Weldability bir: soocidda. weldability koox steel

Steel - Waa wax ugu weyn ee dhismaha. Waa daawaha-carbon bir la content a of nijaasta kala duwan. Dhammaan qaybaha waxaa ka mid ahaa in ay ka kooban, saamayn sifooyinka ingot ah. Mid ka mid ah sifooyinka farsamada ee biraha waa awooda si ay u sameeyaan welds oo tayo sare leh.

Arrimaha go'aaminta weldability ee steel

Qiimeynta weldability of steel soo saaray qiimaha weyn ee index - carbon _Equatorial dhiganta _C. Wehliyaha Tani waxay shuruud ka tarjumaysa xaddiga saamaynta of content ee carbon iyo xubno alloying weyn ee sifooyinka Weld ah.

Weldability of steel by arrimaha soo socda la asiibay:

1. content The carbon.
2. Joogitaanka sunta.
3. Degree of alloying.
4. View microstructure.
5. xaaladaha deegaanka.
6. dhumucdiisuna biraha.

The dhimaya ugu wargelin ah waa Halabuurka kiimikada ah.

steels koox weldability

Marka la eego arrimaha oo dhan, weldability ee steel waxay leedahay astaamo kala duwan.

Qoondaynta oo ah steels for weldability.

• Good (qiimaha a of _Equatorial C ≥0,25%), waayo, qaybaha steel carbon hooseeyo; madax bannaan yahay dhumucda sheyga, hawada, helitaanka shaqo diyaarinta.
• Qanco (0,25% _Equatorial ≤S ≤0,35%), waxaa jira xadeynta xaaladaha deegaanka iyo dhexroor ee dhismaha in la welded (heerkulka si -5, in cimilada deji, oo dhumucdiisuna 20 mm).
• Kaydiyey (0,35% _Equatorial ≤S ≤0,45%), waayo, formation of Weld tayo u baahan bandhigay hore. Waxay kordhinayaan in "la simi" Isbadal ku austenitic, formation of dhismeedka xasilloon (ferrite-pearlite, bainitic).
• Poor _(Equatorial P ≥0,45%): formation of Weld mashiin deggan macquul aheyn oo aan geesaha hore biraha heerkulka diyaarinta, iyo sidoo kale daaweynta kulaylka xiga ee dhismaha welded. Si ay u sameeyaan microstructure la doonayo, kululaynta iyo qaboojinta dheeraad ah dheecaan.

weldability of Groups steel mid si fudud loo maraan sifooyinka farsamada wata magac gaar ah oo alxanka Alloys bir-carbon.

daaweynta kulaylka

Iyadoo ku xiran kooxda u dhiganta weldability ee steels iyo sifooyinka farsamada, sifooyinka wadajirka ah welded waxbaa laga beddeli karaa by yahay ee saameynta isku xigta heerkulka. Qoondee 4 habka aasaasiga ah ee daaweynta kulaylka, adkaansho, tempering, annealing oo caadi.

The ugu caansan waa qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed iyo tempering qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed iyo xoog isku mar Weld, stress yareeya, ka hortagga arrinkaas. tempering degree waxay ku xiran tahay qalab iyo guryaha la doonayo.

daaweynta Heat dhismayaasha biraha shaqada diyaarinta waa la fuliyay:

• annealing - in laga nafiso walaacyada gudahood biraha, hubinta ay debecsanaanta iyo pliability;
• hore kululeeyo si loo yareeyo farqiga heerkulka.

heerkulka vliyaniemi maamul wanaag aad u oggol yahay:

• si ay u diyaariyaan wax shaqo ah (in ay ka saarto oo dhan walaacyada gudaha by shiidi badar ah);
• yareeyo gradients heerkulka on biraha qabow,
• loo hagaajiyo tayada shayga welded by saxo microstructure kulaylka.

guryaha Edit buugga by isbedel heerkulka waxaa laga yaabaa in maxaliga ah ama guud. qarkiisa waxaa kululeeya gaaska ama qalabka korontada. Si aad u kululeeyo qaybta oo dhan iyo Foornooyinka gaar ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa qaboojinta siman.

Saamaynta of microstructure on Guryaha ah

nuxurka geedi socodka daaweynta kulaylka ku salaysan transformations dhismaha gudahood ingot iyo saamaynta ay biraha bedesheen. Sidaas darteed, markii hadalo kulul ay u heerkul ah 727 C waa qaab austenitic hadhuudh isku qasan. habka qaboojinta go'aamiso fursadaha qaab beddelidda:

1. Inside foornadii (xawaaraha 1˚S / min) - sameeyay qaab-dhismeedka pearlite la engegnaantiinna ah oo ku saabsan 200 HB (Brinell engegnaantiinna).
2. In hawada (10 ° C / min) - sorbitol (hadhuudh ferritic-pearlitic) engegnaantooda 300 HB.
3. Oil (100 ° C / min) - troostite (microstructure ferrite-cementite), 400 HB.
4. Biyaha (1000˚S / min) - martensite: adag (600 HB), laakiin qaab dhismeedka acicular jilicsan.

Alxanka xarunta waa in uu leeyahay qalbi engegnaantooda ku filan, xoog, tilmaamayaasha tayada ductility, si kastaba ha ahaatee astaamaha Weld martensitic ma aha mid la aqbali karo. Alloys carbon Low waa ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic, qaab-dhismeedka ferritic-austenitic. steel dhexe iyo srednelegirovannye - pearlite. High-carbon iyo sare - troostite martensitic ama in ay muhiim tahay in la keeno maanka ferritic-austenitic.

Alxanka ee steels carbon

Weldability waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa qaddarka steels carbon iyo nijaasta carbon. Waxay ay gubaan, jeestay galay qaab gas iyo Wax siinta porosity Weld tayadiisu hoosayso awoodaan. Baaruud iyo fosfooraska yihiin at cidhifyada badar ah, sii kordhaya nuglaanta badan ee qaab-dhismeedka. Alxanka ee ugu fudud, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u baahan tahay hab u gaar ah.

Carbon steel tayada caadiga ah u kala qaybiyey saddex kooxood: A, B iyo C. shaqada alxanka ayaa waxaa lagu fuliyaa leh bir ah group B.

Weldability ee fasalada steel VSt1 - VSt4, sida ay GOST 380-94, lagu gartaa la'aanta ah ee xayiraad iyo shuruudo dheeraad ah. Alxanka details dhexroor ilaa 40 mm waxay dhacdaa iyada oo aan kululaynta. stamps macquulka ah tilmaamayaasha: T - content sare manganese, kp, Sabuurka, sp - "karaya", "semi-dilay," "dejiyaan", siday u kala horreeyaan.

tayada steel khafiif ah wakiil la astaan ka dhigan jajab boqol carbon, oo tilmaamaysa heerka uu deoxidation iyo content manganese (GOST 1050-88): steel 10 (sidoo kale 10PP, 10ps, 10G), 15 (sidoo kale 15kp, 15 Sabuurka, 15g), 20 (sidoo kale 20kp, 20ps, 20g).

Si loo xaqiijiyo in pool Weld tollayn tayada waa in qabashada geedi socodka of robab la manganite carbon C iyo Mn.

Hababka alxanka:

1. MMA isticmaalaya dhexroor gaar ah koronto hore calcined ah 2 ilaa 5 mm. Noocyada: E38, (waayo-xoog-dhexaad ah), E42, E46, (waayo, xoog wanaagsan ilaa 420 MPA,), E42A, E46A (xoog sare naqshado sir ah oo ay howlgal ay jiraan xaalado gaar ah). dhengedihii alxanka 5 iyo GMM UONI 13/45 sameeyaa hoos hadda joogto. Work by electrodes ku CM-7, oma-2, CM-11 waxaa lagu fuliyay sifooyinka kasta hadda.
2. alxanka Gas. More inta badan waa aan la jecel yahay, lakiin waa macquul. Waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo silig filler St-08, St-08A, 08GA-St, St-08GS. nizkouglerodistyj bir ah oo dhuuban (d 8mm) welded habka bidix, qaro weyn (d 8mm) - midig. Qasaaraha Weld guryaha waxaa suurtagal ah in meesha laga saaro by caadi ama annealing.

Alxanka steels carbon hooseeyo shaqeeyaan iyada oo aan kululaynta dheeraad ah. Wixii faahfaahin ah qaab sahlan oo waxaa jira xayiraad lahayn. Volumetric iyo truss dhismeedka muhiim ah in la ilaaliyo dabaysha. walxaha Complex la jecel yahay in Weld ee warshad heerkulka a aan ka yarayn 5 ° C.

Sayidka, VSt1 shaambadda - VSt4 steel 10 - steel 20 - weldability wanaagsan, shiidaa aan la xadidayn, calanka u baahan tahay xulashada gaarka ah ee habka alxanka, nooca koronto iyo sifooyinka hadda.

Dhexdhexaad-iyo-carbon sare steel dhismaha

daawaha carbon robab yaraynaysaa awooddiisa ah inuu abuuro goysyada wanaagsan. Heerkulka habka of ARC saamaynta olol gaaska ama baaruud wxbarashada on cidhifyada badar, taasoo keentay in brittleness, fosfooraska - in brittleness qabow. Inta badan welded qalabka doped la manganese.

Tani waxaa ka mid VSt4 tayo leh steel dhismaha caadiga ah, VSt5 (GOST 380-94), tayada 25, 25g, 30, 30G, 35, 35g, 40, 45G (GOSTt 1050-88) metallurgy kala duwan.

Nuxurka hawlgalka waa in la yareeyo xaddiga carbon in robab biraha Weld pool dhexdeeda Silicon iyo manganese, hubinta technology aan fiicnayn. Waxaa muhiim ah si looga hortago khasaaraha carbon xad-dhaaf ah, taas oo keeni karta in lagu qasayo ka mid ah guryaha farsamo.

Maqaallo steels alxanka la dhexdhexaad ah iyo content carbon sare:

1. bandhig doono arrinna wuxuu 100-200˚S Noqtay in width ah 150 mm. VSt4 brand Kaliya iyo steel 25 welded aan kulaylinta dheeraad ah. Waayo, dhexdhexaad ah la weldability qanci, ka hor bilowga shaqada si loo soo saaro caadi ah oo buuxda. Waayo, carbon sare annealing diyaarinta loo baahdo.
2. Arc alxanka waxaa lagu fuliyaa calcined electrodes bilowda in size 3 ilaa 6 mm (Tau-2aad,-UONI 13/55,-ELN 7) hoos hadda joogto dahaarka. ay suurtagal tahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan in ka daadanayo a dhexdhexaad ah ama gaasas ilaaliya (CO _2, argon).
3. alxanka Gas sameeyaa carburizing olol hab tagay si ay u kulul hore ilaa 200 ° C at heerkulka hooseeyo alxamaad a korontada uniform.
4. daaweynta kulaylka sharciyeeynta qaybood: demin iyo tempering ama kirada gooni ah si loo yareeyo walaaca iyo gudaha ka hortagga arrinkaas, Jilcinta of martensite iyo dhismayaasha troostite hagaajiyey.
5. Resistance alxanka kaalinta waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyada oo aan xayiraado.

Sayidka, dhexe- to-carbon sare steels dhismaha waxaa welded la shiidaa xayiraad lahayn, heerkulka dibadda ah oo aan ka yarayn 5 ° C. At heerkul hoose kululaynta iyo daawaynta bilaabin kulaylka oo tayo sare leh oo looga baahan yahay.

Alxanka steels daawaha hooseeyo

steel Alloyed - steel waa in inta lagu guda jiro barafku cokan Biraha kala duwan si ay u helaan guryaha la doonayo. Ku dhowaad dhammaan iyaga ka mid ah waxay leeyihiin saamayn togan ku saabsan engegnaantaada iyo xoog. Chromium iyo nickel ka mid ah kulaylka Alloys adkaysi iyo ahama. Vanadium iyo barti siiyo Silicon, waxyaabaha loo adeegsado soo saaridda of ilo. Molybdenum, manganese, titanium, kor loogu qaado iska caabin ah ay xirtaan, tungsten - engegnaantooda aawadeed cas. Isla mar ahaantaana, saamayn wanaagsan ku sifooyinka qaybaha, ay duleeyaan weldability ee steel. Intaa waxaa dheer, la kordhiyo heerka uu qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed iyo formation of dhismeedka martensitic, walaacyada gudaha iyo halista ah ee dildilaaca ee tolay.

Weldability steels daawaha sida lagu qeexay by Halabuurka kiimikada ay.

carbon Low, low-alloyed 2GS, 14G2, 15g, 20g (GOST 4543-71), 15HSND, 16G2AF (GOST 19281-89) waa in la welded. ma Under xaaladaha caadiga ah u baahan yihiin kulaylinta dheeraad ah iyo daaweynta kulaylka on dhamaystirka geeddi-socodka. Xaaladdan oo kale, in kastoo ay jiraan xayiraad qaar ka mid ah:

• kala duwan cidhiidhi ah ee hababka kaamerada la aqbali karo.
• Work fuliyay heerkulka a -10˚S ma hoose (hoos xaaladaha heerkulka Hawada yar yahay, laakiin ma hoos -25˚S codsan preheating 200 ° C).

siyaabood ee suurtagal ah:

• Arc alxanka leh xoog DC a of 40 ilaa 50 A, electrodes ee E55, E50A, E44A.
• ARC alxanka Automatic biyaha hoostooda la isticmaalayo silig filler 08GA-St, St-10 ha.

Weldability 09G2S sidoo kale 10G2S1 wanaagsan ah, shuruudaha iyo siyaabood ee suurtagal ah ee isku samaynaya sida in Alloys 12GS, 14G2, 15g, 20g, 15HSND, 16G2AF. An muhiim sifo 09G2S Alloys 10G2S1 wax loo baahan yahay diyaarinta laayeen waxyaabaha ay u 4 cm dhexroor.

steels alxanka Srednelegirovannoj

Srednelegirovannye steel 20HGSA, 25HGSA, 35HGSA (GOST 4543-71) saaraan iska caabin weyn in formation of dun unstrained. Waxay ka tirsan tahay koox la weldability lagu qanci karo. Waxay u baahan yihiin pre-kululaynta si heerkulka 150-200˚S, ee dun multilayered, demin iyo tempering dhamaadka alxanka. Embodiments:

• xoog hadda iyo dhexroor ee koronto marka alxanka ARC si adag loo doortay ku xiran tahay oo dhumucdiisuna waxay biraha, iyada oo la tixgelinayo in ku laayeen khafiif ah xoog u sakhiray in ay demin inta lagu jiro shaqada. Sidaas darteed, markii wax soo saarka ah ee 2-3 mm qiimaha dhexroor ee hadda waa in uu ahaado gudahood 50-90 A. Marka dhumucda cidhifyada 7-10 mm awood DC ee polarity soo horjeeda hadda korodho 200 A isticmaalaya 4-6mm electrodes. dhengedihii isticmaalay la cellulose ama calcium blaastiigga fluor-difaaca (18HGSA-St, St-18HMA).
• In hawlgalka, gaashaamashada gaaska CO ₂ waa lagama maarmaan in la isticmaalo silig St-08G2S Sv-10G2, 10GSMT-St, dhexroor St-08H3G2SM ilaa 2 mm.

Inta badan qalabkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa habka alxanka TIG ama biyaha hoostooda.

Heat u adkaysta iyo xoog sare steels

Alxanka leh thermostable bir-carbon 12MH daawaha, 12H1M1F, 25H2M1F, 15H5VF waa in la sameeyaa leh preheating in heerkulka 300-450˚S la demin final iyo cadho.

• Arc habka alxanka ansixin Cascade tollayn multilayer isticmaalaya electrodes calcined dahaarka UONII 13 / 45MH, CCR-3, 30-63-Champions League, Champions League-39.
• gaaska ee alxanka alxamaad 100 dm ³ / mm isticmaalaya qalabka filler Sv-08HMFA, St-18HMA. xiriir biibiile waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo kulaylku gaaska hore ee wadajirka ah oo dhan.

Marka alxanka qalabka-xoog sare srednelegirovannoj 14H2GM, 14H2GMRB muhiim ah in lagu hogaamiyo xeerarka la mid tahay sida steels kulaylka u adkaysta ah, iyada oo la tixgelinayo qaar ka mid ah Gudigga ah:

• Nadiifanta dhan ee geesaha iyo heysata isticmaalka dheri.
• The koronto heerkulka sare calcination (ilaa 450˚S).
• Preheating in 150˚S wixii faahfaahin ah oo dhumucdiisuna waxay ka badan 2 cm.
• tollayn qaboojinta gaabis ah.

steel-daawaha sare

Isticmaalka technology gaar ah lagama maarmaan marka alxanka steels-daawaha sare. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid kala duwan oo weyn bir, Alloys kulaylka u adkaysta iyo kulaylka u adkaysta, qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah: 09H16N4B, 15H12VNMF, 10H13SYU, 08H17N5MZ, 08H18G8N2T, 03H16N15MZB, 15H17G14A9. Weldability of steel (GOST 5632-72) iska leh kooxda 4-tii.

weldability bir-carbon-sare Feature sare:

1. Waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay hoos u hadda celcelis ahaan by 10-20% ay sabab u tahay iyagoo conductivity kaamerada hooseeyo.
2. Alxanka waa in la sameeyaa leh farqi, electrodes ilaa 2 mm.
3. Dhimista of fosfooraska, lead, baaruud, midabyo, wayneeyo of joogitaanka molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten dahaarka leh adigoo isticmaalaya ulood oo gaar ah.
4. Baahida loo qabo si ay u sameeyaan isku dhafan microstructure Weld (ferrite + austenite). Tani waxay bixisaa ductility ee biraha shubo iyo yareeyo walaaca gudaha.
5. geesaha looga baahan yahay kululaynta alxanka Xaawa. Heerkulka la doorto ee kala duwan ee ka 100 ilaa 300˚S, taas oo ku xidhan naqshado ee microstructure.
6. Selection of electrodes dahaarka leh ee alxanka ARC waxaa lagu qeexaa by nooca hadhuudh, sifooyinka iyo xaaladaha hawlgalka qaybo, waayo, 12H18N9 steel austenitic: UONII 13 / VAW, RLA-7 RLA-14 dahaarka-06H19N9T St, St-02H19N9; waayo, 20H17N2 steel martensitic: UONII 10H17T, AN B--10 daahan St-08H17T; waayo, 12H21N5T steel austenitic-ferritic: Champions League-33 daahan St-08H11V2MF.
7. Marka alxamaad gaaska alxanka feed waa in dhigma qiimaha 70-75 ^dm3 / mm loo isticmaalo silig filler - 02H19N9T-St, St-08H19N10B.
8. Suurto gal shaqeeyaan biyaha hoostooda la isticmaalayo VAW-8.

Steel Weldability - dhimaya qaraabo. Waxay ku xiran tahay Halabuurka kiimikada ee biraha, ay microstructure iyo guryaha jirka ah. Sayidka awood u leh inay sameeyaan xidhiidh tayo sare leh waxbaa laga beddeli karaa via hab farsamada ula kac ah qalab gaar ah iyo xaaladaha shaqada.