American Indian-Mohawk. Taariikhda iyo dhaqanka qabiilka

Iroquois - dadka ku nool gobollada dhexe ee Maraykanka iyo Canada. Kooxdani waxa ay qowmiyadaha caan ma aha oo kaliya ee ay tahay muuqashada aan caadi ahayn, laakiin sidoo kale taariikh xiiso iyo dhaqan. Maanta waxaan kuu soo bandhigi safar xiiso meelaha qotada dheer ee Harooyinka Waaweyn , iyo in ka badan oo ku saabsan sida in ay ku noolaadaan a hooyo bartaan American Indian Mohawk.

Waa maxay League ee Iroquois ah?

Ajnabiga ee 1570 waxaa ay ahaayeen isbahaysi ka mid ah Iroquois la yidhaahdo League ee Haudenosaunee. Markii hore, waxbarashada this ka mid ahaa shan qabiilooyinka, oo Oneida, Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga iyo Seneca. Later, ee 1770, si ay ugu biiraan League ee Haudenosaunee qabiilka Tuscarora ka soo hijrooday gobollada koonfureed ee Maraykanka (hadda Eastern Carolina).

Maadaama uu xiriir dhow qowmiyadaha, dhaqan iyo bulsho ee kooxaha oo dhan, oo halkaasna waxaa joogay Iroquois Hindida ah. description qowmiyadaha ma la samayn karaa iyada oo aan sifooyinka qabiilooyinka in biiray Haudenosaunee League ee. Sidaa darteed, waxaan eegaynaa qabiil walba oo dheeraad ah.

Oneida Tribe

Oneida - qabiilkii reer Iroquois League. Markii hore, farcankiisa ku noolaa gowroco New York, iyo markaas ku istiwooday dalka waqooyi Wisconsin (meel u dhow Green Bay). "Man of dhagaxa go'an" - si kasta isugu yeedhaan soo baxay qabiilkii Oneida Hindiya, Iroquois ah. Taariikhda Magaca la xiriira hab dhaqameedka degaanka. Sida ay legend, bartamaha tuulada ugu weyn Oneida mar walba kaalinta a dagax weyn weyn oo cas. dhagax waxay noqotay astaan muhiima oo qabiilka.

Mohawk Tribe

Mohawk (Mohawk ama) - Indian American North qabiilka ku nool gobollada bari ee New York State. Haudenosaunee League ayaa kooxdan loo yaqaan "iridjoog bari." Maanta magavki - taasi waa qabiilka ugu badan ee isbahaysiga Iroquois ah. Hadda waxay ku nool yihiin gobollada ee Ontario iyo Quebec (Canada).

The xiriirada ugu horeysay la qabiilkii reer Yurub Mohawk ka dhacay 1634, markii la isugusoo dhulka American Holland. Mohawk Iroquois kale ka hor waxay bilaabeen inay ganacsi la Yurub.

Laga soo bilaabo qabiilka Mohawk waxay ahaayeen shakhsiyaad caan ah sida Dzhozef Brant (sarkaalka in ciidamada British ah, isaga qudhiisa ku kala duwanaayeen inta lagu jiro Kacaanka War American ah), Kateri Tekakwitha (Quduuska ah Roman Catholic Church) iyo Polin Dzhonson (Atariishada caanka ah Canadian iyo qoraa).

Cayuga Tribe

Qabiilka Cayuga asal ahaan ku noolaa degaanka ee Cayuga Lake dadyowga oo ka mid ah Seneca iyo Onondaga dhexeeya. Maanta Faracoodii ku nool gobolka Ontario (Canada) iyo Perrysburg (New York, USA).

Native qabiilka Cayuga waa Harry Farmer - ". Man Dhimatay" jilaa caan Canadian, oo noqday in filimka "Academy Police" oo mahad caan

Onondaga qabiilka

wakiilo qabiil North American Onondaga isugu yeedhaan "dadka buuraha." Markii hore, dadka la qabtay dhul ku yaal waqooyi-galbeed ee Gobolka New York. Laakiin ka dib markii ay dagaalkii of Independence oo ka mid ah qabiilka United States soo hijrooday dalalkan oo qabsadeen qeybo ka mid ah Ontario (Canada).

Waa in la ogaadaa in ee League ee Onondaga Haudenosaunee qabiilka noqday "walaalo weyn", ie. E. qabtay xilal hoggaamineed ee Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Seneca Tribe

Oo barbariyiintiina qabiilka Seneca ah isugu yeedhaan "dadka buurta". Haddaba dadkan ku nool xeebaha Seneca Lake, oo ku yaalla koonfurta Ontario iyo River Genesee ee la gowroco New York. Markii hore, Seneca degan dhul balaaran oo ka New York in Pennsylvania.

Laga soo bilaabo taariikhda ay qabiilkii

Tan iyo qarnigii line Iroquois qabsadeen dhul baaxad weyn oo u dhexeeya webiga St. Lawrence River iyo Lake Ontario. Wixii muddo dheer ah oo ay ku noolaayeen jawi algonkinoyazychnyh qabiilooyinka (Ojibwa, gadaal, Hindidaasi) oo la dagaallameen joogto waayo, dalkoodii.

The xiriirada dhow League ee Iroquois ku hayo la Holland. baayacmushtariyaasha Yurub ka qabiilooyinka degaanka iibsaday Beaver hargaha iyo halkii ay ku arzuqnay hubka. Marka dhan beavers ee aagga u dhexeeya webiga St. Lawrence River iyo Lake Ontario ayaa la gooyay, Holland riixay Iroquois inuu dalka cusub ee ay qabsadaan. Tani waxay keentay in bilowgii waxa loogu yeero Beaver Wars. In 1660, Iroquois ka bilaabeen inay he'adaha New France. Magaalooyinka ayaa taageeray deegaanada ay, si qabiil North American bilaabeen inay guul darro. Dhanka kale, ciidamada British qabsadeen gumeysi reer Holland ee New Netherland, jarida Iroquois oo ka mid ah wada-hawlgalayaasha ugu muhiimsan ee ganacsi.

In 1688, dagaal ka qarxay dhaxalka Ingiriisi dhexeeya France iyo Britain. In khilaafka this, Iroquois waxay ahaayeen dhinaca of British ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, qabiilooyinka North American si ay u taageeraan ee Dagaalkii Faransiis iyo Indian. Labadan isku dhacyada ayaa gabi ahaanba beddelay dheelitirka awoodda ee qaaradda. Iroquois ayaa noqon gebi ahaanba ku tiirsan tahay sahayda hubka ka England.

Iroquois ee Kacaanka War American ah

In 1775 wuxuu bilaabay Kacaanka War American. In khilaafka this, by qeyb galay, oo gacanta ku hal, boqortooyada United oo daacad u ah (ie daacad u ah dawladda British ..), Oo dhinaca kale ah - 13 deegaanada British. Inta badan Hindida lagu jiro dagaalka ku dooday dhexdhexaadnimada. Golaha Great Haudenosaunee League sidoo kale markii hore ku hadhay dhexdhexaad ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1777, Iroquois waxay ahaayeen dhinaca of Great Britain. Sababta ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay this ahaa in England ahaa hubka qeybiyaha weyn qabiilooyinka North American. Intaa waxaa dheer, maamulka gumeysiga reebnay barbariyiintiina ay ku fadhiisato galbeed dhulka ee Buuraha Appalaachian ah in ay ka fogaadaan colaadaha la Hindida ah.

Dagaalka ka dib, United Kingdom dalka reer Iroquois siiyey gacanta Maraykanka. Muddadan Haudenosaunee League joogsatay si uu u jiro. Qayb ka mid ah Iroquois woqooyi dhaqaaqay - in dalka la siiyey taaj Ingiriiska ay taageero dagaalka. Qabiilooyinka kale qeybtii Haudenosaunee League ku hadhay dhulka ee New York.

Dhaqaalaha iyo nolosha ee American Iroquois

Sidaas, sida uu ku noolaa oo keentay nolosha fudud Indian-Mohawk? Features of dhaqanka ee qabiilooyinka North American ah oo ku noolaa ee gobolka Great Lakes, aasaasay sarkhaansan arrimood dibadda. Dalka deggan Iroquois ah, run ahaantii waxay ahaayeen on fatihi buuraha. dalalkan oo waxaa qariyey kaymaha cufan oo waxay hareereeyeen by wabiyada iyo harooyinka. cimilada ka dhigay qaybta gaar ah qabiilooyinka North American ah.

Iroquois The ku noolaa guryaha waasac waaweyn - ovachirah. Waxay la dhisay qaab ah qaab leh Saanqaag Fidlo ah foosto-qaabeeya.

dalagga ugu muhiimsan ahaa qabiilooyinka galleyda. beeraha mashquulin qaybo badan (ilaa 9 km ee gacan). Intaa waxaa dheer, Iroquois u beerayaa digirta iyo bocorka.

Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 18aad waxaa si firfircoon waa la soo koraya ganacsiga military iyo dhogorta. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab ah in ay xirto xiriirada iyo ganacsiga la degay ee. Yurub qabiilooyinka North American ayaa bixisey Beaver pelts, kaas oo la isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee koofiyadaha dhogorta. shaqada beeraha, sida caadiga ah, ku hawlan si gaar ah dumarka.

nolosha siyaasadeed ee Iroquois ah

In nolosha siyaasadeed ee qabiilooyinka North American booskaasi ku xukuma Haudenosaunee League. xubnaha ayaa looga baahan yahay inay dhexdooda loo ilaalin lahaa nabadda. Madax Council League waxyi, oo ka kooban 50 sachems. xubnaha ay soo doorteen hooyooyinka dhalmada. Golaha Regulation si gooni gooni ah looga hadlay by qabiil walba, ka dibna go'aan loo dhan yahay. Hogaamiyaha kasta qayaxan yaabaa xukunka kasta. Go'aanka koowaad ee Golaha hadlay Mohawks, ka dibna - Seneca iyo Oneida, iyo ugu dambayn - Cayuga iyo Onondaga.

Dhamaan sharciyada iyo caadooyinkii qabiilooyinka Haudenosaunee League ayaa la diiwaan geliyey in ay "Book of Law weyn." Waxaa xusid mudan in Dastuurka Mareykanka ayaa lagu qaabeeyey dokumentigan.

Qaab-dhismeedka bulshada ee qabiilooyinka North American

unit ugu weyn ka mid ah qalab Iroquois dadweynaha ku dhashay, kaas oo lagu madax qof dumar ah. xubnaha leeyihiin lahaanshaha wadareed ee dalka iyo dhulka beeraha. Qabiil kasta u dhashay magac gaar ah qoyska. Sida caadiga ah, waxaa la xidhiidha magaca xayawaanka. Dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee haweenka ayaa si firfircoon uga qayb guddiga bixinta. Ugu kulan ee ay sachems doortay - Golaha Madaxdii.

Halabuurka The ka mid noqon kara qabiil ka 10 ilaa 3 genera. Sidaas, at the Seneca, Onondaga iyo Cayuga waxaa jiray 8, halka Mohawk iyo Oneida - 3.

Iroquois Imaansho

Caadiga ah American Indian-Mohawk, photos of kaas oo hoos lagu soo bandhigay, lid ku ah opinion caanka ah maanta, ma xiran timaha "Mohawk". Ragga iyo hoggaamiyayaasha qabaa'ilka, sida caadiga ah, gebi ahaan wuu xiiray timaha. Waxaa hadhay oo keliya yar "ee qufulka madax".

Iroquois view xagjirka ah qaatay oo kaliya inta lagu guda jiro ololaha milatari iyo ciidaha waaweyn diinta. Timaha in yar kaliya u ekaa caan ah ayaa maanta oo yeynan askartii soo xirtay qabiilka Onondaga ah. Waxay si buuxda u xiiro timaha, kaliya strip yar oo ay weheliso xarunta of madaxa, taas oo ka dibna uga taxeen oo galay xarig koob ah.

fikradaha diineed

Markii hore, aasaaska diinta ahaa totemism Iroquois ah - waxay rumaysan yihiin in xayawaanka ka sarraysa. Xayawaanka u adeegi jireen sida hawlaha Protection eponyms panulirus intii lagu jiray dagaalka, patronized beeraha iyo ugaarsiga. Tusaale ahaan, Mohawk, socday dagaal, siday iyaga la hubka ee la qabiilka image totem ugu weyn.

diimaha Kuwani more dhawaan helay muhiimadda ganacsiga. Iroquois The rumeysan yahay in qabiilka aad u baahan tahay in ay soo ugaarsadaan xoolaha totem ay. In xidhiidh la leh this aad loo jecel yahay ka mid ah Hindida North American isticmaalaa nidaam ee orsada.

Intaa waxaa dheer, in nolosha diinta muhiimada Iroquois ka helay diimaha beeraha. Qabiilooyinka waxay caabudeen oo dalka qadarin iyaga daruyuschuyu xoog. Gaar ahaan caan ahaa nidaam ka mid ah "saddexdii gabdhood oo walaalahood-kalkaaliyayaasha" - dalagga ugu muhiimsan (galleyda, digirta iyo squash).

Waa in la ogaadaa in Iroquois hor qabiilooyinka kale North American leh baridda Christian dhaceen. Diinta Yurub ugu danbeyn noqday qayb muhiim ah oo noloshooda. Currently, Iroquois yihiin Christian.

Farshaxanka dagaalka Iroquois ah

Ka dib markii formation of the League awoodda military Haudenosaunee qabiilooyinka hore kala duwan si weyn u kordhay. Ka hor inta aan hubka xiriir Yurub Iroquois ka koobnaa iyo qaansooyinka iyo fallaadhaha, warmo iyo kooxaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay ku gaashaammadii alwaax in difaaco jirka, madaxa iyo lugaha hubka. Bilow ganacsi ku mashquulsan Holland keentay in isbedel nolosha military qabiilooyinka North American ah.

Yurub iyaga qeybinayay qoryaha iyo toorreeyo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isbedelka kuwan waxaa si degdeg ah oo aan bedelay yaqaan in ay difaaca Iroquois (qaanso iyo arrow). hordhaca ah ee hubka uu ku diiday ka mid ah loox ka samaysan alwaax. Tan iyo markaas Iroquois ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay in ay codsan xeeladaha cusub ee dagaalka ku - farsamo khasaarinayay dagaalka.

Iroquois The ahaayeen kuwo ka badan sare ee isticmaalka hubka ee alaabta cusub ka badan qabiilooyinka kale North American. Tani waxay gacan weyn ka geysatay xiriirrada ganacsiga dhow la leh Yurub.