"Waxa uu ku dhintay Abwaan ..." Verse Lermontov ee "Dhimashada gabayaa". Yaa Nagi Lermontov "Death of gabayaa"?

Pushkin iyo Lermontov - laba magacyada in xaq u leedahay agagaarka noqon for a sababo dhawr. Marka hore, waxay yihiin aagga loo siman yahay farshaxanka. taariikhda laftiisa Oo weliba, Faray dhimashada mid ka mid noqday goobtii ah in dadka kale ee wadanka oo dhan.

laba ka mid ah Maskaxbadan

Marka ee 1837, barashada xafiiltanka ka dhinto, soo boodo ku dhaawacmeen, ka dibna dhimashada Pushkin, Lermontov qoray "Abwaan dilay ..." ayuu baroor, isaga qudhiisuse wuxuu ahaa arrin caanka ah ee wareegyada suugaanta. Biography Creative Mikhail Yurevich hore bilaabo, uu gabayo jaceyl back to 1828-1829 sano taariikhda. Waxaa si degdeg ah u korayo sidii lyricist a, isagu waa caasi, naxdinta, bakhaar Byronic. Gaar ahaan xusid mudan yihiin jacaylkiisa gabayo - "miskiinkii", "aad cagaha Ma ..." iyo kuwo kale oo badan, ayaa muujinaya in si akhristaha riwaayadaha oo qoto dheer oo waayo aragnimo Lermontov ee. Oo rayidka ah, garabka kacaan, gabayo u qalmaa badan oo dareenka. Waa wakhtiga si ay xirfadaha ahaa gaaban Mikhail Yurevich. qorayaasha caanka ah isaga la hadashaa, oo ah ixtiraam iyo saadaalin mustaqbal weyn. Oo sanam, macallinka ruuxiga ah iyo mentor of Pushkin, ayaa sheegay in Lermontov. Maxaa yeelay, xanuun sida khasaaro shakhsi, wuxuu qoray: "Waxa uu ku dhintay Abwaan ..."

Halyeeyada iyo wararka xanta ah

ma ay shakhsi caan ah - macquul ma ahan. Inkastoo taariidhyahanadu iyo biographers, waxoogaa yara by in ay soo ururiyaan macluumaad ku saabsan dadka weyn, wax weyn ayaa weli aan la garanayn. Sidaas kiiskan - yaa garanaya - waxaa laga yaabaa in la furo hore weligood xaqiiqooyinka la aqoon, oo waxaa soo baxday in Abwaan dhintay, ie, Pushkin, weli ugu yaraan hal mar ka hor inta uusan ku gilgilose gacmaha la Lermontov ama daadan isaga Eray saaxiibtinimo ... Marka, saaxiibo is aad ugu yaraan waxay lahaayeen badan. Gogol iyo qoyska Karamzin, Zhukovsky iyo Smirnova-Rosset, Odoyevski. Xitaa walaalka ka yar Alexander, playboy ku tuseysa inuusan Lovushka, foororsatay oo Lermontov in Pyatigorsk iyo Michel goob joog muran la "Daanyeer" - dhaartay "saaxiib" a iyo mustaqbalka killers Martynov uu. Waxaa jira warar aan toos ahayn in labada hanad weli seen - Koox yar oo cilmaani ah ee Vsevolozhsk. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ay u soo dhowaadaan waxyaalaha uu ku dayan Mikhail kuma uu dhicin, ayuu welwelay, iyo dhamaan qof waqti Pushkin ku mashquulaan ... Sidaas dhintay Abwaan, iyada oo aan la uu mustaqbalka ee ugu muhiimsan ee ka hadlaya, in uu ahaa macnaha nolosha ee labada, oo ku saabsan hal-abuurka. Laakiin waxaa la og yahay in Pushkin ayaa si joogta ah u tilmaamay, xoog iyo si qoto dheer, calaamado cajiib ah oo tayo sare Lermontov.

History of abuurka

Sidaas daraaddeed, laga bilaabo February 1837 naxay Petersburg, Moscow, ka dibna dhan Russia laba dhacdo, laga yaabee in muhiimada loo siman yahay. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - in "qorraxda ee qorrax gabayada Ruush" in Pushkin dhintay. Markaasaa kii labaad - caadi ah in liisaska iyo xusuus, hillaac caasimada waqooyiga leafless, wax soo saarka ee "Death of gabayaa." Verse Lermontov noqday xukun dadka cilmaani ah oo ku dhawaaqay in carshiga oo gabay uguma, boqorkii uncrowned cusub. In ay ka shaqeeyaan soo saarka, sida muuqata, Lermontov bilaabay sida ugu dhakhsaha badan uu maqlay warar xan ah oo ku saabsan xafiiltanka ka dhimasho iyo dhaawac ah. Daabacaaddii koowaad taariikhda dib ugu February 9 (January 28), marka weli u tari jirtay rajo ah in Pushkin noolaan lahaa. Inkastoo, iyadoo la rajaynayo denouement naxdinta, Mikhail dhammaanaysaa weedha "Oo uu bushimihiisa print ...".

"Dhimashada gabayaa" (aayadda Lermontov ee) kaabaya soo socda 16 khadadka of February 10, marka la ogaado, inaan Pushkin mar dambe ma yahay. Waxaa markaas ahaa, ka dib xusay wariye Pan, shaqada Lermontov ayaa qori kun oo jeer, in uu korka.

"Abwaan A ee Russia - in ka badan gabayaa!"

caan gabay ee ay gaareen heer sida in la wargeliyo oo ku saabsan "qof weyn" a. reaction gooyo ahaa deg-deg ah - qabashada guri, ka dibna link soo socda ee "dhibco kulul" ee Caucasus. Lermontov ahaa xanuunsan waqtiga, maxaa yeelay, Brig aan la soo diray. Laakiin saaxiibkiis Rajewski, kuwaas oo inta lagu guda jiro raadinta helay qoraalka dhab qabtay wuxuu u diray gobolka Olonets. Waayo, waa maxay dulli si aan naxariis lahayn? Waayo, meel aadanaha iyo dhaqan-siyaasadeed ee aasaasiga ah. Ka dib oo dhan, ayaa Nagi Lermontov "Death of gabayaa"? Ma aha oo kaliya la yaab leh qoraaga tayo Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu, no! Talent tahay Ruush ayaa had iyo jeer lagu deeqsinimo ka fadilnaa, oo aan dalka Ruush iyaga skudeet ilaa maantadan la joogo. shaqada Lermontov Pushkin ee - caqabad la'aan cibaadaysi iyo addoonsiga, neefta ka mid ah oo cusub, hawada saafi ah, oo lacag la'aan ah, ma wasakhaysan servility, meanness iyo baseness. Oo isna wuxuu u yeedhay Pushkin kajan ah si hubaal ah: "Waxa uu ku dhintay gabayaa! - sharaf addoon dhacay ... "Lermontov, kuwaas oo laba eray waa isku mid. Abwaan A Ilaah oo run ah, by dabiicad ahaan ma awoodo inuu la jiifsado, samayn karaahiyada ah, lid ku ah damiirka iyo fikradaha sare moral. Sida ka hadlay shaqada saaxiibada ee dhintay, "ayuu gabayo of Mr. Lermontov ee wanaagsan, waxay u qori kartaa mid ka mid ah oo la si fiican u yaqaan iyo jeclaa noo Pushkin. "

muhiimadda taariikhiga ah

Gabay "Abwaan dilay" Lermontov qaadataa meel suugaanta Ruush gaar ahaan. Dhab ahaantii, waa horrayn iyo ugu awooda badan marka la eego farshaxanka, dhibcaha guud gabay Pushkin - qiyamka uu "hanad yaabka" caan ah oo Russia. Isla mar ahaantaana, xaqiiqda aad uu qoraal - tilmaame iyo aqoonsiga qaranka Lermontov qudhiisa, booskiisa madaniga ah, moral iyo siyaasadeed. Sida uu qoray naqdiya Druzhinin, Mikhail Lermontov ma aha oo kaliya ugu horeysay u baroortay Abwaan, laakiin sidoo kale ugu horeysay ee ay u dhicin inay ku tuuraan ka "aayadda birta" wejiga kuwa gleefully ku xoqeen ayay gacmihiisa oo ku majaajiloodeen masiibada dhammaado. "Markaasaa boqorkii wuxuu ahaa waa dhintay - Boqorku ha noolaado!" - si loo qoondeeyey laga yaabaa kacdoon shacab oo ku saabsan waxyaalaha qarsoon weyn ee taariikhda la xiriira dhimashada Aleksandra Pushkina iyo xaqiiqda ah in "Abwaan dilay" (aayadda Lermontov ee) ka dhigay kuwa wanaagsan qorayaasha sare Ruush.

gabayo Suugaan

"Dhimashada gabayaa" - waqti isku mid ah ODE iiddii iyo korhin adag. Gabay ku jira, oo gacanta ku hal, ee niinasaa oo ku saabsan aqoonsiga Pushkin weyn. On kale - dhaleeceyn cadhooday oo dhexdhexaad ah leexinaaya uu, bulshada cilmaani ah madax u ah boqor iyo sharaf ugu dhow, taliyaha bilayska Benkendorf, Koox ka mid ah dhaleecayn iyo censors, kuwaas ma doonayaan in ay ku nool yihiin iyo daacad ah, xoriyad-jecel ah oo caqliga leh, dadnimo iyo Nuur fikradaha iyo hadafyada daalaeday bulshada. Sidaa darteed haatan iyagu qabsadeen maskaxda iyo nafaha dadka dhalinyarada ah ka hoos mariya harqoodka of falcelin siyaasadeed. Emperor Nicholas marna ha ilaawin ku saabsan dhacdooyinkii December 14, 1825, markii ruxmay carshiga taliyayaasha Ruush. La yaab ma laha "Dhimashada gabayaa", si bayaan ah ayuu u mahadnaqayo sida rafcaanka kacaanka. line Odic qoraal ah shir quduus, style "sare" iyo waxa ku jira erayada ku habboon. Garneel sidoo kale loogu tala galay in Buzadag bilicsanaanta adag. Sayidka, Lermontov dhigay midnimada yaab habboonaanta kala duwan ee noocyo.

Halabuurka ee maansadu

"Dhimashada gabayaana" - gabay leh si cadaalad ah oo adag iyo waqti isku mid ah oo cad, iyo sidoo kale u maleeyay-baxay iyo Halabuurka abaabulay. Sida ay content ku dhex jira waa jajabkii dhowr si cad Sharaf. Mid kasta oo macquul dhameystirtay, waxaa la kala duwanaayeen ay Attam, ay pathos soo jireenka ah iyo fikrad. laakiin waxay yihiin hal unug oo waxaa waajib ah in macnaha guud ee shaqada. Falanqaynta ka kooban, waxaa suurtagal ah in la aqoonsado maadooyinka iyo fikrad ah shaqada.

Theme, fikrad, dhibaato

Qaybta koowaad ka kooban yahay 33 khadadka, firfircoon, cadhooday, ku nuuxnuuxsaday, in dhimashada Pushkin - ". dunida" ma natiijada dabcan dabiiciga ah ee dhacdooyinka, laakiin dilka ujeedo iyo ula kac ah qof, oo keliya ku caasiyoobeen aragtida Dhimashada - Cadaab isku day, sidaas darteed, adigu noqon, joogaan run in tayadiisa iyo code of sharaf. Lermontov kooban oo sax ah. Waayo, dilaaga soulless gaar ah la a catcher "farxad iyo saf ah" "qabow qallafsan" waa aayaha aad ( "aayahooda inay dhacaan xukun"). Mikhail Tani arko macnaha masiibada, "Faracii kuwa kibirka leh oo ka mid ah" dhalmada meanness caanka aanad cafiyin khudbado accusatory in uu cinwaanka. Waxayna ka Cabsan dhaqanka ee -Raaxaysta- iyo serfdom, maxaa yeelay, iyagu - ku saleysan oo ka mid ah fayo-qabka ah ay la soo dhaafay, hadda iyo mustaqbalka. Oo qof kasta oo isku daya in uu encroach iyaga on, waa in la tirtiraa! No arrinta gacanta Dantes Faransiis ah, ama qof kasta oo kale. Ka dib oo dhan, Lermontov qudhiisa ku dhintay dhowr sano ka dib by "Dantes Ruush" - Martynov. Qaybta labaad ee gabayga (23 khadadka) waa loo siman yahay si digression ah. Mikhail ma dib xunuun ku uu barbaro si qoto dheer gaarka ah iyo jeclaa in image ee Pushkin. gabayo waxaa ka buuxa tirooyinka gabay: .. jeedan, su'aalo ku celcelis ah, exclamations, iwm Qaybta dambe (16 khadadka) - mar korhin ah, digniin amaanaa sare, xukun rabaani ah, markii maxkamadda iyo taariikhda in ciqaabi doonaa dambiilayaasha iyo qiil aan xaqa qabin. line kuwii nebiyada, maxaa yeelay, sida ay u dhacday ...