka Siberian qoriga Corps qabtay Heygoutay - dhibic oo muhiim ah u ahaa ciidanka dalka Marshal Oka. Japan u dhaqaaqay juunyeerka. Siberian qoriga Corps lahaa si ay u joojiyaan, oo waxay qaadan booska daafaca.

Maalinta ku xigta (26 January), Japanese ka dhiidhiyaan weerarka ee Qaybta 14-kii lugta. Galab, laba regiments mar kale u guuray tuulada u dhow, qaadashada gool iyada oo muhiim ah - Sandepu. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mugdi ah, dhaqdhaqaaq ku fashilmay. Ciidamada Ruush lagu qabtay tuulada arrin kale oo ayaa ugu danbeyn lagu qasbay in ay gurto.

isku day kale si uu u qabto Sandepu waxaa la qorsheeyay January 28. Japan ayaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, lama doonayo inuu dhali hindisaha isu counterattacked. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee weerarka uu ahaa 1aad baaxaa Siberian Corps. By galabtii, dagaal culus oo sababay in guusha ciidamada dalka Ruushka, ama halkii lugta Qaybta 31-aad. askari ay qabsadeen dhowr tuulo oo ku yaalla agagaarka Sandepu. Waxaa intaa dheer, markay tageen si ay gadaalka dambe ee Japanese ah, iyaga gelinaya in meel aad u xun. Dhab ahaantii, cadowga ahaa ayaa qarka u Buuloburde iyo halaag.

In this daqiiqad ugu muhiim khilaafka ka qarxay inta u dhexeysa taliyayaasha Ruush. Kuropatkin u maleeyay in falalka ay ciidanka waa mid aad u halis ah. Mid ka mid ah weerarada guul guud ahaan fuliyay Darro iyo tilmaamaha uu. Chief ka mid ah Jeneraaladii initiative yar kama raalli noqdo. Wuxuu dumiyey ah shaqsiyaadka muhiimka ah dhowr, oo ay ku jiraan madax ka mid ah 2-dii Manchurian Army Oscar Ferdinand Grippenberg taagan. Tani lugta guud ahaa si careysan by falalka Kuropatkina in isaga lagu eedeeyey in ay carqaladeeyaan howlgalka oo u tegey St. Petersburg.

Sababtoo ah shaqaalaha Murmi dagaalka Sandepu dhab dhamaatay waxba. mar kale ciidanka Ruush aysan ka adkaan karin Japanese ah iyo in la beddelo koorsada dagaalka. status quo waxaa sii raagayaan.

Mukden masiibo

wax dhib ah maleh sida weyn iyo weerar lahayn ayaa hore fashilaad ciidanka Ruushka ee dagaalka kula Japan, waxa ugu muhiimsan iyada dagaalka ayaa ka hor joogay. Tani dulucdii xilli ahaa dagaalka Mukden (February 19 - March 10, 1905). Daadinta dhiigga waxaa fuliyey hore dheer 150 kiiloomitir. On labada dhinac ee ku saabsan nus milyan qof ayaa ku lug waxa ku jira. 250 waxaa loo isticmaalay, waayo, hubka dagaalkayagu cusub iyo 2,500 oo gogo 'oo madaafiic. Dagaalka ayaa sheegtay in 24 kun oo nolosha (in ka badan 130 oo kun oo ku dhaawacmay).

Battle of Mukden ahaa dagaalka ah ee dareenka classic ee erayga. Waxay ka koobnayd shilalka yar badan oo ka dhacay meelo kala duwan oo hore ugu badan. Mincer bilaabay weerarka Japanese, iyo in Japan ay dabcan bisha oo idil looga weydiiyo dagaal. Inkastoo geesinimada askarta Ruush, kaasna cadowga sii kordhay. Ka dib markii ciidan workaround saddexaad Japanese Alexei Kuropatkin amar ku bixiyay in dib u gurasho. Si dhakhso ah cadowga qabsadeen Mukden. Maxaa ka dhacay dalka Russia loo arkay masiibo.

Natiijada niyad dagaalka calaamadeynayaa xoogga. Alexei Kuropatkin laga xayuubiyey horyaalka ee taliyaha. Naso dagaalka uu ku qaatay madaxa ciidanka 1aad Manchurian. Waxa uu bedelay Nikolai Linevich. Ololaha ayaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mar hore ayaa la badiyay. Soon, Japan aysan awoodin in ay soo rogaan u fududahay ah xaaladaha heshiiskii nabadda.

falanqaynta baadi

Joogsaday dagaalka Ruush-Japanese ee 1904-1905. Waxa ay ahayd sabab u ah kacaanka ugu horeysay Ruush. Ceebta Portsmouth Peace hogaaminayo tahay badan oo military oo ku saabsan sababaha loo arag ee taariikhda dalka soo gaartay ee cadowga, kaas oo ilaa dhawaan ninna si dhab ah qaaday. In dib niyadda kuwaas General Kuropatkin fariistay in guryaha iyo dhigay oo ku saabsan qoraal buug ku saabsan xilli ciyaareedkii hore. Afar-mugga "qoraalada ku saabsan dagaalkii ka Ruush-Japanese" waxaa la daabacay 1906.

Iskahorimaadka la deriskaaga bari ayaa muujisay in jir-aragnimo taatikada iyo istaraatiijiga ah ee qarnigii XIX noqday tacaluqda. In uu buugga, Wasiirkii hore ee Dagaalka, Russia ayaa xusay jilicsanaanta hay'adaha muhiimka ah ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka, kaas oo ugu danbeyn keentay in guuldarro xanuun badan. Waxay ka mid ah diyaarinta askari oo aan joogto ahayn, abaabulka, qalab farsamo iyo wixii la mid ah. D. Dagaalka la Japan keentay in shilka, laakiin haddiiba dunida oo dhan inay diyaar u yihiin sii dagaal oo baaxad weyn. Xaaladahan, Russia ahaa ee u baahan in dib u habayn dhamaystiran ciidanka. Inkastoo Kuropatkin oo is casilay uu ku hadhay oo xubin ka ah Golaha State iyo isku dayeen in ay ka qayb qaataan casriyeynta oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida.

Mar labaad on hore

In 1914 dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Aleksey Nikolaevich Kuropatkin, saraakiisha ciidamada ayaa la sii raagayaan, inkastoo guuldaradii aflagaado ah, isla markiiba ka codsaday ciidanka, oo helay diidmada ee Duke Grand ah Nicholas. Bilaha ugu horreeya ee khilaafka uu caawinaad dhab ah abaabulan askari oo dhaawac ah.

Bishii September 1915, markii sirkaalkii sare ku noqday Nicholas II, kaasoo Alexei Kuropatkin waxaa loo doortay inuu ku amri Corps Grenadier ah. February soo socda, guud waxaa madax looga dhigay oo dhan of Northern Front ah, oo ku yaalla on bangiyada of Dvina Galbeed. In meel this, isla markiiba wuxuu dhigay saabsan diyaarinaya weerar. Hawlgalka ayaa biloowday ka fog Riga, oo u shaqeeyay 12-Army. Askarta si taxadar leh qabtay sadarro dhawr ah ilaaliyo boholo ah, laakiin sababta oo ah cadaadiska saaran oo xanjaadka u gurteen inay jagooyinka ay hore.

In kasta oo wax kasta, General Kuropatkin, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa ka koobnayd taxne kore iyo hoose oo badan, anigu ma lumin rajeynayaa inay ku guuleystaan dagaalka ka dhanka ah kooxda Jarmalka. Laga soo bilaabo 21 ilaa 26 March 1916 in ay sii wadaan ka hor ciidamada uu ku wareegsan Yakobshtadta, taas oo la aasaasay saldhig ka dhigteen. Inta uu hawlgalka this, ciidamada Ruush maareeyey si loo horumariyo wax yar uun kiiloomitir.

April 14, Tartannada Kuropatkin ka qeyb galay kulanka, kaas oo uu guddoomiye ka gooyo. General soo bandhigay warbixin ku saabsan duruufaha dhacdo dhawaan fashilka. Sababaha fashilka hawlgalka lagu soo yeedhay cimilada xun, waddooyinka jabay iyo isticmaalka khaladka ah ee madaafiicda.

Summer koonfurta bilaabay caanka Brusilov Offensive. Kuropatkin, kuwaasi oo ku sugnaa dalka Mareykanka bari, waxay ahayd aan firfircooneyn muddo dhowr toddobaad ah iyo in July weerar ku qaaday Bauska ah, kuwaas oo ka qeyb qaatay oo dhan Army isla 12aad. Connection badiyay 15 kun oo qof, laakiin lix xitaa ka dib markii wakhtigii dagaal ma qaadan karto oo haysta magaalada. Ka gaabinta Kuropatkina baxeen dareemo ku saabsan asalka ah rayn Brusilovski horumar degdeg ah.

Dhammaadka nolosha iyo kan ugu dambeeya sano

In July 1916 Kuropatkin loo diray ay horey u yaqaan in ay isaga Turkestan, halkaas oo uu ka noqday Governor General iyo Taliyaha. In darajo, waxa uu la kulmay kacaanka February ah. Dawladda cusub ayaa uu xilalkaasi kasii hayo, isagoo rumeyn ay telegraam gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in uu musiiba ah, General Kuropatkin, taasoo abaalmarino dan yar isku dhacnay Golaha Askar 'iyo Workers' xigeenada xidshiidha. Taliyaha ugu horeysay rogay xabsi guri, iyo ka dib markii loo diiday jagooyinka, u soo diray inuu Petrograd.

In xagaagii 1917 at sare ee Guddiga Alexander uu ka shaqeeyeen oo dhaawac ah. Lahaanshaha waayo-aragnimo ka mid ah saraakiisha daryeelka naafada ah, iyo in guud Kuropatkin yimid. Ka dib markii kacaanka, wuxuu gobol Pskov hooyo uu, halkaas oo uu ku noolaa inta kale ee da 'noqdeen. Alexey abaabulay dugsiga miyiga oo ku soo orday maktabadda maxaliga ah, taas oo kaalinta lacag badan isaga u gaar ah. Later, qalabka ay, oo ay ku jiraan ka hartay ka dib markii ka shaqeeya buug ku saabsan Japanese Ruush-War ka, waxaa lagu wareejiyay Gobolka Ruush Military History Archive. Alexei Kuropatkin on 16 January 1925 ku geeriyooday da'da 76 sano.

sharaf

Waayo, geesinimo iyo geesinimada ah ee Plevna 1878 Kuropatkin helay seef dahab la note ah "geesinimo" iyo Order ee St. Anne iyo St. Stanislaus degree 2 nd. dagaalka kula Turkey Ka dib, waxa uu sidoo kale ku guuleystay abaalmarinta badan oo caalami ah. iyaga ka mid ah waxaa lagu wareejiyey maamulka Serbian si iskutallaabta takovo. At isla Kuropatkin uu ka helay billadda "Waayo, geesinimada" ee Montenegro. Later on inuu galay dalalka Balkan sidoo kale Order of the Star ee Romania, iyo sidoo kale Order of "Saint Alexander" Bulgaria.

Waayo dagaalka ku guuldareystay Ruush-Japanese abaalmarinta Kuropatkin helin. Laakiin 1890, kii ayaa loo Order ee White Eagle iyo Order ee St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ka hor dagaalka kula Japan in abaalmarintan aan ku daray calaamadaha diamond gaar ah oo soo bandhigay kaalin gaar ah gobolka guud.