Diyaarinta ethylene

Polymer ama ethene - waa midab, gaas ololi kara la Muscat khafiif ah iyo urta udgoon. Its formula kiimikada C2H4. Ethene waa alkene ugu fudud (Consort roodhida isagoo mid ka mid ah bond double dhexeeya atamka carbon ku xiga). mass gaws - 28,05 g / mol. barta barafku - -169,2 ° C, heerkulka kulul - -103,7 ° C. Mitidiin ah - -136 ° C, autoignition ah - +542,8 ° C. In 1680, I. Berger (dhakhtar Jarmal iyo farmashiyaha) oo aalkolo ah ethyl markii loo feydo saliidda vitriol (sidaas loo yaqaan halka sulfuric acid) markii ugu horeysay lagu dhammeeyo helo ethylene ka ethanol. formula The dhismaha of ethylene ee 1860, la dhiso farmashiyaha Ruush A. M. Butlerov falcelinta ee iodide methyl naxaas. gaaska Tani waa wax yar xumbo hawada, waa liidata L. biyo, in qase organic, - fiican.

ethylene Diyaarinta iyo waxbarasho ee hantida, bilowgii taasoo la xiriirta qarnigii 19-ka ayaa keentay in maanta in ethylene waa xarunta ugu caansan organic. Its saarka dunida oo dhan ayaa soo gaaray in ka badan 109 million tons sannadkii 2006. Maanta, helitaanka ethylene sii wadaan in ay umuuruhu. By 2010, waxa la soo saaray oo aan ka yarayn 117 shirkadood ee 55 dal. Polymer waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida wax cayriin ee wax soo saarka ee polyethylenes of sevilene cadaadiska sare iyo hoose iyo qalabka kale ee polymeric helay in habka of copolymerization la comonomers kala duwan. Sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa wax soo saarka ee ethylbenzene iyo styrene, xabagta ethylene, chloride vinylalkohol, copolymer vinylalkohol, acetic acid, khamriga ethyl oo tones ethylene.

Maxaa sababay koritaanka awoodda wax soo saarka, loogu talagalay in lagu helo ethylene ah? Inta badan ballaarinta suuqa qalabka polymeric. nooca polyetylen baabbi'in in ka badan nus ka mid ah wax soo saarka adduunka ee ethylene. Qoraalkani wuxuu ku polymeric waa caag ah ugu ballaaran loo isticmaalo dunida. Sababta oo ah waxa la sameeyo film ujeedooyin kala duwan. Toosan Alfa-olefins helay oligomerization (formation of silsilado polymer gaaban) waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida barametereka, saabuun, plasticizers, saliidaha dardaro, lagu daro, iyo sida comonomers in wax soo saarka ee polyethylenes. Isticmaalka kale ee muhiimka ah ee jihada ethylene - waa ay qayilo in ay soo saaraan, taas oo waa wax ugu weyn ee cayriin ee wax soo saarka ee wakiilada dusha-firfircoon oo xabagta saabuun ethylene. xabagta polymer waa la hoos geliyey fuuq iyadoo ay sabab u ethylene helay. Waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa sida qabow ka hor taga ah baabuurta.

Maanta, diyaarinta ethylene waxaa lagu fuliyaa asal by pyrolysis ee shidaalka si toos ah orod ama jajab balaadhan oo ah Consort iftiinka. In Russia iyo USSR hore waxaa jira rakibo awoodda kala duwan dhisay labadaba gudaha (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) iyo teknoolajiyada shisheeye (Linde AG). wax soo saarka ee hadda jira waxa loo qaybin karaa saddex kooxood: (. 300 iyo 450 oo kun oo tan oo ethylene sannad kasta) awood yar yahay (. 30 iyo 60 tan oo ah sanadkiiba of ethylene), Dhexdhexaad (. 100 iyo 200 oo kun oo tan sannadkii) Oo sare. Yaa ee dunida waxaa ka shaqeeya warshad leh awoodda badan ka weyn, ka 400 500 iyo xataa ilaa 800 oo kun oo tan oo ethylene sanadkiiba. Tani waxay kordhinta wax soo saarka u ogolaanaya si loo yareeyo kharashka wax, tamarta iyo caasimadda gaar ah.

Diyaarinta ethylene waxaa lagu fuliyaa ee warshadaha kiimikada, oo ay ku jiraan warshad pyrolysis, unit-soociddiisa gaaska ah, samaynta demineralizer. wax cayriin - gaaska ama jajab kale saliid laambadda ee turxaan ama isku dhanna waa la uumiga biyaha (habka a for yareynta formation of coke in tuubooyinka foornada). wax xumu bixisey in foornada pyrolysis, halkaas oo heerkulka a of 750 in 900 ° C sameeyay pyrogas ka kooban hydrogen iyo Consort kuwaas oo u taagoo ku jira mid ka mid ah (methane) si labaatan atamka carbon. Heat ee pyrolysis loo agaasimay qalab gaar ah, kaas oo la soo saaray ka biyo loola dhaqmo ee uumi kar sare, iyo qaboojiyey pyrogas galo pyrolysis ku unit-soociddiisa cusbi (culus) iyo pyrocondensate. Intaas ka dib pyrogas ay ku jiraan inta badan Consort ka C1 in C4, waxaa bixisey in turbocharger ah (marawaxadaha kexeeyey by uumi kar), kuwaas oo cadaadis la quudiyey si muxaadaro column nidaamka kala go'idda gaaska. Waxaa jira qoondeynta ah waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah sida ethylene iyo propylene (ay wax soo saarka, sida ethylene marka la barbar dhigo, had iyo jeer in laba jeer ka yar), oo ku-burka ah hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, jajab butylene-butadiene, daamur iftiin pyrolysis ama qaybaha baatrool avtmobilnyh.

Sidoo kale suurto gal ah si ay u diyaariyaan ethylene pyrolysis horseed. In heer warshadeed, habkan ma aha dhaqan, inkastoo uu tijaabo ee dalka in ay waqti ku qaadeen ma aha oo kaliya in goobaha shaybaarka, laakiin sidoo kale in deegaan warshadeed. Faa'iidada waxaa suurtagal ah in la yareeyo heerkulka pyrolysis by isticmaalka Xoojiya. By kordhaya selectivity ah (selectivity) ee habka aad u korodho, sida pyrolysis ku kaamerada marka la barbar dhigo, dhalidda ee ethylene iyo propylene, hoos u formation of by-products, iyo coke. Currently, cilmi ee dalal kala duwan ayaa ka shaqeynaya dhinaca raadinta Hannaan iyo hardware nidaamka wax ku ool ah design.