Consort xilliile cokan, sida waa diyaarinta. cycloalkanes

In this article waxaan eegi doonaa helitaanka cycloalkanes iyo muuqaalada ay qaab-dhismeedka. Ina keena aynu isku dayaan in ay sharaxaad ka mid ah guryaha caan ku walxaha kuwan, oo ku salaysan qaababka ay qaab-dhismeedka.

Qaab-dhismeedka

Si aad u bilaabaan si ay u falanqeeyaan qaabka fasalka sheegay of Consort organic. All xeryahooda xilliile kala qaybsan yihiin noocyada carbocyclic iyo heterocyclic.

Kooxda labaadna waa loop saddex atamka carbon xiran gudahooda. isla xeryahooda Heterocyclic kale oo aan ahayn carbon ee u taagoo ay sidoo kale ku jiraan baaruud, oxygen, fosfooraska, nitrogen.

Waxaa carbocyclic qeybinta xeryahooda leedahay beduliyum iyo walax alicyclic.

walxaha alicyclic

Kuwaas waxaa ka mid cycloalkanes. guryaha Kiimikada iyo diyaarinta walxaha kuwan waxaa lagu go'aamiyey si hufan by dhismeedka xidhan of class this ee Consort.

Alicyclic loo yaqaan kuwa walxaha kaas oo ay leeyihiin mid ka mid ah ama ka badan wareegyada dabeecadda non-udgoon. Diyaarinta iyo Isticmaalka cycloalkanes waxaa loo arkaa in la eego xiriirka xarunta alicyclic.

kala soocidda

Wakiilka fudud ee fasalka this ee Consort waa cyclopropane. In ay qaab-dhismeedka kaliya saddex atamka carbon. Wakiillada oo ka mid ah taxanaha homologous waxaa lagu magacaabaa, marka lagu daro, iyo paraffins. Sida laga soo xigtay kiimikaad iyo jirka oo ay la mid yihiin Consort cokan. taagoo waxa ku jiri bonds hal sameeyay orbitals hybrid. cycloalkanes Nooca sp3 hybridization.

Halabuurka guud ee ninba fasalka SnN2n caanaha. xeryahooda Kuwanu waa isomers interclass Consort ethylenic.

Sida ay isku waydaarsanayeen hadda caalamiga ah ee la bedelay, iyadoo horyaalka wakiilada ee fasalka dar Horgalaha "cyclo" ka ay tirada ku haboon ee atamka shidaalka. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, waxay heli cyclohexane, cyclopentane. QUMMAN siisaa magaca waydaarsanayeen tirada kooxaha methylene xiran CH2 ah. Taas darteed, waxaa loo gudbin doonaa trimethylene cyclopropane iyo cyclobutane - tetramethylene.

Waayo, fasalka this xeryahooda organic lagu gartaa isomerism dhismaha ku saabsan tirada atamka carbon ee giraanta, iyo isomerism indhaha.

fursadaha waxbarashada

Haddaba ka fiirsada sida soo dhaweynta. Cycloalkanes waxaa laga heli karaa siyaabo dhowr ah, waxay ku xiran tahay nooca wax laga bilaabo doortay Isbadal kiimikada. Waxaan u falanqeeyaan doonaa Avv ugu weyn ee fursadaha la shito.

Sidaas, waxa ay helaan? Cycloalkanes sameeyey by diagalogenproizvodnyh cyclization Consort cokan. Sidoo kale kiimikaad soo saaray giraanta afarta iyo saddex-membered. Tusaale ahaan, cyclopropane. Ha ka fikiro si aynu diyaarinta ay - cycloalkanes, kuwaas oo ah wakiillo koowaad ee taxanaha homologous loo sameeyay by tallaabada ee magnesium macdan ah ama digalogenproizvodnuyu zinc dhiganta alkane.

Iyo sida aad u sameysmi karaa shan membered iyo lix-membered xeryahooda xilliile ah, geeddi-socodka ah ee ay hesho? Cycloalkanes la atamka carbon badan ee qaab-dhismeedka si ay u abuuraan halkii ay adag tahay, tan iyo markii ay sabab u tahay conformation dhibaatada la cyclization reer Britain ah. Tani waxay ifafaale waxaa sabab u ah rogista cajaladda free of the-C C, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysaa suurtagalnimada ee xarunta xilliile ah. Waayo, formation oo ka mid ah wakiilada cycloalkanes sida alaabo laga bilaabo waa alkane 1,2- ama 1,3-digalogenproizvodnye u dhiganta ah.

Waxaa ka mid ah geeddi-socodka hababka la shito ereygu iyo sidoo kale kala saaro decarboxylation ee acids dicarboxylic iyo cusbada oo dhanba. Shan iyo lix cycloalkanes-membered diyaariyey uumiga intermolecular.

Ka mid ah hababka gaarka ah ee ay formation xuso falcelinta dhexeeya alkenes iyo carbenes, soo celinta taagayo tsiklosoedineny oxygenated.

kiimikaad

All siyaabood ee suurtagal ah ee helitaanka cycloalkanes iyo isdhexgalka ay go'aamiyeen ku dhegyadii of dhismeedka kiimikada. Marka la eego joogitaanka dhisme xilliile ah, ka mid ah guryaha ugu weyn ee reaction kiimikada ee cycloalkanes hydrogen xiriir la doortay (hydrogenation), laga soo reebay (dehydration) ah.

Waayo, dareen diidmo oo isticmaalaya Hannaan ah, sida uu yahay platina, palladium noqon kara. Ma jawaabay at heerkulka kacsantahay, miraheeda ku xiran size giraanta. tallaabo The on Britain ee shidaalka xilliile by cindiga ku UV, la jawaabay laga yaabaa in koloriin (chlorine Intaa waxaa dheer).

Sida dhammaan wakiillada xeryahooda organic, cycloalkane waa inay galaan awoodi reaction sari, si ay u sameeyaan ka dib markii carbon dioxide reaction, uumiga biyaha. reaction Tani waxa ay tilmaamaysaa in geeddi-gube oo tan iyo markii la socda in la sii daayo kulaylka ku filan.

gunaanad

Paraffins xiran yihiin xeryahooda hydrocarbon soo sameeyey alkanes digalogenproizvodnyh ama xarumaha kale ee dabiiciga ah. Features ee ay qaab-dhismeedka goostay cycloalkanes aasaasiga ah guryaha kiimikada, codsigooda. Inta badan waxay ku waxaa loo isticmaalaa in ereygu wuxuu organic in ay soo saaraan xeryahooda organic oxygenated.