Gustav Husak - Siyaasi waaqiciga ah ama hogaamiye cadaadis?

Sheekada nolosha siyaasiga Czechoslovak Gustav Husak arrin Waano. Boqornimadiisa noqday caan ah waxa loogu yeero "caadi", ie tirtiridda cawaaqibka dib u habaynta ah "Prague Spring." Gustav Husak ahaa dhalasho Slovakia iyo ina shaqo la'aanta ah. Life waa isaga u qaaday si munaaraddii awoodda. Wuxuu madaxweyne ka noqday Czechoslovakia hantiwadaagga, hogaamiyaha shiidaa boqorada xisbiga shuuciga ee dalka. Sida reformer ah ee uu dhalinyarada, wuxuu bilaabay inuu cadaadin ahaynba ee demoqaraadiyad ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Waxa uu iska casilay markii uu ogaaday in uu mar waa ka badan.

Biography Hore ee Gustav Husak in uu dhallinyarada

Dhashay siyaasadda Czechoslovak gayiga Austria-Hungary, in Poshonihidegkute (hadda Dubravka), January 10, 1913. At 16 jir uu noqday xubin ka mid ah kooxda dhalinyarada shuuciga. Waxa ay ahayd inta lagu guda jiro waxbarashada uu dugsiga Bratislava ah. Oo markii uu soo galay Kulliyadda Sharciga ee Jaamacadda Comenius, waxa uu noqday xubin ka mid ah xisbiga shuuciga ah. Waxaa uu si deg deg ah lagu sameeyo mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed, dhaqaaqin mar kasta oo si heer sare. In 1938, xisbiga la mamnuucay. At ka dillaacay ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, Gustav Husak, oo gacanta ku hal, waxa uu inta badan ku lugta leh hawlaha shuuciga sharci-darrada ah, taas oo uu si joogta ah ayaa la xiray by wakiilo dowladeed faashistihii of Jozef Tiso, oo dhinaca kale ah - ahaa saaxiibada hoggaamiyaha ee fog-xaq Slovak Alexander Mach. Ilo Qaar waxay yidhaahdaan in tani ay tahay sababta uu la sii daayay dhawr bilood oo xabsi ah ka dib. In 1944, mid ka mid ah madaxda Qaranka Slovakia kacdoonkii ka dhanka ah naasiga iyo dawladaha ay uu noqday.

Gustav Husak dagaalka ka dib

A siyaasigan da'ada yar rajo isla markiiba waxaa uu bilaabay shaqada mas'uulkaas statesman iyo xisbiga a. Laga soo bilaabo 1946 in 1950 uu dhab ahaan kaalin ee Ra'iisul Wasaaraha iyo, sidaas, 1948, wuxuu ka qaybgalay badanoo ka mid ah xisbiga Dimuqraadiga ah ee Slovakia, taas oo ku saabsan doorashooyinka iyo afartan lixaad sano, ku guuleystay 62 boqolkiiba codadkii la. Laakiin 1950, wuxuu noqday dhibane denbigana Stalin iyo inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Klement Gottwald lagu helay views wadaninimo iyo waxaa lagu xukumay xabsi daa'in, uu ku qaatay lix sano oo xabsi ah Leopoldov. In communist a qanacsanahay, wuxuu ka fikiray cadaadis sida ee la xiriirta in ay is fahan ah oo si joogto ah qoray warqado uu oohin ku saabsan hoggaanka xisbiga. Waxa xiiso leh, ka dibna hogaamiyaha xisbiga shuuciga ee Czechoslovakia Aleksandr Novotny diiday inuu wax cafiyo isaga, u sheegay saaxiibo inuu in "aanad garanayn waxa uu sameyn karo, hadii uu yimaado si awood."

hogaamiyaha gobolka Career

Inta lagu jiro de-Stalinization of Gusak Gustav uu dayactirey. Uu xukunka la joojiyay iyo dib ee xisbiga. Tani waxay dhacday sanadkii 1963. Tan iyo markaas, siyaasadda uu noqday koox weyn Novotny oo taageeray reformer Slovak Aleksandra Dubcheka. In 1968, inta lagu guda jiro "Prague Spring", wuxuu noqday Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Czechoslovakia, ka mas'uul ah fulinta dib u habaynta. Markii Midowga Soofiyeeti muujiyay qanacsanayn xoog leh siyaasadda hoggaan cusub, Gusak Gustav ahaa mid ka mid ah kuwa marka hore ku baaqay in taxadir. Waxa uu bilaabay inuu hadlo, shaki ah oo ku saabsan fursadaha ka mid ah "Prague Spring", iyo inta lagu guda jiro faragelin military ku Czechoslovakia by dalalka Warsaw Heshiiska noqday xisbiga in ay wadahadalo u dhexeeya Dubcek iyo Brezhnev. Si lama filaan ah Husak keentay qayb ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah HRC ah, kuwaas oo la wacaya for a "Kanoqo" ee dib u habaynta. In mid ka mid ah khudbado uu, ka dibna wuxuu ku weyddiiyey xogsiin ah oo ku saabsan meesha aad ka soo ururin taageerayaasha Dubcek raadiyo saaxiibo oo kaa caawin lahaa dalka qabsadaan ciidamada Soviet. Tan iyo Husak yeedhay siyaasi waaqiciga ah.

taliyaha Czechoslovakia

Iyada oo taageero ka siyaasadaha USSR si deg deg ah bedelay Dubcek in hoggaamiyaha HRC post. Wuxuu ma aha oo kaliya dib u noqday habka dibuhabaynta, laakiin sidoo kale laga saaray xisbiga ee xisbiga Liberal-ka fikirno. In 1975, Gusak Gustav loo doortay Madaxweynaha Czechoslovakia. Inta lagu jiro labaatan sano oo uu ku xukumay, dalka ayaa weli ka mid ah siyaasadda dhabta ah ee Midowga Soofiyeeti. In sannadaha hore ee uu isagu talada hayey sida Husak isku dayeen in ay dejiyaan dadka cadhooday ee dalka, korinta ee fayo-qabka dhaqaalaha iyo la iska ilaaliyo cadaadiska weyn oo u furan. Isla mar ahaantaana xuquuqda aadanaha ee Czechoslovakia ahaayeen kuwo ka badan oo kooban badan, tusaale ahaan, in Yugoslavia oo wakhtiga Broz Tito iyo siyaasadda dhaqanka xitaa lagu waxa ay ahayd in Romania markii Nicolae Ceauşescu barbar dhigi karaa. Under ku dhigyo xasiloonida ka mid ah adeegyada qarsoon ee dalka ayaa si joogto ah xireen mucaaradka, sida xubno ka mid ah "Charter 77", iyo sidoo kale madaxda ururka shaqaalaha, kuwaas oo isku dayay in uu abaabulo weerarada.

Husak in Zaman ee "perestroika"

The ka weyn, muxaafid more noqday Hsu Gusak Gustav (abaalmarinta uu helay in 1983). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ka todobaatanaadkii ee qarnigii labaatanaad, ayuu xisbiga mid ah kuwa la eryey ka dib markii ay "Prague Spring" laabtay, inkasta oo ay waajib ku ah inay si cad u toobad keenin "qalad." In 80-mada. kadago, kaas oo uu hogaaminayo halganka in ay u fuliyaan dib u habaynta sida "Gorbachev". Waayo, Czechoslovak ah "perestroika" ayuu Ra'iisul Wasaaraha lubomír štrougal. Husak sidoo kale ku hadhay oo dhexdhexaad ah, balse bishii April 1987, ayaa ku dhawaaqay barnaamij ka mid ah dib u habaynta, oo waxay ahaayeen in la bilaabo 1991.

End of mustaqbalkiisa

In 1988, Communists Czechoslovak ka dalbaday in ay hoggaamiye in la siiyo ilaa amar ay jiilka ka yar. In pragmatist ah, Husak go'aansaday inaan aadin meel aad u fog, oo ku heshiiyeen in ay is casilaan, taasoo ka dhigeysa booska uu Madaxweynaha Czechoslovakia. In si la mid ah wuxuu ku sameeyey inta lagu guda jiro "kacaanka maro jilicsan" ee 1989. kaliya wuxuu ku amray in Marian Chalfie ay maamulaan dowladda "trust qaranka" iyo isaga siiyey awood u of December 10 ee isla sannadkaas. Tani waxa ay ahayd dhamaadka rasmiga ah ee Itobiya samaysay by. In isku day quus ah si loo dayactirey, Czechoslovak shuuciga xisbiga isaga hijrooday oo safafka ay sanadkii 1990, laakiin ma iyada ku caawin doorashooyinka. Madaxweynaha dalka ayaa noqday a mucaaradka Václav Havel. Gander in galaya 1991, ku dhowaad dhammaan illowday, ayaa ku dhintay.

Ilaa iyo hadda, taariikhyahanadu ku doodi ku saabsan waxa ay mas'uul ka moral siyaasadan laba sano oo uu ku xukumay Czechoslovakia. Ma wuxuu u xakameeyo hay'adaha dawladda, ama ahaa plaything ka mid ah dhacdooyinka iyo dadka kale? Sanadihii la soo dhaafay ee uu noloshiisa Husak xaq, in uu kaliya doonayay si aad u jilciso cawaaqibka lama huraan ah duulaankii Soviet ee dalka iyo isku dayeen in ay iska caabin ah "rjooga" Xisbiga gudahood. In runta, wuxuu si dhab ah si joogto ah u doondoonay bixitaankii ciidamada Soviet ka Czechoslovakia. Waxaa laga yaabaa in tani saamayn siyaasaddiisa maxaa yeelay, wuxuu had iyo jeer isku dayeen in ay abuuraan aragti ah in dhan "caadi ah."