History of Russia, marxaladaha kala duwan ee Dagaalkii Sokeeye

In this article waxaan eegi doonaa tallaabooyinka Dagaalkii Sokeeye, iyo sababaha iyo natiijooyinka, waxaad baran kartaa dadka kale.

Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Russia ka dhacay qarnigii 20aad, ee u dhexeeya kooxaha bulshada kala duwan, kuwaasi oo ay madax u ah Bolsheviks iyo soo horjeeda ay. Ujeedada labada dhinac - si uu u qabto awoodda dawladda. Ilaa hadda ma jiro iswaafiqitaan ku saabsan taariikhda dhicin dagaalkii ee Russia. taariikhyahanadu Qaar ka mid ah waxa ay u yeelaan October 1917, halka kuwo kale - ee guga-xagaaga '18.

Marxaladaha dagaalka sokeeye ee Russia:

1. Wajiga koowaad ee dagaalka sokeeye uu bilowday bishii May iyo November ee '18 la formation of xarumaha dhaqdhaqaaqa ka dhanka ah Bolsheviks ah. Bishii February, in Petrograd (hadda St. Petersburg) iyo ciidamada Moscow SRS oo ka mid ah arday iyo Mensheviks la abuuray by "Ruush nooleenta Midowga". In March, waxaa jiray "ilaalinta Midowga Freedom iyo hooyo" hogaaminayo B. V. Savinkova. dhaqdhaqaaqa Anti-Bolshevik dhex Cossacks ka faafin. On Urals ay koonfurta waxaan madax A. I. Dutov iyo Kuban iyo Don - hiddo. PN Krasnov. In North Caucasus waxaa la aasaasay Volunteer Army hogaaminayo L. G. Kornilova iyo M. V. Alekseeva, kuwaas oo markii dambe u noqday sal u ah dhaqdhaqaaqa White. Iyada oo taageero ka hiddo taliskii Jarmal dhigay Ukraine. Krasnov.

Laga soo bilaabo May 1918 waxaa la fuliyay in siyaasadda ee waxa loogu yeero Ruush "shuuciyad dagaal." Bishii September, wadanka bilaabay siyaasad ah "argagixisada cas" iyo "argagixisada cad."

Bishii Maarso ee isla sannadkaas ciidamada Faransiiska, Maraykanka iyo England ayaa ka degay Murmansk, ciidamada Japan - in Vladivostok, Germany degan dhulka ee Ukraine, Crimean iyo qayb ka mid ah waqooyiga Caucasus. In May, in Urals ah, gobolka Volga iyo Siberia bilaabay ciidamada Czechoslovak hadalka anti-Soviet, taas oo ka koobnayd inta badan maxaabiista hore ee dagaalka. Natiijada fallaago oo intaasu waxay ahayd markii la afgembiyey xoogga Soviet in Siberia iyo Urals ah, iyo formation xiga ee dowladda cusub ee Mensheviks iyo Socialist-kacaan oo arday ah.

July 17 ayaa la toogtay iyada oo aan maxkamad qoyska boqortooyada.

In dayrta ee '18 ciidamada Czechoslovak gaadhay River Volga ah. Under amarka Vatsetis (ka July 19 - Kamenev) iyaga ka gees ah waxaa la aasaasay Front Bari, kan kara inuu ku garaacday Czech in ay qabsadaan Samara, Kazan iyo Simbirsk. Wejiga kowaad ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey dib u soo celinta awoodda Soviet in Urals iyo gobolka Volga ah.

2. marxaladaha kala duwan ee dagaalka sokeeye: labaad. Foomamka xarunta of kacdoonkii dalka oo dhan, dhaqdhaqaaqa ka dhanka ah Bolsheviks ahaa ee ay Perigee.

November 1918 - AV Kolchak rogay Directory iyo abuurayaa talisnimada a military. Isagu wuxuu isu leeyahay "Sare Qaadirka Russia oo dhan." Markaas Denikin midoobeen Waqooyiga Caucasus iyo Kuban iyo Don Volunteer Army inta lagu guda jiro VSYUR in July 1919 waxaa horay u jiray in ka badan 160 000 oo qof. ciidanka Tani, hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Denikin bishii March '19 qabsatay Donbass. Dhanka waqooyiga ee dalka iyadoo la kaashanayo Entente ee uu hoggaaminayay General E. K. Millera sameeyay ciidan, NN Yudenich ayaa isku diyaarinaya March a on Petrograd, iyo in Ukraine taageerayaasha Petliura isku daraa ay xorriyadda. The qorshaha ka mid ah madaxda kuwaas oo ay dhabarjab ku tahay taliskii Soviet, taas oo ay awoodi waayeen in ay gutaan sababta oo ah tartan iyo khilaafaadka.

In marxaladda labaad ayaa sidoo kale la ballaariyo baaxadda faragelinta, bixitaankii ciidamada wadamada kale si ay territory of Russia. In April-August '19 baxeen ciidamada Mareykanka, England, Germany iyo France.

3. Stages of Dagaalkii Sokeeye: saddexaad (March 1919 -1920 GG.). Markan dagaallada muhim, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo u caddaatay in guusha halganka waayo, xoog, Bolsheviks ku guuleystay.

In November '18 bilaabmaa weerar hogaaminayo Kolchak. On 25 December, ciidamada uu degan Perm, oo 31 ka mid ah isla bishaas ay horay waxaa hakiyey. In March '19 ciidanka Kolchak bilaabmaa weerar xagga Volga ah, waxa ay qaadataa Ufa, oo soo socda inuu Samara oo Simbirsk. In April '19 ciidamada Eastern Front joojiyay isaga, iyo xagaaga ee Siberia tuuraa. Qanacsanayn this guerillas siyaasadda abaabulo caasinimo ah. Bilowga ee '20 shot Kolchak.

In May '19, hoos amarka Yudenich bilaabmaa weerar on Petrograd, oo istaago Army Cas. Bishii October, ciidamo ka riixay Yudenich ee Estonia oo halkaas hubka.

In July 1919 Ukraine qabsatay Denikin oo uu bilaabo weerar on Moscow. Ciidamada uu by September qabsatay Eagle, Kursk iyo Voronezh. Horraantii 1920, ciidanka Denikin ee ahayd la jebiyey, iyo xoogga Bolshevik ee koonfurta dalka ku soo celiyey.

4. wajiga ugu danbeeya ee dagaalka sokeeye (1920 lagu qabtay - 1922.).

Bishii Abriil 1920 Wrangel doortay "taliye oo dhan koonfureed ee Russia." Waxa ay qaab ah "ciidanka Ruushka", taas oo uu bilaabo weerar Donbass. Bishii October, ciidamo Wrangel ku adkaaday iyo dib u Crimean kexeeyey. guuldaradii of Wrangel calaamad u ahayd dhammaadkii dagaalka, inkastoo ay iska caabin ah meelo ka mid ah ku sugnaa gudaha gobollada xadka ee Russia ka.

Ruush khasaaraha ku jira marxaladaha of sokeeye dagaalkuna ay wada weyn. Tirada dadka hoos u dhacay 12 milyan oo qof, iyo guud ahaan waxyeelo dhaqaale lacag ka badan 50 bilyan. rubles.