Daraawiishi ay of Czechoslovakia, taariikhda, sababaha iyo cawaaqibta. Year of kala diridda ee Czechoslovakia

Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa ugu weyn ee taariikhda casriga ah Europe, weyni ee Czechoslovakia. Sababaha this waa sida policheskoy, military iyo xaaladda dhaqaale ee dalka. Sano ee kala Jamhuuriyadda Czech iyo Slovakia laga bilaabo taariikhda of kala ah. Laakiinse haatan arrinta waa mawduuca cilmi u daran oo ah taariikhyahano, cilmiga siyaasadda iyo khubaro kale.

.: 1968 burburkii of shuruud ah

daraawiishi ay of Czechoslovakia ka dhacay 1993. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, weeyn ee dhacdadan la dhigay ka badan sidii hore. Habeenka of August 20-21, 1968 xidhiidhka ka Soviet Arima, East Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary iyo Poland, iyadoo tirada guud ee 650 kun oo Askari., weerareen Czechoslovakia iyo qabsadeen dalka. xiro qaab-dhismeedka maamul ee dalka (Dubcek, Cernik iyo Freedom) la soo saaray. Hoggaamiyayaasha sii badan diideen in ay wada shaqeyn. Dadka rayidka ah ayaa isku dayay in ay muujiyaan iska caabin ah, 25 qof oo rayid ah ayaa lagu dilay oo ku dhex jira mudaharaadyo anti-Soofiyeeti. hoggaanka Soviet doonayeen inay abuuraan gayiga Czechoslovakia, dowladda Soviet-shabaab. Under xaaladahan, kor u hoosaad ee Slovakia gudahood xuduudaha gobolka cusub ee federaalka, kaas oo la bilawga 1969 naadiyey.

Revolution in Czechoslovakia 1989

By dhamaadka 1980. Czechoslovakia kordhay -Raaxaysta- qanacsanayn guud ee xisbiga communist. Sanadkii 1989 ee Prague laga bilaabo Janaayo ilaa September, waxaa jiray dibad badan yihiin kala firdhiyey by booliska. ciidanka ugu weyn ee ahaa dibad ardayda. September 17, 1989 inta badan uu miisaanka si ka dhacay jidadka, iyo dad badan oo la garaacay oo ay booliska, jaamacadaha ee wakhtigan ayaa la xidhay. Dhacdadani waxa ay ahayd wadadii uu wax Falaysaan. Waxgaradka iyo ardayda tageen shaqo joojin. Midowga mucaaradka oo dhan - "Civic Forum" - November 20, hoos jihada of Vatslava Gavely (photo hoose) ku baaqay dibad baxyo ballaaran. Dhamaadka bisha, oo ku saabsan 750 kun. Of dibad-qaaday in ay jidadka Prague oo dalbaday in iscasilaadda ee dowladda. Ujeedada ayaa lagu gaarey, in ay u adkeysan karin cadaadiska, madaxweynaha wuxuu ka tegey post Gustav Husak iska casilay, saraakiil badan. Dhacdooyinka isbedel nabadeed ee hoggaanka Czechoslovakia yimid in loogu yeedho "kacaanka maro jilicsan". Dhacdooyinkii 1989 Fundka daraawiishi ay of Czechoslovakia.

Doorashada 1989-1990.

indheer Post-communist sameeyay qeybo ka mid ah gobolka doortay koorso jiritaanka madax banaan. In 1989, dabayaaqadii December, Assembly Federaalka si ay u doortaan madaxweyne ah Czechoslovakia Vatslava Gavela, guddoomiyaha - Dubcheka Aleksandra. Golaha ahaa jirka ah wakiilka in view of casilaan of tiro badan oo ah co-optation iyo siyaasadeed ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Communists ah "Civic Forum" iyo "Against Violence Dadweynaha."

Wareejiyay xilkan Vatslav bishii Febraayo 1990, ayaa gaaray Moscow iyo raaligelin ka socda dawladda Soviet helay dhacdooyinkii 1968, markii Ciidamada Soviet qaadeen duulaanka hubeysan. Intaa waxaa dheer, uu u xaqiijiyay in ciidamada military ee USSR ayaa loo ceshan doonaa dhamaadka July 1991 ka Czechoslovakia.

In guga ee 1990, Golaha Federaalku ansixiyay ayaa tiro ka mid ah xeerarka in la oggalaado ururka ganacsiga gaarka loo leeyahay, iyo guud ahaan ayaa ogolaaday si ay u fuliyaan gaarka ah ee shirkadaha warshadaha, dawladdu leedahay. Horraantii bishii June, waxay ahaayeen qabashada doorashooyin xor ah, taas oo ay tahay 96% ka mid ah tirada guud ee codbixiyayaasha. Iyada oo faa'iido weyn ku guuleysan odezhali musharax dhaqdhaqaaqyada siyaasadeed "Civic Forum" iyo "Against Violence Dadweynaha." Waxay ka badan 46% codadkii, iyo inta badan Golaha Federaalka. Tirada labaad ee ugu codadka ahaayeen communists doortay 14% ka mid ah muwaadiniinta. Kaalinta Sedaxaad loo qaaday by isbahaysi ka kooban oo ka mid ah kooxaha Democratic Christian. July 5, 1990 on muddo laba sano ah in xafiiska Golaha cusub ee Federaalka-aad loo doortay Gavela Vatslava iyo Dubcheka Aleksandra (hoos ku sawiran) -, ay u kala horreeyaan, inay jagada gudoomiyaha.

dhaqdhaqaaqa Split "Ururka Against Violence"

daraawiishi ay of Czechoslovakia, aasaasay March 1991, marka waxaa jiray kala ah in dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed "Public Against Violence", oo sababtay in inta badan oo ka mid ah kooxaha kala soocay aasaasay xisbiga "Movement for Slovakia Democratic ah". Soon waxaa jiray kala ah in madaxda sare ee "Forum Civil" la formation of saddex kooxood, mid ka mid ah oo ahaa "Xisbiga Civic Democratic." Wadahadaladii u dhexeeyey Slovakia iyo Czech Republic ayaa dib u bilaabay bishii June 1991. By wakhtigaas, hoggaanka "Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Madaniga ah" ayaa soo gaarnay heer ah in shirka aan soo saari doonaan natiijo wanaagsan, sidaas darteed ha ka fikiro si aynu seenyo ee "Divorce Velvet".

"Hyphen dagaalka"

marakay dhacdey of taliskii communist 1989 ayaa la dedejiyey dhacdooyinka sababay burburkii Czechoslovakia. Madaxdii ka Czech Republic rabtid in aad sheegtid qoran magaca eray keliya, halka ay opponetov - Slovakia - adkeystay qoraal defisnom. Amaanaya dareenka qaranka oo ka mid ah dadka Slovak, bishii April ee 1990 Golaha Federaalka ansixiyay magac cusub rasmiga ah ee Czechoslovakia: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Czech iyo Slovakia (CSFR). Dhinacyada ayaa u suurtagashay in ay gaaraan tanaasul, sida magaca luqada Slovak of State ee la hyphen qoraal ah ayaa laga yaabaa, sida in Czech - wada.

"The Czechoslovak Forest"

On kala diridda ee Czechoslovakia iyo saamayn natiijada wadahadalada ra'iisal wasiirada ee xukuumadda qaranka ee Slovakia iyo Czech Republic - Vladimir Meciar iyo Vatslava Klausa. Kulanka ayaa ka dhacay Brno ee Tugendhat ee Villa sanadkii 1992. Sida laga soo xigtay-qorka ee ka qayb Miroslav Matzek Václav Klaus qaaday guddiga aan nuurad lahayn, oo lagu qabtay line a toosan, oo tilmaamaysa in hogaanka waa dawlad toosan, iyo meesha ugu hooseysa - kala. Waxaa lagu qabtay therebetween kala duwan ay ka mid yihiin xiriirka iyo midow. Su'aasha kacay sidii waxa qayb ka mid ah baaxadda ayaa suurto gal ah in ay la kulmaan? Oo meesha tani waxay ahayd halkii ugu hooseysey, waxay ka dhigan tahay "furiin". doodda kuma dhammaanayo ilaa Václav Klaus ma soo gaarnay heer ah in shuruudaha in ay yihiin wanaagsan si dibloomaasiyad for Slovaks gudaheedana sinaba uma ay la tixgelin la aqbali karo, waayo, Czech. daraawiishi ay of Czechoslovakia Waxa uu ahaa cad. Villa Tugendhat ahayd in nooca State Svoge of Belovezhskaya Pushcha. wadahadalo dheeraad ah oo aan ku soo sameeyay on ilaalinta ee xiriirka. Kadib markii natiijada kulanka diblomaasiyadeed fal dastuurka la saxiixay, oo go'an xaq sharci ah si ay u gudbiyaan awoodaha xukunka ugu weyn ee Jamhuuriyadda ah.

"Divorce Velvet"

Sanadka soo socdo kala diridda ee Czechoslovakia. doorashooyinka guud ee la qabtay ee dalka ee June 1992. "Movement for Slovakia Democratic ah" ayaa helay codadka ugu badan ee Slovakia iyo "Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Civic" - in Czech Republic. Waxaa jira soo jeedin ah in la abuuro konferederatsiyu, laakiin lama ay taageerayaan "Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Madaniga ah."

Xukunka Slovakia ayaa lagu naadiyey July 17, 1992 Golaha Qaranka Slovakia. iscasilaadda Madaxweyne wareejiyay xilkan Vatslav. In xilliga dayrta 1992, qayb weyn oo ka mid ah maamulka dadweynaha la siiyo si ay Jamhuuriyadda. Golaha Federaalka dhamaadka November 1992 cod oo kaliya saddex ansixiyay sharciga, kaas oo provoglashal marakay dhacdey of xiriirka Czechoslovak ah. In kasta oo iska soo horjeeda oo ku saabsan qayb ka mid ah inta badan Slovaks iyo Czech, habeenbadhkii December 31, 1992, labada dhinacba in ay go'aanka kala diridda ee xiriirka ka yimid. daraawiishi ay of Czechoslovakia ka dhacay sanadkii la soo, taas oo ahayd bar bilow taariikhda labada dal cusub abuuray - Jamhuuriyadda Slovak iyo Czech Republic.

ka dib kala ah

State nabad ah loo kala qaybiyey laba qaybood oo madax banaan. daraawiishi ay of Czechoslovakia galay Czech Republic iyo Slovakia saamaynta is burinaya oo ku saabsan horumarinta dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah labada dal. In wakhtiga gaaban ee Jamhuuriyadda Czech ahaa awoodaan in ay wadaa in lagu dhamystiro habaynta weyn ee dhaqaalaha iyo sidaad u abuuri lahayd dhaqaalaha suuqa wax ku ool ah. Tani waxay ahayd sababta keeno in loo ogol yahay gobolka cusub ee xubin ka mid ah Midowga Yurub noqday. Sanadkii 1999, Czech Republic ayaa ku biiray madaxda sare ee garabka milatari ee North Atlantic. Isbadal Dhaqaale ee Slovakia waxaa ku jiray mid aad u adag oo gaabis ah, su'aasha ah ee ay goysiga si Midowga Yurub ay dhicin inay dhibaatooyin. Oo kaliya sanadkii 2004 waxa galay qaab-dhismeedkooda iyo noqday xubin ka mid ah NATO.