Cruiser Admiral Hipper (1937-1945): taariikhda abuurista iyo nolol. Navy Jarmal

Markab Jarmal "Admiral Hipper" waxa uu ahaa mid ka mid ah Cruiser fiican culus ee Kriegsmarine lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay qabashada Norway, sameeyay taxane ah oo weerar ku Atlantic ah, iyo dagaalka la soo dhaafay qaaday Sea Barents qabow. mid ka mid ah la soo dhaafay sano iyo bar ah oo uu markab nolol ku hadhay dekedda in xaaladda caretaker.

design

On warqad, markab ay Admiral Hipper muuqday 1934. Waxaa markaas ahayd xarunta Naval uu diyaariyey shuruudaha aasaasiga ah ee markabka cusub. Waa midda koowaade, ka doonni sugitaanka si siman u la soo horjeeda Faransiis iyo British mustaqbalka ka qabtaan. Marka labaad, ee Navy Jarmalka rabay markabka in si deg deg ah u tegi kartaa oo ka baadi-goobka dagaalka cadowga "Dunkirk" iyo "Strasbourg". dhibic Tani aad ayey muhiim u ahayd - model xogta uu ballan qaaday in uu noqdo ugaarsadaha ugu daran Cruiser xawaare ku filan. Ugu dambeyntii, markii saddexaadna qaar, sheyga cusub ayaa loogu tala galay soo ifbaxay hawlgallada in meel bannaan oo Oceanic iyo badda.

Cruiser Admiral Hipper iska nooca eponymous of Cruiser culus. Waxaa la qorsheeyey in la dhiso shan markab sida. Sidaas darteed, marka laga reebo "Hipper" muuqday "Daabacashooyinka Oygen" iyo "Blücher". The kale laba weel "Lützow" iyo "Seydlitz" ma haysan waqti ay ku dhameysan. markab culus "Admiral Hipper" ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii Franz von Hipper, kuwaas oo ku amray askartii ka mid ah maraakiibta German ee Battle of Dogger Bank iyo Yuulland.

dhismaha

Bookmark "Admiral Hipper" ayuu ku bilaabay July 6, 1935 at deked markab ah ee Hamburg. Waxa uu noqday ka dib denunciation reer Treaty of Versailles, waqtiga xadku ah ciidanka Jarmal iyo ciidamada badda. Hitler waxaa diyaarinaya aargoosi iyo provocatively dhaqantay, halka dalalka guul of Dagaalkii Adduunka eegi waxaa ugu dhex Farahaygana. In si ay u bartey badbaadin wajihi dowladda Ingiriiska si uu u dhameystiro heshiis gaar ah oo hoostiisa Navy Jarmalka ayaa helay xaq u leedahay in la kordhiyo ciidamada badda ee ilaa 35% of British ah. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin kooxda Jarmalka ma fiirsan opinion ee horjeeda mustaqbalka oo bilaabay xawaaro deg deg ah si ay isugu diyaariyaan dhiig soo socda.

Intii lagu guda jiray qeybtii hore ee sanadkan waxaa la dhameystiray raso lagu jiro weel dhismaha. February 6, 1937 markab culus oo biyaha ku shubaa. Munaasabada dhalada soo jireenka ah ee champagne burburay naagtii Admiral Raeder, kuwaas oo ku amray raxan ah. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka isna wuxuu u adeegay in xarunta dhexe ee von Hipper, halka bilaabay markab cusub u dhiibay hadalka u qabataan.

Sababo la Military ee deg deg ah ee Germany tartamaan kasta oo laamaha kale ee ciidamada u baahan yihiin oo dhan qalabka cusub, qalabka iyo shaqada. Sidaas awgeed, aqbalaadda ah ee "Admiral Hipper" si joogto ah dib loo dhigay. "Daabacashooyinka Oygen" xitaa dheer dhisay. At Xaflad lagu furayey for markabka this ka goob joog ka ahaa Hitler iyo Ninkaas reer Hungary Miklosh Horti. meeshii ay dhismaha bilaabay in Kiel, taasi oo markii dambe loo tarjumay iyo "hipper". Last muuqday markab "Blucher" ee ay nooca Cruiser culus.

Start adeegga

markab Jarmal «Admiral Hipper» waxaa soo kiraystay April 29, 1939. Waxa uu kaliya gaaray waqtigii - socdo dagaalkii labaad World. The bilood yar oo ay howlgal horeysay markabka la qabtay tijaabooyin baaritaan ku Kiel ah. March 20, 1940 shaqaalihii markabka ayaa la amray in ay markab si Cuxhaven diro. "Admiral Hipper", iyo sidoo kale ku dhowaad dhammaan xubnaha hadda Kriegsmarine ah, loo moodayay in ay ka qayb qaadato duulaanka ka mid ah Norway, kaas oo qeyb ka ah howlgalka "Vezenbyurg" (ama "Tacaaliintiisa on Weser ah") noqdaan.

Cruiser hogaaminayo koox labaad, ujeedada taas oo ahayd qabashada dekedda muhiim ah oo Trondheim. Waxa uu ku biiray by kuwa ku baabbi'inaya "Jacobi", "Riedel", "Ekoldt" iyo "Heinemann". On guddiga "Hipper" ahaayeen signalers, koox xarunta Luftwaffe iyo qayb ka mid ah guutada 83aad iyo Ciidankii ku 138th buurta. Waxay lahaa in ay is ogow ah baytariyada xeebaha Norway.

koox dad ah ayaa ka tagay Cuxhaven April 6 ee xaaladaha cimilada sii xumaanaya. Jidka ayay soo galeen dhicii yar oo ciidamada British. Haddaba British ah ay ka war hayaan dhaq dhaqaaqa ee Jarmalka, inkastoo ay wali waqti dheer oo aan fahmi waayey ujeedada run iyo baaxadda hawlgalka.

"Tacaaliintiisa on Weser ah"

April 8, 1940 on habka ay u markab Norway "Admiral Hipper" ka koorsada hore ka tageen oo waxay u tageen baabbi'iyuhu gurmadka "Bernd von Arnim." Markab Tani waxay isku dhaceen a Markab British "Glouvorm" ee fasalka ka mid ah. Taliyaha ayaa ka mid ah "Hipper" Helmut Heye weeraray markab cadowga inkastoo screens qiiq cadowga iyo torpedoes. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka oo dhan, "Glouvorm" mar ku dhuftay by markab a Jarmal, garaacid kooxdiisa xaq u dhow dhagax biyo joojiyo ah. Waxay ahayd burbur yar, laakiin baabbi'iyuhu British ma aha sidaas si fudud u baxsaday oo ku degtay. Ugu dambeyntii "Glouvorm" lacag "hipper" ramming weerar, cawaaqibta ka mid ah taas oo ay noqotay in la cusboonaysiiyey saddex toddobaad.

On habeenkii ay bisha Abriil 9, markab Jarmalka qotoma waddooyinka Tronhyema. Isku dayga in ay iska caabin ah oo norweji ah waxay ahayd mid aad u yaase u batteriga xeebta rasaas dhowr ah, ka dib markii taas cadowga bixiyey dagaalka kula koox dad ah Jarmalka. Hawsha group qabsoomey. markab The "Admiral Hipper" back to Germany tegey dayactirka.

"Juno"

In May, oo isku hagaajiyey doonnidiina waxay ku dhowaatay in Kiel, halkaas oo xiriir la sameeyay, taas oo ahayd in ay caawiyaan maraakiibta kale ee Jarmal xayiran Norway ay sabab u tahay go'doominta British. Hawlgalka ayaa soo socda waxaa lagu magacaabaa "Juno." Intaa waxaa dheer in ay "Hipper" waxaa goob joog ka ahaa dagaalka ah "Gneisenau" iyo "Scharnhorst" iyo baabbi'in lahaa "Lodi", "Galster", "Shemann" iyo "Shtaynbrik.

On habka ay u Norway kulmay markab British 530-ton ku xakuntay "geed rotem la yidhaahdo" ah. doon yar oo hoos dab 105-mm Jarmal qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha yimid. Si dhakhso ah uu ku xakuntay janjeerin oo ku degtay. Isla mar ahaantaana u dhaqmeen si ka fog "Shemann" degtay markab ciidamada badda "Oil Pioneer."

In "Orama" isla Makhribkii, June 6 "Admiral Hipper" dhisay 1937 janjeerta ah gaadiidka ciidamada British. Markabka in dalkiisa ee Norway ku soo laabtay iyo barakaysan Ingiriisi waa madhnaa (marka laga reebo amarka dhabta ah). Dhowr volleys of projectiles qarxa ku sameeyeen shaqadooda: "Orama" degtay si tartiib ah si hoose ee badda. British The kor saaran Maraakiibta Jarmal.

June 8 markab iyo deriska ku baabbi'inaya oo lagu amray in loo diro Trondheim. Sababtan awgeed, "Admiral Hopper" ka qayb-qaadan kara in burburinta markab xambaara dayuuradaha "ammaanta" ee. Maalmaha soo socda markabka qaatay on waddooyinka ee Trondheim. Markaas, fiidkii on June 20, "Hopper" u tageen inay gargaarka ee toorbiidyo ku burburay "Scharnhorst". Cruiser qaaday beerta la "Gneisenau" iyo "Galsterom". Safarku wuxuu ahaa gaaban. Habeenbadhka "Gneisenau" waxaa deijiyey by-gujiska "Clyde" British. Markab dagaal qaatay biyo badan, iyo xulka lahaa inuu ku laabto Trondheim, oo aan fulinta howlgalka. Sababtoo ah dhaawac u laba markab oo keentay "Admiral Hipper" waxa uu noqday unugga dagaal weyn ee Reich Saddexaad ee biyaha Norwegian North.

Atlantic weerar

Qaar ka mid ah Cruiser caanka ah dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ayaa muddo dheer loo isticmaalo oo kaliya in biyaha jasiiradaha. Sidaas waxa uu ahaa "Admiral Hepper." Kaliya November 30, 1940, ugu dambeyntii wuxuu u sameeyey dheer la sugayay in Dilal badda uu. Mid-Atlantic ee loolka ee Brest-Newfoundland qayboyay la kolonyo British. In zone this, yaalana wadooyinka gaadiidka, kuwaas oo gaadiid ciidamada istaraatiijiga ah iyo xamuulka. Markabka oo lacag la'aan ah oo kaliya, ay awoodaan in ay weeraraan kolonyada waqti in ay ahayd "Admiral Hipper". Cruiser kale caan dagaalkii labaad ee dunida ayaa degan. Against asalka ah xaaladahan, aynu buuq ka dhigi badaha waqooyiga, markabka ayaa bilaabay in ay "Operation Nordzeetur".

December 25, "hipper" helay kolonyo ah oo daboolay markab "Barwick" iyo qaybaha dhowr ah oo Cruiser iftiinka. Markab Jarmal weeraray kooxda, laakiin si aad u hesho khatar halis ah oo soo gaartay, gurteen. By kadis ku faraxsan yahay markabka u suurtagashay in uu markab ka dhaawac la arki karo badbaadiyo.

Iyadoo la macaamilooday kuwii shirka loo baahnayn la wehel ah, ee Captain Meisel cusub ayaa go'aansaday inuu ku laabto Europe. baxriyiintii ayaa ka daalnay dagaal waajib in xaaladaha cimilada iyo jawiga adag. Laakiin maalin jidka ka dib markii dib u France qabsaday "hipper" ugu dambeyntii nasiib. Ship steamship baayacmushtariga weeraray "caansan dalka". The bartilmaameed ka dhacay qoryaha dadwayne, biiray laba torpedoes. Markabka ayaa si deg deg ah ku degtay, laakiin Maisel ka baqay in Ingiriisku u suurtagashay in ay u gudbiyo signal cidhiidhi ah oo ku yaalla meel u dhow kolonyo ah. Haddii uu qabtay "Hipper", ka dibna Jarmalka mar kale lahaa si ay ula dagaalamaan dagaal aan qummanaynu. Sidaa darteed, dhameyso "caansan dalka", sirkaalkii siiyey amarka inuu France tagaan. Dagdagi, Maisel aanu sara kicin guddiga la Hawiyaha Bad ah ee Ingariis ah. Sidaas darteed, dhammaan 111 qof "caansan dalka", ayaa ku dhintay. December 27, "Admiral Hipper" qotoma ee dekedda ah ee Brest.

Azores Battle

Ka dib markii Atlantic safar "hipper" ee u baahan dayactirka. Repair dhab qaatay muddo bil ah, oo horay 1 February 1941 markab mar kale u kacay biyaha badda galay. 11 lambarrada, halka aan ka fogayn Azores ah, markabka Jarmal joogsan oo cawo iyo shot "Aysland". Marka doonnidiina waxay ku dhowaatay Jarmal iyo waxaa loo yaqaan "Dahlia." Haddaba waxaa leh Great Britain. "Hipper" dambeeya allabari kolonyo ay ku degtay.

From badmaax oo u keenay on board "Ayslanda" Maisel bartay oo ku saabsan faa'iido u ah dunida oo u dhow koox buuxda u difaaci karin maraakiibta. Waxay ahayd kolonyo, taas oo ka Freetown (Sierra Leone) tageen. Waxay ka koobnayd badan intii 19 markab oo ay leeyihiin England, Norway iyo Greece. Guusha ugu weyn ee ahaa xaqiiqada ah in kolonyo ahaa gabi ahaanba ka maran wehel ammaanka. February 12, "Admiral Hipper" oo aan caqabad kasta oo ku degtay 7 maraakiibta. 3 dheeraad ah ayaa si xun ugu burburay.

Markuu gaaray guusha ugu cajiib ah adeegyada ay, "Admiral Hipper" in Brest soo laabtay. In March 1941 ayuu u dhaqaaqay magaalada Kiel, halkaas oo uu hal sano ku qaatay. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan markabka la casriyeeyay oo daboolay daboolidda cusub. Bishii Maarso 1942, wuxuu yimid Trondheim. Battlestar filayaa xilli waqooyiga ee la soo dhaafay.

"Regenborgen"

By la go'aaminayo nooca Cruiser culus "Admiral Hipper" lahaa in ay sameeyaan dhexda kolonyo Arctic, amarka Jarmal of raxan ka joojiyey doorashada ee group oo madax ka ah markabka ka. Iyadoo galo USSR galay dagaalka hawlaha la mid ah waxay noqdeen kuwo aad u muhiim ah. kolonyo Arctic u tageen inay Midowga Soofiyeeti ka Maraykanka iyo UK. Iyada oo taageero iyaga qaadeen barnaamijka Amaahi-Lease. Sida laga soo xigtay Route Sea Northern in USSR ku bixisey lagama maarmaan ah in la ciidankii qalabka dagaalka Saddexaad Reich ka qabtaan.

Hawlgalka ayaa si dhexda kolonyo soo socda loo yaqaan "Regenborgen" ( "Rainbow"). Command ku qaatay taliyaha guud ee Admiral Kriegsmarine ku Raeder. Si wadajir ah la "hipper" uu ku lug lahaa weerarka markab culus kale "Lutzow", iyo lix baabbi'in. askartii u baxay inuu badda December 30, 1942. Waxay ahayd habeen kala horjeeda. Maaddaama ay digniin, doonniyihii waxay ku daboolay qolof ah a ah ee barafka, looga hortago isticmaalka qalabka isgaarsiinta iyo qalabka.

"Battle sanadka cusub"

Subaxnimadii 31 December kolonyada ogaaday baabbi'inaya aqoon. Jarmalka waxay ahaayeen nasiib: Ingiriisku waxay go'aansatay in ay iska dareerayay ilaalo ah Soviet. Taas darteed qalad, dab, maraakiibta furan Reich Saddexaad, wuxuu ahaa kolonyo ka mid dhammaystiran lama filaan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, British si deg deg ah saxo uu qalad. Maraakiibta ay dhisay si ay dagaalka, iyo baynamutaan isku qariska dagaalka.

Ka dib markii nus saac ka dib markii isku dhac ah, oo ahaa sirkaalkii kolonyada Robert Sherbrooke bartay dushana laga cabsado "Admiral Hipper". Ujeedada ugu horeeyay ee doortay baabbi'iyuhu markab "Ekeytes", taas oo loogu talagalay dabka la furay. Sababtoo ah ee cimilada iyo askari Jarmal dymzavesy ku dhibtooday inuu hoos ula socdaan markabka cadowga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, at 13 subaxnimo, "Ekeytes" maanshaynay, iyo 80 badmaax oo soo gaaray gurmad u yimid in ay caawiyaan xakuntay ah.

Wax walba oo ka tegey sida qorshaha, Kriegsmarine ah, laakiin waqti khalad Jarmalka si lama filaan ah u muuqday on jid toosan markab Ingiriiska "Sheffield" iyo "Jamaica". Waxay daboolay "Admiral Hipper" dab dilaaga ah. baabbi'inaya Jarmal qabsadeen soo ay maxkamadda, waxay soo dhawaaday aad ugu dhow iyaga oo helay hit dilaa. Dhanka kale, markab kale "Lutzow" tegey oo daba jooga ah kolonyada. Oo sirkaalkii ogaaday inuu qalad, laakiin waxay ahayd goor dambe, wuxuu siiyey amar ay u dekedda tago. Gan ka "Admiral Hipper", kolonyada sii safarka Murmansk Soofiyeeti. failure The hawlgalka keentay inuu is casilo Eriha Redera ka post ee Chief of Navy Jarmalka.

reserve The

Burburay Badda Barents markab «Admiral Hipper» raacay dayactirka, ka dib markii taas oo uu ku qoran reserve iyo joojiyay in Gotenhafene ah. Dhowr jeer hoos kooxda ku dhowaad polutoratysyachny. Bishii Maarso 1944, raaceen by si ay u diyaariyaan markabka hawlaha mustaqbalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aan suurto gal ahayd in la sameeyo wakhtigiisa. Waxaa qaybo ku filan iyo dad joogto ah faragelin hawlaha Midowgii iyo Air Force Soviet ma ahaayeen. qolka kuleyliyaha I №3, gubay "dagaalka sanadka cusub", oo waxba ma ay gelin si. Marka mashiinka dagaal weyn wuxuu ahaa hadda u qalmin xitaa gaaf xeebaha ah.

Waxaan u imid 1945. January 1st Fleet maamulka amar ku hagaagsan "Admiral Hipper" oo ay mataano "Daabacashooyinka Oygen" muddo saddex bilood ah. Dhanka kale, in dekedda leh ee u dhowaanin Ciidamada Soviet. Taas darteed, halkii ay dayactir lahaa in la daadgureeyo ka qabtaan. January 29, "hipper" tagay Gotenhafen, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in uu soo shaqeeyay mid marawaxadaha kaliya. In the "chrome" Intaa waxaa dheer in markabka uu kooxda degeen qeybtii kun sun. Si dhakhso ah, markab ay ahayd meel ay 30 ka mid ah gujiska Soviet "S-13" waxaa tiimbadeen dalaka rakaabka "Vilgelm Gustlov". Captain Hans Henigst sababta oo ah weel ciriiriga ku daray dhaafay lifeboats iyo liferafts, oo dhegtay burburay ee Jarmalka shil.

February 2, "Admiral Hipper" gaaray magaalada Kiel. Maalinta xigta, dekedda lagu weeraray by diyaaradaha British. Intii uu socday howlgalkii markabka helay hits more yar. dab ka qarxay iyo markab gubay on hoose ee aad dekedda fadhiistay. Ka dib markii dhacdo taas, Navy ka joojiyay isku day ah Quudin si dayac ah kibir hore ee Navy. Ka dib is dhiibin ee Reich Saddexaad ee May 1945, "Admiral Hipper" waxaa kala dhantaashay biraha.