Madhabta biosphere ah: ilaha

Ku dhawaad qof kasta oo aqoon, eegayn haddii uu ama dadaalka, hadalkii maqlaanba xoogaa dahsoon dhawaaqa "noosphere" gudbikaraa wax kasta oo ka mid ah hawlaha bulshada. Waxaa loo arkaa sida cibaaro ah ee gaarka ah ee qarnigii XX ah, sida aragtida ah ee horumar ayaa qarnigii hore. Aan isku dayno mar kale si ay u fahmaan fikrad poluzagadochnoy this of waxa u muuqataa in ay cilmiga ka mid ah biosphere iyo noosphere ah, si dhow ula xidhiidha magaca dhaxal ahaan cilmiyeed iyo falsafadeed ee Vernadsky.

First, waxaan si dhab ah u ogaadaan sano ee ay dhasho iyo qoraaga oo toos ah.

Back ee 1875, ereyga "biosphere" ahaa ee ugu horeeyay soo bandhigay in kacaanka geologist sayniska Austria Eduard Zyuss. Laakiinse isagu ma uu qeexo fikradda, ayaa loo qoondeeyey in ay dhexdhexaadnimada sayniska, sidaas dheer oo ku filan erayga "biosphere" waxaa loo isticmaalay in noocyo kala duwan oo macnaha.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay this category ayaa loo isticmaali jiray sida sayniska ah ee darbiyada de College ee France - machad waxbarasho Paris ee caanka ah, waxay caan ku tahay heerka highbrow waxbaridda, muxaadarooyin 1927. author of dheer ku jirtay oo Faylasuuf iyo xisaab Eduard Lerua. Waxa xiiso leh, ka co-author of fikradda noosphere ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay iyo associate ee Le Roy - Per Teyyar de Chardin. Laakiinse labadan saynisyahano si toos ah dhagaystayaasha iyo akhristayaasha u soo dir biosphere ah by saynisyahan a Ruush Vladimir Vernadsky, kuwaas oo siiyey muxaadarooyin uu Sorbonne ah.

Vladimir Ivanovich, diyaariyey cilmiga biosphere sii shakhi uu ku salaysan hab biogeochemical in ay. Tan iyo markii ay 30meeyada ee qarnigii labaatanaadna wuxuu u soo fikradda ah noosphere ihin oo dhan awood aragti rajo ah cilmiga.

Laakiinse dib on time in ay asal ahaan, in Le Roy iyo Teilhard de Chardin. Waa maxay nuxurka fikradahooda? Xaaladan oo ka mid ah noocyada aadanaha ee taxane ah oo qaab oo kor u kacaya oo macnaheedu yahay waxay u malaynayaan in horumar soo baxa in ay isticmaalaan siyaabo kale, si gaar ah guryaha maskaxda. Seynisyahanno ku andacoodaan in horumar ku abuuray foomka aadanaha hab cusub ee horumarinta ee iyaga u gaar ah - awood ruuxi ah iyo derjada gaar ah, sida ugu horeysay ee dabiiciga ah ma jirin haba yaraatee. qudhiisa Chardin ayaa qeexay iyo kala guryaha of this ifafaale - aadanaha: joogitaanka sirdoonka u milicsato, is-wacyiga iyo awoodda, si ay u ogaadaan qudhiisa, oo kaliya in hal-abuur ciyaaro oo dhan noocyada nolosha.

In shaqada ka dib, "meeshii nin ee dabiiciga ah," ayuu tixgeliyo su'aasha ah ee ka soo jeedo iyo nolol iyo jiritaan, gelinaya dadka ee kala duwan ee guud ahaan geedi socodka runtan kakanaanta ee arrinta.

Waxa xiiso leh, Vladimir dhallinyarada, halka weli arday jaamacadeed, ku qoray xusuus-qorka fikrad cajiib ah, taasoo keentay in cilmiga biosphere si xaaladda falsafada. Gaar ahaan, wuxuu ku dooday in taariikhda Earth ee baaritaan Planetary waxaa loo qori karaa sida taariikhda ka mid ah isbedel ee arrinta. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo dhan ee isbedeladan degna iyo kala sooc lahayn ma dhacdo, laakiin ku salaysan hannaanka arrin cad u ah heerka caalamiga ah.

In bayaankan, qoraaga waxbaridda biosphere ku keenaysaa garawsannay in haddiii arrintu u muuqataa "dhintay", runtii ma dhiman, laakiin kaliya "dozhiznenna" nolosha waxaa ku jirto suurto galnimada ah. Tani waxay ifafaale Vernadsky yeedhay hominization, nooc ka mid ah boodi horumar Planetary heer runtan, sida arrinta dib u soo kabashada (vitalization). Marka la soo koobo, aragtida ah ee biosphere ah, ka fiirsaneysa inay wax nin u eg, oo innaba ka badan toona yar, xaqiiqo dhab ah oo dheeraad ah, la geeyo a tayo cusub oo biosphere laftiisa, waxaa daba socday iyada iyo nidaamka oo dhan runtan. Ee la xidhiidha in sidan la isugu xigaan evolutionary nolosha, nin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa dhan asalka ah. On ku salaysan ra'yigaa, ka abuuray iyo kuwa raacsan ka mid ah waxbaristii noosphere u muuqdaan in ay rumaysan qofka ma aha noocyada wakiilka hal, oo aan ahayn "taaj" dabiiciga ah, laakiin keliya wakiilka amarka cusub ee xaqiiqda, taas oo la xiriirta biosphere u dhaqmo sida an "gudbikaraa" cusub oo madax banaan.

Gomizatsiya waa hab by kaas oo ah adeegyo cusub oo isa soo taraysa, si tartiib ah u soo baxna kor biosphere xayawaanka.

Waxay ku taallaa iyada waqti gudbikaraa aadanaha, lagu gartaa guryaha iyo digtoonaan, awoodda qofka in doorasho xor ah oo damiir leh iyo hal-abuur. Tani waa boqortooyadii reer sabab - noosphere ah. Taasi waa, dhaqdhaqaaqa oo fikirka Vernadsky, waxaan arki jecel yihiin in ay soo gudbiyaan waxbariddii dadka biosphere sida waxbarasho bilow ah ee aragtida ah oo ka mid ah ifafaale amarka sare - aragti noosphere.