Waa maxay tartanka interspecific? tusaalooyin

ecology Population - anshaxa cilmi ah, taas oo tix kala duwan ee xidhiidhada u dhexeeya noolaha ay leeyihiin dadka kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah foomka of dhexgalka sida tartan interspecific. In this article waxaan eegi doonaa qaababka ay, nidaamyada dhacdo of halgan ee territory, cunto iyo arrimo kale oo abiotic ee noolaha ku nool biogeotsinozah dabiiciga ah iyo macmal ah.

Species iyo sifooyinka ay deegaanka dabiiciga ah

Inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta taariikhiga ah ee taxa noolaha (kooxaha haysta aqoonsiga caadi ah) ku habboon nooca abiotic iyo arrimo biotic. hore waxaa ka mid ah cimilada, Halabuurka kiimikada ah ee ciidda, biyaha iyo hawada, iwm, oo uu ka labaad u - .. Saamaynta noocyada qaar ka mid ah nolosha oo dhinaca kale ah.

Shakhsiyaadka ka mid ah noocyada degaan meelaha qaar ka mid ah degaanada u di'in. Rucubyadooduna waxaa loo yaqaan dadka. Community of hal nooc oo xiriir joogto ah la dadweynaha of noocyada kale. Waxaa uu qeexayaa in ay meel in la lafaguro, oo la yiraahdo Misbaax dhawrista.

Interspecific tartanka, tusaale ka mid ah oo laga wada hadli doonaa maqaalka, waxaa lagu fuliyaa si toos ah meelaha of isa safafka noocyada kala duwan ee bulshada iyo waxay keeni kartaa in eynu ee dadka ka mid ah mid ka mid ah. Tusaale ahaan, in tijaabo G. Gause saynisyahano Ruush yeelatay laba nooc oo ciliates on mid dhexdhexaad ah. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay bilaabeen in ay si firfircoon badanayaan iyo koraan kharash ku kale. Sidaas darteed, nooc ka mid ah oo taharyar junuud gabi ahaanba ka reebtay ah (bakhtiyeen) 20 maalmood.

Waa maxay natiijada goobaha isa

Haddii dhulka laba nooc oo kala duwan oo degaanka meelo ka mid ah biotope ku milmaan u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka kici kala duwan oo xoog leh oo ku filan in qaab dhismeedka dibadda, waqtiga la baaluqo iyo weheshiga ruux. Waxaa loo yaqaan sifooyinka kabayso.

Ubucda ah oo aagga deggan noolaha ah ee noocyada mid kaliya, dadka ay isugu yimaadeen bulshada, wakiil shaqsiyaad ka mid ah noocyada kale. Waa in la ogaadaa in kiiska labaad u dhexeeya dadka ficil ahaan waa tartan interspecific lahayn. Tusaale la finches arkay xitaa Charles Darwin ee Islands Galapagos intii uu safar adduunka oo ku saabsan markabka "Beagle" - oo xaqiijin ah cad.

Sharcigu waxa uu ka saarida tartan

saynisyahan The kor ku xusan G. Gause diyaariyey sharciga deegaanka oo muhiim ah: haddii trophic iyo dadka kale ee baahida laba nooc oo kala duwan oo la mid ah, kuwaas oo taxa ayaa ku tartamaya. Tani waxay sii meesha ay noolaanshaha on degaanka isla, sida dhacdaa tartanka therebetween interspecies. Tusaale ahaan in ay muujinayaa - waxaa daabka tirada kaluun, Rudd baran--cunidda balli isla. shiil Roach firfircoon dheeraad ah iyo voracious, si ay si guul leh Leexin kaluun dhalinyarada iyo Rudd.

taxa Sympatric iyo allopatric

Waxay kacay sidii natiijo ah oo speciation juqraafi. Ka fikir noocyada loo yaqaan allopatric. Si ay u sharxaan xaqiiqda ah ee ay u saftay, isticmaalaan xogta ee cilmi dhul iyo paleogeography. Tijaabada ah ee bulshada sida tartamaan si adag oo ku filan, tan iyo markii ay u baahan yihiin khayraadka cunto isku mid ah. Waxaa la sifo this waxa lagu gartaa tartanka interspecific.

Tusaalooyinka xoolaha bandhigi speciation juqraafi, - oorso yar oo xeeb ku nool a North American iyo minkiga. Dhowr boqol oo kun oo sano ka hor, Asia iyo North America ayaa ku xiran by goob dhulka.

On waynaha, deggan noocyada hooyo ee jiirka. Marka waxaa jiray Strait Bering ah, dadka Euro-Asian iyo American ka mid ah xoolaha ay sabab u tahay kala sameeyay a noocyada cusub, ku tartamaya kasta oo kale. Farqiyada u dhexeeya shakhsiyaadka dadka waxaa lagu wanaajiyey iyada oo sababtu tahay sifooyinka barakaca.

waxaa suurtagal ah in la yareeyo tartan interspecific?

mar kale caddeeyo in tartan dadka interspecific ecology - waa xiriirka ka mid ah noolaha ay leeyihiin dadka ee noocyada kala duwan oo u baahan in khayraadka la mid ah loo baahan yahay hab-nololeedka ay. Tani waxay noqon kartaa a degaanka meel, iftiinka, qoyaan iyo, dabcan, cunto.

Under xaaladaha dabiiciga ah, beesha ee taxa kala duwan in la wadaagto dhulka iyo saldhig cuntada yarayn kartaa cadaadiska tartanka siyaabo kala duwan. Sidee, ka dibna, waa la dhimay tartanka interspecific? Tusaale - oo qeyb ka ah kala duwan, taas oo keenta in noocyada kala duwan ee cuntada waterfowl - xeebajoogta iyo shag. Inkasta oo ay ku nool yihiin oo ku saabsan hanti la mid ah, laakiin shakhsiyaad ka mid ah dadweynaha oo ka mid ah noocyada ugu horeysay ay ku quudiyaan on xawayaanka benthic iyo qaababka kalluunka, iyo labaad - search for cuntada ee layers biyaha sare.

Waayo, noolaha autotrophic waxaa sidoo kale lagu gartaa tartanka interspecific. Tusaalooyinka dhirta, taageerada daliilka yareynta halganka jiritaanka - a noocyada herbaceous iyo foomka geedka. dadka waxay leeyihiin nidaam multilevel xidid in ay hubisaa in kala layers dhulka, kuwaas oo dhirta uu u nuugo biyaha iyo macdanta. Geedaha la xirrira qashin (Anemone Ranunculaceae, sorrel, bearberry) waxay leeyihiin dhererka taproot ka dhowr milimitir ilaa 10 sentimitir, iyo noocyada geed dilka ah ee gymnosperms iyo dhirta ubax - 1.2 m 3.5 m.

tartanka faragelinta

Foomkan waxa uu dhacaa marka noocyada kala duwan u isticmaalaan arrin isku mid ah deegaanka ama khayraadka. Inta badan waa sahayda cuntada ee guud. Cayayaanka, sida dhirta iyo xayawaanka, iyo sidoo kale tartanka baahsan interspecific.

Tusaale ahaan iyo Photos of description tijaabo hoos ku sharxi doona waxbarasho P. Park, qaadeen xaaladaha shaybaarka. Seynisyahanada isticmaalo laba nooc oo tijaabo cayayaanka, ka tirsan qoyska Tenebrionidae - Muchnik (mealworms).

Shaqsiyaadka ee noocyada kuwaas galaan tartan cunto (bur) oo ahaa bahal (kuwa lamid ah cunay noocyada kale).

Giisa tijaabo ayaa la beddelo arrimo abiotic: heerkulka iyo qoyaan. Waxay beddeleen suurtagalnimada bulshooyinka Lagaga ka mid ah ama nooc kale. muddo dheer ah ee deegaanka macmal ah (box bur) Ka dib markii la helay tijaabooyinka, nooc ka mid ah oo kaliya oo kale - gebi ahaanba la joojiyey.

tartanka hawl-

Waxaa soo baxdo natiijo ahaan halganka ujeedo ee noolaha ee noocyada kala duwan ee arrimaha abiotic in ay yihiin ugu yaraan: cunto, territory. Tusaale ka mid ah qaab noocan oo kale ah ee isdhexgalka dhawrista - cuntada ee Shimbiraha ka tirsan noocyada kala duwan on geedka ka mid ah, laakiin in heerarka kala duwan.

Sayidka, interspecies tartanka - waa in biology nooc sida xiriirka ka dhexeeya noolaha, taas oo horseedaysa in ay:

• kala asaasiga ah ee dadka ka mid ah noocyada kala duwan ee aan tallaabadaas niches dhawrista;
• eryidda yaraan hal nooca biogeotsinoza caag ah;
• shakhsiyaadka ellimanatsii buuxa ee ku nool tartamaya taxon.

Misbaax dhawrista iyo xadka, ee la xiriira tartanka interspecific

cilmiga dabiiciga ah helay biogeotsinozy in ka kooban yihiin niches badan oo deegaanka dabiiciga ah ee noocyada badan ee ku nool deegaanka ah. The bulshada Misbaax dhawrista spatially dhow taxa muhiim ah in biotope ah, oo ay halganka adkaayeen xaaladaha wanaagsan ee deegaanka:

• territory;
• saldhig cuntada;
• halka dadka ku nool.

Kuwanu waa saddex koobin ugu muhiimsan ee Misbaax dhabta ah dhawrista ciduna degganayn. Waxaa xaddidaya hab go'an jiritaanka dadweynaha, sida parasitism, tartan, hordhacay, xannibaad degaanka, hoos ilaha cuntada.

hoos u cadaadiska Environmental in biotope waa sida soo socota:

• marsiiyey kaynta oo isku darsan;
• degaanada kala duwan ee dirxiga iyo dadka waaweyn. Sidaas daraaddeed, naiads baalkaa-biyood ku nool on dhirta biyaha iyo imago baasana deegaanka hawada; ee dirxiga iyo jiriqsiga iyo May ku nool lakabyada sare ee ciidda, iyo cayayaanka dadka waaweyn ee ku nool meel dhul-hawada.

All of ifafaale kuwaas sifaha wax caynkaas ah sida tartanka interspecific. Tusaalooyinka xayawaanka iyo dhirta kor ku soo bandhigay this xaqiijin.

natiijada tartanka interspecific

Waxaan ka fiirsan ugub ah baahsan ee dabiiciga ah, lagu gartaa sida tartanka interspecific. Tusaalooyinka - bayoolaji iyo ecology (sida iyada qaybta) - na soo bandhigaan habka this ee deegaanka ee u shaqeeyo ah ka tirsan boqortooyada fangaska iyo dhirta, iyo sidoo kale boqortooyada xayawaanka.

By natiijooyinka tartanka interspecific saabsan noolaanshaha iyo bedelay of noocyada kaladuwan iyo dhawrista. ifafaale koowaad waxaa la soo taagay in waqti iyo noocyada ee hannaanka la xiriira hana u kordhinnin tiradooda, maadaama ay jirto arrin gaar ah in dhalmo ee dadweynaha. Bedelka noocyada, ku salaysan shuruucda saarida tartan waa nooc xad dhaaf ah cadaadis caag ah oo dheeraad ah oo sertilnogo nooca in ciday ku keenaysaa in dhimashada qof - tartan.

kaladuwan Environmental (kala) keenaysaa in formation of yar labiska ah, noocyada aadka u gaarka ah. Waxay waxaa lagu rakibay kuwa qaybo kala duwan guud, halkaas oo waxaa jira faa'iidooyin (marka la eego noocyada iyo taranka, nafaqada).

In geeddi-socodka ah ee ku kaladuwan oo ka mid ah laba nooc oo tartamaya yareeyaan tirayn hidaha, iyo u muuqdaan in ay balliga hiddo more muxaafidka ah. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in bulshooyinka kuwaas, foomka xasilinta ee doorashada dabiiciga ah ay xukumaan doonaa wadista carqalad iyo aragtidiisa.