Cruiser "Aurora" - markab, oo loo yaqaan mid-shot. sifooyinka Main, markab taariikhda

Cruiser "Aurora" waa mid ka mid ah calaamadaha ugu garan karo ee Kacaanka Oktoobar. Laakiin taariikhda doonnida ka mid ah dhacdooyinka badan iyo ololayaal ciidan aan la'aanteed fikradda ah Jidka taariikhiga ah ee markab ku noqon lahaa aan dhamaystirnayn.

mashruuca markab

Dhismaha markab ah "Aurora" (markab oo ka mid ah "Diana") ku bilaabay 1896. Sida laga soo xigtay barnaamijka hore ee Dhismaha maraakiibta, mashruucan ma ahaa in qorshayaasha of raxan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la gaaro dhamaadka xaaladda qarnigii XIX siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ayaa daciifto. Waxa ay ku bilaabatay tartanka hubka ee la Germany. Against asalka this, dowladda loo baahan yahay maraakiibta cusub sida "Aurora".

Markabkan oo ahaa kii saddexaad ka mid ah Cruiser ah ee ay fasalka (labada hore waxaa ku jiray "Diana" iyo "Pallada"). Markabka ayaa jiifsaday Admiralty Cusub. Isaga oo mashruuca waa qoraaga injineer design badda Xavier dagaalyahan. Qabyo la ansixiyay ee Guddiga Farsamada Naval ah, ka dibna bilaabay diyaarinta dhismaha.

In guga ee 1897 Nicholas Emperor ee II bixiyeen 12 fikrado magaca markabka mustaqbalka. Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ku doortay "Aurora" - magac la wareegay ka ilaahadda qadiimiga Roman waaberiga. Xaflad saareen ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay 4-tii June. Waxaa goob joog ka ahaa Admiral General Fleet Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich. Labada kalena waxay Cruiser ayaa dhameystirtay ka hor waxaa jiray "Aurora". Markabka ayaa Baar Liido ka dhigay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in Amarka Fulinta ma ku heshiin waayeen gaarsiinta engine shiilayo awoodaan. warshadaha Society Franco-Ruush markii hore ma doonayaan in ay gaarsiin sawiro qiimo leh deked markab Baltic. Ugu dambeyntii in khilaafka uu ku degay, oo heshiis la saxeexay (July 20).

Start adeegga

May 24, 1900 markabka "Aurora" ayaa la bilaabay. Xafladda ayaa ka dhacay joogitaanka Emperor Nicholas II, naagtiisa Alexandra iyo hooyadiis Maria Feodorovna uu. Waa calaamad in inta lagu guda jiro dhaadhaca on board ahaa badmaaxa ah, ayaa horay u adeegi jireen on markab isla "Aurora", ka qayb qaatay difaaca Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Crimean ah. Rakibaadda mishiino iyo mashiinada kaabayaal bilaabay maalinta ku xigta.

The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee farsamada ee markabka yihiin, oo dhererkiisu - 126 mitir, width - 16 mitir, qabyo - 6 mitir. "Aurora" ayaa barakaca ah ee 6731 tons. Sida samaynta engine doortay kululeeyaha tube biyo Belleville. At awood ah oo ku saabsan 12 kun oo gaari hooras gaari karaan xawaare ka mid ah 35 kiiloomitir saacaddiiba (19 kuus kuus). markabka ayaa ahaa 550 badmaax iyo 20 askari.

Qaar ka mid ah sano doonnidii la tijaabiyey, markaas in 1903 uu ku biiray askartii ka yar amarka Rear Admiral-Andrew Vireniusa. Masiirka dheeraad ah oo doonnidii la xidhiidha Labaad Qiimeynta Pacific, abuuray sabab u dhicin dagaalkii ka Ruush-Japanese. Waxay u tageen inay Port Arthur si loo furo dekedda hareereeyey. Markabka lahaa waddo dheer, kaas oo sida caadiga ah u fidiyey aan ka yarayn hal sano.

dhacdo Dogger Bank

Oo maraya inta ee badda bari October 22, 1904 dhacdo halis ah ka dhacay. Maraakiibta koox dad ah fuliyeen toogasho by markab laga shakiyo la aqoonsan in ayada. Waxaa soo baxay in ay ahayd kalluumaystayaashii British. Laba ka mid ah ayaa la dilay. "Aurora" ayaa sidoo kale hoos dab saaxiibtinimo yimid ay sabab u tahay aragtida dadka saboolka ah. Markabka ayaa helay 5 qolofka. Maadaama uu dhaawac helay dhintay yar ka dib waxa uu ahaa on wadaad markab ah. Munaasabadan ayaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan dhacdo Dogger Bank. Maadaama uu qalad raxan xiriirka ka dhexeeya Russia iyo Boqortooyada Ingiriiska ayaa si dhab ah wax isdabamarin. In si loo caddeeyo daruufaha dhinacyada masiibada ayaa isku raacay in baaritaan of tribunal garqaadaha. Waxay ahayd qofkii ugu horreeyey ee sida ku dhaqanka dunida.

Inkastoo dhacdada, koox dad ah ku sii safarka. Maxay ahayd xaaladda on markab ah "Aurora"? Markabka ayaa si deg deg ah la karkaray, oo dhaawac ah ma keenaan in ay ku noqdaan dalkooda. On jasiiradda of Madagascar inta lagu jiro bad-maax oo la dhigto ogaaday in Port Arthur ayaa ku soo dhacay, iyo koox dad ah ugu horeysay Tihookenskaya dhintay.

dagaalka ee Tsushima

14 ama May 27, 1905, markabka cusub style "Aurora", ka qayb qaatay Battle caanka ah ee Tsushima. Waayo, raxan Ruushka ahaa dagaal weyn iyo rajo la soo dhaafay, waayo, badbaadintu ee ololaha millatari oo dhan. Second Qiimeynta Pacific guuldarro burburiyo. "Aurora" Nasiib - doonnidii la burburay, laakiin aan ku dhiibay oo aan tiimbadeen barbardhigo ugu maxkamadaha kale ee qoyska.

dagaalka markab ka dib helay 18 hits. Barroosinka silsilad loo gowracay, iyo fairlead u gudan karin. The godad ku haray waxyeeleeyeen. May 21, Ulasocto markabka soo dhawaaday Maraykanka ee dekedda leh ee Manila, Filibiin. Markabka ayaa interned. Kooxdu waxay siiyeen a non-qaybgalka qoran dagaal oo dheeraad ah la Japanese ah. "Aurora" iska sii xirtay Manila ilaa saxiixa Nabadda ee Portsmouth, oo ku dhamaaday dagaalka. markab ayaa ku soo laabtay guriga February 19, 1906. Barroosinka in Libau lagu tuuray 458 maalmood ka dib ku dhoofnay doonni ku duulaan oo qayb ka ah Labaad Qiimeynta Pacific ka dib.

Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka

Isla markii dagaalkii adduunka ee koowaad ee markabka-markab "Aurora" yimid si dheregno dekedda sugayaan amar cusub. August 26, 1914 ku dhufatay orday "Magdeburg" ee biyaha Gacanka Finland. "Aurora" tegey inay dhexda markabka Jarmal. baxriyiintii Ruush suuragashay in ay qabsadaan markabka. Later, uu burburiyey, waayo, duugga ah.

Taasi waxaa xigay joogista dheer ee dekedda leh ee Helsingfors. In 1916, ee "Aurora" ayaa galay gacanka Riga oo ka caawiyay ciidamada dhulka la isticmaalayo dab madaafiic culus. In xilliga dayrta markabka dhoofeen Kronstadt dayactirka.

February kacaanka

Inta lagu guda jiro joogista in kabtanka Kronstadt Mihail Nikolsky uu isku dayay in uu iska caabin ah kacsanaan siyaasadeed kacaan, oo la Shafay Warshadda maxaliga ah, taas oo cusboonaysiiyey markabka. Marka shirkadaha weerarada bilaabay. dalabaadka shaqaalaha kala duwan yahay. Qof doonayay in la yareeyo maalinta ka shaqeeya, kuwa kale ayaa ka soo horjeestay maamulka. Xaaladdan oo kale, oo sirkaal ahaa unbaa ka baqeen, waayo, niyadda dadka uu.

February 27 waxaa sii xoojiyeen ilaalada hubka ilaalada markab ah "Aurora". History of markabka ayaa durbaba ka mid ah khatar dagaalo badda, laakiin haddii fallaago ku bilaabay on markabka, saraakiishii count ma waxay ahayd oo kaliya waxa. Waxaa intaa dheer, dabi ayaa lagu faafiyay in ka "Aurora" ka dhigi doonaa markab xabsiga.

Habeeynimadii of Revolution February ah, rabshado markabka. baxriyiintii ayaa joogsadeen inuu adeeco amarka Nikolsky, ka dibna saraakiishii iyaga dab ku furay. Saddex qof ayaa ku dhaawacmay, mid ka mid ah markii dambe ku dhintay ka dhib. Dhanka kale, ee St. Petersburg ayaa hore u dhacay banaanbax ballaaran oo caan ah, iyo dawladda magaalada jiray shiidaa curyaanka.

28 horteeda "Aurora" ayuu ku bilaabay mudaaharaad. Shaqaalaha daadadku markabka. Markii ay ogaadeen in maalin ka hor doonnidii la toogtay, cadhadu kacay. Qanacsanayn sirkaalkii xiray Nikolsky iyo sarkaal kale Ogranovicha. iyaga waxaa la jiray daadsanaayeen sida xarkaha. laba waxa ay ahaayeen in la dilo by goobasho ah oo dibad-fowdo sii kordhaya. Nikolsky lagu toogtay diideen inay tagaan Palace Tauride maro cas gacmaheeda ha ku. Saraakiisha ku guuldareysatay inay doonnida ka dabi ah loo ilaaliyo.

Ciladda 1917 th

In 1917, markabka model "Aurora" weli dagaal-istaahila iyo xad casriga ah. Cruiser, inkastoo dhammaan kharashka dagaalka iyo kacaankii loo isticmaali karo in ay ujeedada looga danleeyahay. dhacdooyinkii February iyo markii la afgembiyey badmaax Boqortooyada ka dib ayaa la aasaasay Guddiga Ship ah. Waxaa jiray badan oo wakiillada xisbiyada garabka bidix, laakiin aan hal Bolshevik.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xagaagii xaaladda u xuub bedelay. Taageerayaasha Lenin si taxadar leh soo shaqeeyay ciidanka iyo Navy. Sidaas daraaddeed way u, dabcan, aan iska indha laga yaabaa sida markab muhiim ah "Aurora". History of doonnidii la si kooban u yaqaan in dhammaan dadka deggan caasimadda. Haddii Bolsheviks ayay u suuragashay in ay ka dhaadhiciso weel amarka on dhinaca, waxa uu noqon lahaa guusha aan u qalmayn.

On the "Aurora" sameeyey xisbiga ugu hadalyaqaan ah dabi (tusaale ahaan, Mikhail Kalinin), oo hoosta ka xariiqay iyada xiriir gaar ah si ay markabka u soo xirtey taagan. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay ma ay sugin. By xagaaga ee guddiga waxay hore u ahayd 42 wakiillo ka RSDLP ah (b). Oo baxriyiintii ayaa waxay bilaabeen inay si firfircoon uga qeyb falalka wadada Bolshevik. July 4 intii lagu jiray mudaaharaad ballaaran oo badmaax Petrograd hoos dab mashiinka-qori ciidanka harsan daacad u ah dowladda ku meelgaarka yimid. repressions ka dhanka ah Bolsheviks ugu dhakhsaha badan bilaabay. Lenin u cararay mutul in Razliv, iyo qaar ka mid ah ragga baxriyiinta ah gaar ahaan ku dadaalaya "Aurora" ahaayeen xiray.

Kacaanka Oktoobar

Bishii September, waxaa jiray guddiga dib-u-doorashada markab kale. Waxaa shir a Bolshevik Alexander Belyshev. Captain ahaa Nikolai Eriksson. Tan iyo dayactirka doonnidii la dhamaystiro, ayuu ugu dhakhsaha badan u lahaa in ay tagaan badda ku tuuraya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, on October 10 kulan ka mid ah golaha dhexe ee Bolsheviks ay go'aansatay in ay kacaanka hubaysan ee Petrograd. "Aurora" waxa aan ahaa kaliya loo baahan yahay sidii markab aad u hubeysan, laakiin sidoo kale sida calaamad muhiim ah.

Bolsheviks The gacanta ma aha oo kaliya markabka, laakiin Soviet Petrograd ah. Sida laga soo xigtay in ay go'aan of October 24 badmaax oo ka tagay markabka ee St. Petersburg. "Aurora" wuu soo Nicholas Bridge. Saraakiisha City dayeen inay hor istaagaan isgoyska si ay u joojiyaan inqilaab ee magaalada, iyo mucaaradka ayaa waxay damceen inay hortago.

Habeenka October 25, markabka galay Neva ah. Kabtanka Erickson markii hore iska caabiyay go'aanka, laakiin weli ku heshiiyeen. Wuu ka cabsaday in badmaax aan xirfadda kaliya beeran doonnidii dhulka ku dhufatay. Nicholas Bridge ahaa in gacmaha Junkers ah. Marka "Aurora" hab ayay ku carareen, iyo taageerayaasha Bolsheviks ayay u suuragashay in ay soo celiso dhaqdhaqaaqa webiga.

shot qalalan

By subaxdii of October 25 Lenin Smolny gacanta kaabayaasha isgaarsiinta oo dhan Petrograd - .. Telegraph, xafiiska boostada, boosteejada tareenka, iwm Xukuumadda ku meel gaarka ah ayaa weli ku jiray Palace Winter ah. Bolsheviks The socdeen si ay isaga ka qalcadda dab, haddii ay dhacdo failure Wasiirrada si ay u gudbin.

Badan ee weerarka ka caawin kara "Aurora"? Nooca markabka iyo hubka loo ogol yahay in ay soo saaraan shot signal a. Bolsheviks ay go'aansatay in ay ka faa'idaystaan fursaddan. Galabnimadii maanta 25 markabka yimid Vladimir Antonov - oo ah madaxa shaqaalaha field of Kala Socotay Lenin ee. Waxa uu amar ku bixiyay kubad bannaan, kaas oo la qorsheeyay in ay soo saaraan ka dib markii ay signal ka soo munaaraddii Peter iyo Paul. Waxaa intaa dheer, Bolsheviks loo isticmaalo raadiyaha in ay "Aurora" in ay u gudbiyaan racfaanka of Lenin.

shot Blank la gariiray soo baxay at 21:40. Waxaa sameeyey Gunnery Yevdokim Ognev. shot waxa uu ahaa signalka for weerarka Winter Palace. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu u sameeyey Wasiirada argagax Dowladda Ku-meelgaarka ah, kuwaas oo naftooda dalku in ay dhufayska ugu danbeysay. Taariikhyahanadu weli ku doodaya ah oo ku saabsan haddii ay jiraan wax macquul ah farsamada ee Field Aurora rasaas at Palace Winter ah. Cilmi-Qaar ka mid ah ku doodayaan in dab on guuldaradii kari waayay xitaa ay sabab u tahay meesha ee goobta markabka. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin rasaas long-range ma ahayd lagama maarmaan. Palace Winter waxay ahayd in ay gacanta u mucaaradka, oo aan gargaar ka mid ah "Aurora".

Raac sheekada

dhacdooyinka ka dhacay inta lagu guda jiro Kacaanka Oktoobar, ayaa noqday ugu caansan "Aurora" for markab ah. History of doonnidii la isla markiiba beddelay image muhiim ah oo dhalashada Itobiya Soviet. Saddex maalmood ka dib dhacdooyinka ee Palace Winter uu dayactir ku soo laabtay. Soon ah "Aurora" ayaa mar kale qeyb ka mid ah raxan firfircoon noqdaan.

In xagaagii 1918 Dowladda Bolshevik weli jilicsan. Petrograd horumariyo ku saabsan weerar White ciidamada Yudenich. Markab Class "Aurora" ma caawin kara dagaal dhulka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la isticmaalo markab yar ka duwan. Markaas Petrograd muuqatay ka hor inta halista faragelinta shisheeye. Bolsheviks waxa uu doonayay inuu daadad ah "Aurora" iyo maraakiibta yar si loo joojiyo Jidka maraakiibta cadowga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, baahida loo qabo tani ma kici.

In nabadda, markabka "Aurora", kuwaas oo sawir ku dhacdooyinkii October ee Petrograd on bogga hore ee wargeysyada badan oo Ruush ah iyo kuwa shisheeye ku dhacay, ayaa noqday markabka tababarka a. Cruiser ka qaybgalay dhowr gayanaya shisheeye. Inta lagu guda jiro guutadii wax kuwan ka faa'iiday kulmaan badmaax cusub RKKF. guuradii tobnaad ee kacaanka ee 1927, "Aurora" waxaa la guddoonsiiyey Order ee Banner Cas.

Markabka la soo dhaafay safar long-range sameeyey 1930, markii uu ku soo koobay ee Peninsula Scandinavian. Markaasuu raacay habeeyn dheer. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagu ma la simi karin xaqiiqda ah in markabka waa out of date. By 1941, waxa uu qorsheeyay in ay sameeyaan in ay ka baxaan ka raxan ah, laakiin waxaa looga hortagi bilawga dagaalka.

Intii lagu guda jiray Leningrad "Aurora" Go'doominta waxaa la hoos geliyey badan oo duqeeyay by diyaarad Jarmal. Bilowga dagaalka, hoggaanka Soviet ay go'aansatay inay ka qayb markab nidaamka difaaca oo magaalada ah. Markabka lahaa qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha yar, taas oo faa'iido u yeelan karo dagaalka ka dhanka ah diyaaradaha Luftwaffe ah. Duqeynta ayaa waxa ay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in markabka uu ahaa wax badan oo ka mid ah godadka. Dabayaaqadii 1941, ayaa baxriyiintii ayaa lagu daad gureeyay. Cayrin on the "Aurora" ayaa joojiyay kaliya ka dib markii u qaadeen go'doominta.

On la dhigto weligeed ah

In 1944 waxaa la go'aamiyay in markabka diri on parking weligeed ah ee qararka Petrograd oo u celi galay matxaf. By waqtiga oo dhan Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxaa jiray ku dhowaad jirin goobaha halyeeyga sida markab ah "Aurora". Tour ee doonnidii la dhigay waajib ah dalxiisayaasha ee caasimada Northern.

In ka badan labaatankii sano ee soo socda, "Aurora" soo martay dersin restorations. In 2014, doonnidii la soo diray in Kronstadt dayactir ku xigta. Waxa uu la qorsheeyay inuu ku soo laabto la dhigto weligeed ah ee qararka Petrograd horay xagaagii 2016.