Cross monohybrid

Monohybrid gudbaan - this isgoyska, maxaa yeelay, taas oo ah dabeecad ka duwan noocyada waalidka midba midka kale by mid ka mid ah labada nin oo ka mid ah qaababka kale imaanayn heli karo. Calaamad gudbiyo feature mid ka mid ah u shaqeeyo ah, mid ka mid ah guryaha ama tayada ay, by kaas oo ay suuragal tahay in la kala saaro shakhsiyaadka. In dhirta, hantida tani waa, tusaale ahaan, qaab reer Corolla ah (symmetric sinnayn ama), midabka (caddaan ama guduud) iyo t. D. calaamadaha ayaa sidoo kale ka mid ahaa heerka koriinkedu (fulan soo daahay ama ku fulan), iyo caabiga ama nuglaato in ay cuduro gaar ah .

Dhammaan guryaha wada, tan iyo sifooyinka qaarkood dibadda iyo soo afjaridda in qaab-dhismeedka ama dhaqdhaqaaqa unugyada, xubnaha, unugyada, loo yaqaan phenotype. Aragtidani waxa ay sidoo kale lagu saleyn karaa marka la eego mid ka mid ah qaababka kale la heli karo.

Astaanta guryaha iyo sifooyinka lagu sameeyaa gacanta arrimo dhaxaltooyo jira - erayo kale, hiddo. Si wadajir ah hiddo-yihiin genotype.

Monohybrid cross Mendelian wakiil ka gudbaya digir. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa jira guryaha si fiican oo ku filan sida caanka kale, sida cadaan iyo ubaxa guduudan, midabaynta digirta cagaaran bislaan iyo huruud ah, miraha waanuu iyo dusha siman, iyo kuwa kale.

Xagga iskutallaabta monohybrid, Mendel, Austria botanist X X Waxaan ku., Found in ee jiilka kowaad (F1) dhirta hybrid oo dhan lahaa ubax cado magenta, midabka cad ma muuqdo. Sidaas daraaddeed kii hore ayaa la bilaabay Mendel ee Law of midayso oo ka mid ah lagu daydo jiilka kowaad. Intaa waxaa dheer, saynisyahano ayaa lagu ogaaday in jiilka koowaad ee shay-baarka oo dhammuna wuxuu ahaa dhqaalaha iyo toddoba dhan bartay sifooyinka ay.

Sayidka cross monohybrid soo jeedisay ee shakhsiyaadka jiilka kowaad ee jiritaanka characters kale hal waalid oo keliya, halka sifooyinka waalidka kale u muuqdaan in ay baaba'aan. ku badan yihiin ee guryaha Mendel yeedhay saldanad iyo naftooda calaamadaha - xukuma. tayada ma muuqan cilmiga loo yaqaan recessive.

Xagga iskutallaabta monohybrid, Mendel sakhiray in ay is-pollination oo ka mid ah Beelaha jiilka kowaad waxaa koray. Uumay in abuur ah saynisyahan mar kale ku beeran. Sidaas darteed, in uu helay soo socda, jiilka labaad Beelaha (F2). The baarka helay xusan cholesterol by sifooyinka kale ee saamiga saxda ah ee 3: 1. In si kale loo dhigo, saddex-meelood meel ka mid ah shakhsiyaad ka mid ah jiilka labaad lahaa hantida badan, iyo mid ka mid quarter - recessive. Sidaas darteed of tijaabo kuwan, Mendel soo gabagabeeyey in sifo ay recessive waxaa cadaadiyeen in tijaabada, laakiin waxa aan la waayay, laftiisa naxli qarniga labaad. isku duwidda xogta waxaa loo yaqaan "sharciga qaybsama" (sharciga labaad ee Mendel).

Dheeraad ah monohybrid saynisyahan iskutallaabta lagu sameeyay si ay u aqoonsadaan sida dhaxal dhici doona kii saddexaad, afraad, iyo ka ab ka xiga. Waxa uu ku koray qaababka la isticmaalayo is-pollination. Sidaas darteed of tijaabo waxaa la ogaaday in dhirta, muuqaalada kuwaas oo recessive (ubax cad, tusaale ahaan) iyo sidii qarniyadii xiga ee farcankiis waxaa la sameeyaa in ay dib ugu ciyaaro oo keliya, kuwaas oo guryaha (recessive).

Waxbaa ka duwan u dhaqmeen dhirta jiilka labaad, guryaha kuwaas oo ayaa loo magacaabay Mendel xukuma (milkiilayaasha, tusaale ahaan, ubaxa iyo guduud). Ka mid ah baarka kuwan, saynisyahano falanqeeyo xagiisa waxha, ayaa shaaca ka qaaday labada kooxood isagoo kala buuxda muuqaalka waayo feature kasta oo gaar ah.

Waayo, shakhsiyaadka, kala duwanaayeen laba sifooyinka, isticmaali crossover labada-hybrid. Dhibaatada of go'aaminta ku noocyo iyo phenotypes ay yihiin kuwo fudud, halka sharciyada ay go'aan Mendel ayaa codsan.