Isticmaalka guryaha la ruxruxo iftiinka. shabaggeeda diffraction

nooca la ruxruxo iftiinka ayaa durba la tijaabiyey muddo dheer. Si loo xaliyo dhibaatooyinka la taaban karo inta badan u isticmaalaan mabaadi'da optics joomateri, laakiin guryaha la ruxruxo iftiinka waa mid aad u ballaaran loo isticmaalo beeraha kala duwan ee sayniska casriga ah iyo technology. Tusaale ahaan of this waa diffraction ah. Awoodda of ruxruxo ah in la leexiyo agagaarka caqabado kala kulantay in ay waddo, oo lagu gartaa iftiinka. Tani waxay ifafaale waxay dhacdaa marka ay hirarku ka leexinayn ee loogu yeero hooskii joomateri dhici. Sharaxa of ifafaale ee diffraction siinayaa Huygens 'mabda'. Sida laga soo xigtay sharaxaad this, dhibic kasta oo ku saabsan Jidka la ruxruxo kacdid, uu noqdo xarun lagu hirarka sare. baqshadda mawjadihii, kuwaas oo la siiyo meel wavefront for dhibic kasta xiga in waqti.

Tusaalaha ruxruxo diyaarad caadi ah u dhacdo godka a sameeyey ee shaashadda ah Doolaal, aragtida ah ee Huygens, dhibic kasta oo taas waxaa loo qoondeeyey qaybtii furitaanka oo ka mid ah wavefront, awoodda soo jireenka ah si ay u noqdaan il hirarka sare ah (in a dhexdhexaad isotropic sooc yihiin spherical).

Waxaa ku filan si ay u dhisaan baqshadda ee hirarka sare at hal dhibic qaarkood wakhtiga, si fudud loo raad raaco arrin ku laayeen ruxruxo diffraction ee godka. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in wavefront galo degaanka ee loogu yeero hooskii joomatari.

Isticmaalka hantida diffraction waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in qalabka, loo yaqaan diffraction ah iyo shabaggeedii. In tijaabo ugu horeeya ee ku lug leh diffraction iftiinka Dzheyms Gregori isticmaalo baal caadiga ah. Ka dibna, isagoo lagu badalay gaar ah qalab indhaha. shabaggeeda diffraction waxaa la daabacay on dusha sare ee set gaar ah oo tiro aan yareyn oo khadadka si joogto ah u diyaarin. Waxay noqon karaan sida boosaska iyo saadaasha, ku xiran tahay noocyada kaas oo shabaggii la taaban karo.

Waxaa jira laba nooc oo lattices - muraayad u ah oo hufan. Kooxdu waxay ugu horeysay waxaa ka mid ah qalabka ay isticmaalaan dusha a muraayad la stroke loogu dhaqmo. The dusha labaad hufan halkan loo isticmaalo waxaa laga dalban karaa sida taabtana ku dhameysteen, iyo dillaac.

Mabda'a hawlgala ee diffraction shabaggeedii guryaha la ruxruxo si toos ah loo aaneeyey iftiinka. Si aad u jebin biruhu hore la ruxruxo nuurka isticmaalo stroke. Sidaas darteed, la aasaasay waxa loogu yeero alwaaxdii saqafka haysay shaqsi iftiinka isku xidhan. Tijaabada diffraction by taabashada, waxay faragelin kasta oo kale. Marka la eego in wavelengths kala duwan ee saacididoono faragelin ku abuuro xaglo gebi ahaanba kala duwan (goostay farqiga Jidka of fara alwaaxdii saqafka), ku heshay wax soo saarka giirte galay qaybaha kala iftiinka cad.

shabaggeeda diffraction waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qalab beeraha kala duwan ee dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in alaabtii spectroscopic iyo sida ugu dareemayaal indhaha ah (toosan) angular dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo sida polarizers ama filtarka infrared. Sidoo kale, waxaa laga yaabaa in splitter dogob for interferometers ama galaas dhibcood "anti-muraayad u ah".

Waxaa jira diffraction ah iyo shabaggeedii for X-rays. Abuur waxa ay soo baxday in hawl farsamo ahaan wax aan macquul aheyn. Si loo xalliyo dhibaatada this, saynisyahano waxaan maray jidkii asalka ah. Waayo, kala daatay ee X-rays isticmaalo lattices crystal kiristaalo qaarkood.

Sida dabeecad u weyn ee waxaa loo arkaa xalka shabaggeeda diffraction. Waxay ka dhigan tahay tirada guud ee khadadka ku xirneeyn qeybiyaha, oo lagu dhufto si ee ku jirase aad ugu badnaan. hadal Tan waxaa lagu dheeraad ah oo ku qoran kartaa sida ay adkaynasaa in farqiga u dhexeeya inta jeer ee sifo loo siman yahay si laba geesood ah ee farqiga u dhexeeya dura wakhtiga marinka rays ugu xad-dhaaf ah, oo lagu magacaabo fara.

In nolol maalmeedka tusaale wanaagsan iyo shabaggeeda diffraction wuxuu u adeegi karaa sida disk ah ee isafgaradka ama saxan. Laakiin for soo saaridda qalabka warshadaha isticmaalo qalab-teknoolojiyad sare usii sare.