Maxaad leedihiin madow? in arrinta mugdi jirta?

Su'aasha ka soo jeedo ee caalamka, ay la soo dhaafay iyo mustaqbalka dadka la welwelay tan Maqal time. Waayo, qarniyo badan, aragti kacay oo loo diiday, ee bixiya sawir dunida, oo ku salaysan xogta la garanayo. shock dhamaystiran dunida sayniska noqday Einstein ayaa aragti of relativity. Waxay kaalin wayn garaad ee geedi socodka in ay qaabeeyaan caalamka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aragtida of relativity aanay sheegan karin in run kama dambaysta ah, taas oo aan u baahnayn wax dar-ons lahaa. teknoolajiyada Hagaajinta ayaa loo ogol yahay cirbixiyeyaasha inay sameeyaan ikhtiraac hore aan la malayn karin, taas oo loo baahan yahay a qaab af cusub ama ballaarinta weyn oo ka mid ah qodobada jira. Mid ka mid ah ifafaale, kuwaas oo ahaa arrinta mugdi ah. Laakiin wax ugu horeysay ugu horeysay.

Kiisaska of maalmood teesto

Waayo, garashada erayga "arrin mugdi ah" dib bilowgii qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Iyadoo fahamka heysatay caalamka oo sida qaab taagan. Dhanka kale, aragtida guud ee relativity (GTR) maleeyey in si degdeg ah ama goor dambe si xoog ah ee soo jiidashada waxay keeni doontaa in "xanibeen" oo alaab ah meel hal gariiradda ah, waxaa jiri doona wax-u gravitational burburkii. Inta u dhaxaysa walxaha bannaan, ma jirto ciidamada dheguhu diidayaan. jiidashada Mutual waxaa magdhow by ciidamada culus si ay u abuuraan dhaqdhaqaaq joogto ah oo ka mid ah xiddigaha, meerayaasha iyo hay'adaha kale. Sidaasay u taageerayaan nidaamka hoganaya.

Si looga hortago burburkii caalamka oo afka baarkiisa, Einstein soo bandhigay joogto cosmological - qiimaha taasoo keentay in nidaamka dawladda la doonayo joogta ah, laakiin dhab ahaantii been abuurtay isagoo sabab la'aan.

Caalamka ballaariyo

Kombuyuutarada iyo furitaanka Friedmann iyo Hubble ayaa muujiyay ma jirto baahi loo qabo in jebiso isleegyo caato of relativity guud isticmaalaya joogto cusub. Waxaa la xaqiijiyay, oo maanta xaqiiqda shiidaa ma mid shaki in caalamka oo dhan ayaa waxaa loo kordhiyay, waxaa mar ahaa bilowgii iyo stationarity hadalka ma aan tegi karo. horumarinta dheeraad ah oo cosmology keentay in ay aragti Big Bang. caddeynta ugu weyn ee fikradaha cusub - kordhinta la fiirsanayo muddo, masaafada u dhexeysa falagyada. Waa cabbirka ee heerka laga saaray kasta nidaamyada kale ee meel ku xiga oo keentay in formation of xiqiijiyay in ay jirto arrin mugdi iyo tamarta madow.

data ma aha waafaqsan aragtida ah

Frits Tsvikki ee 1931, oo ka dib Jan Oort ee 1932 iyo 1960 ku hawlan tirinta miisaankiisu oo ah walaxda in kooxdu fog oo falagyada iyo xiriirka xawaaraha ay meel fog ka soo midba midka kale. Muddo markii la joogaba, saynisyahano soo gaarnay heer la mid ah: tirada walxaha sida kuma filna in cuf abuuray by wada qaban falagyada dhaqaaqin xawaare sare sida. Zwicky iyo Oort hypothesized in ay jirto tiro qarsoon ee arrinta mugdiga ah ee caalamka, ma ogola alaabta meel ku kala firdhiyo jiho oo kala duwan.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la xiqiijiyay helay aqoonsi dunida sayniska kaliya ee todobaatanaadkii ah, ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay natiijada Ruby Faith. Waxaa dhisay gooladaha wareeg in ay muujiyaan tiirsanaanta ee xawaare walax Galaxy in masaafada taas oo kala xarunta nidaamka ah. Hase yeshe, malo tiyoriga ahaa in xawaaraha xiddigaha sida masaafada uusan waxba ka dhimin xarunta galactic ah, iyo u koraan. Si ay u sharxaan dhaqanka this nuurar waayeen jiritaanka falagyada HALO, taas oo qabanaysa arrinta mugdi ah oo kaliya. Xiddigaha waa sidaas wajahay qayb ka mid ah si buuxda loo sahamin caalamka oo dhan.

Guryaha iyo halabuurka

Noocan ah arrin mugdi ah lagu magacaabo sababtoo ah ma loo arki karaa by kasta hababka hadda jira. Her joogitaanka waxaa aqoonsan daliil daruufaheeda: arrinta mugdi abuuraa beerta gravitational waxaa gebi ahaanba aan iska diiday hirarka electromagnetic.

Shaqada ugu muhiimsan in ayaa dhexdeenna ka hor saynisyahano ah, waxay ahayd in la helo jawaab su'aasha ah waxa ku jira arintan. UCLA isku dayeen in ay "buuxiyo" iyada walax baryon arimahan (arrinta baryonic ka kooban yahay ka badan ama ka yar bartay protons, neutrons iyo electrons). In ka Halos mugdiga ah ee falagyada ka mid emissivity xiddigaha isafgaradka ku yar yahay sida dhsan brown iyo weyn, miisaan ku dhow in meeraha Jupiter. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, fikrado, kuwaas oo aadan u adkeysan xeel dheer. arrinta Baryonic, caan ah oo si fiican u yaqaan, sidaa darteed, aan ka ciyaari karaan door muhiim ah in mass ee qarsoon falagyada.

Maanta, search for qaybaha oo aan la garaneyn ku lug physics. baaritaan la taaban karo oo ku saleysan cilmi ah qaybaha Susy aragtida, ku dheehan for walxaha kasta yaqaan jira uumi Susy. In kuwa ka samaysan arrin mugdi ah waa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caddaymo ah jiritaanka Qurub sida ma laga heli karaa ilaa, laga yaabee, in ay dhacdo mustaqbalka dhow.

tamarta madow

helitaanka nooc cusub oo arrinta ma soo afjaro kadis ah waxaa in diyaariyey saynisyahano caalamka. In 1998, cilmiga felegga ee soo bandhigay fursad kale oo is barbar aragtiyahan xaqiiqda. Sanadkan ayaa waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by qaraxa ee supernovaer ah in Galaxy fog naga. Cirbixiyeyaasha ku qiyaasay fog waxay iyo waa mid aad u la yaabay in ay heleen xog: Xiddiga kor u kacday badan sii badan waxa ay ahayd in si waafaqsan aragtida ah ee jira. Waxa la ogaaday in muddo, heerka of ballaarinta sii kordhaya, hadda waa inta ka sareeya ka badan waxa uu ahaa 14 bilyan oo sano ka hor, markii ineey waxaa jiray qarax weyn.

Sida la og yahay in ay dardar dhaqdhaqaaqa jidhka, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay u gudbiyaan tamarta. Force keena caalamka si loo ballaariyo si dhakhso ah, noqday kuwa loo yaqaan tamarta madow. Tani waa ma qayb yar dahsoon ee Cosmos ka badan arrinta mugdi ah. Waxaan ognahay oo kaliya in lagu gartaa qaybinta direyska oo dhan koonkan, iyo saamaynta ay la diiwaan karaa oo kaliya in ay masaafo runtan badan.

Mar labaad, si joogto ah u cosmological

tamarta Dark gariiriyey aragtida ah ee bang weyn. Qayb ka mid ah bulshada sayniska waa ka walaacsan suurtagalnimada walax noocan oo kale ah, oo iyada si loo dedejiyo ballaarinta. felegga ee Qaar ka mid ah isku dayayaan in ay dib u soo noolaynaysa joogto cosmological Einstein ah illoobay, oo mar kale waa ka category ee baadi sayniska weyn in tiro ka mid ah fikradaha shaqada aadi kartaa. Her joogitaanka ee isla'egyada abuuraa antigravity, taasoo keentay in xawaaraha ee ballaarinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cawaaqib qaar ka mid ah joogitaanka joogtada ah ee cosmological ma aha waafaqsan xogta dheehidda.

Maanta, arrinta mugdi iyo tamarta madow uu ka samaysan yahay inta badan arrinta in caalamka - xujo ee saynisyahano. Jawaabta cad in su'aasha ah ee ay halkaas dabiiciga ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa aan socon qarsoodiga in naga horjooga bannaan. arrinta Dark iyo tamarta noqon kartaa Teegeero in ikhtiraac cusub in fikradda ah qaab-dhismeedka caalamka our waxay badali kartaa.