Waa maxay novel ah Gothic? tixaha Gothic Modern

Ereyga "Gothic" suugaanta ku qeexayaa nooca ah, isku naxdin, hindiga, sheekooyin sayniska iyo tacabur. horyaal A ee ku sifayn ahaa qoraa Ingiriisi Horas Uolpol iyo sheeko "The Castle ee Otranto".

Asalka ereyga

Maanta, ereyga "Gothic" waa la xiriira in ay tiro ka mid ah jiho oo kala duwan ee fanka, taariikhda iyo dhaqanka. Waxaa si toos ah ula xidhiidha naqshadaha, suugaanta, rinjiyeynta iyo music. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macnaha asalka ah ee muddada ay jirto, dabcan, ka magaca dadka Jarmal - Goths.

Goths waxay ahaayeen mid ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah oo la xidhiidha, laakiin aad xagjirka ah qabiilooyinka Germanic. Waxay had iyo jeer waa dagaal deriskooda leh, iyo midoobeen iyaga la kaliya inay la diriraan reer Rooma ah. sarreysey ee ay warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay V qarnigii, marka qabiilooyinka reer galbeedka iyo bariga Goths adkaaday Romans iyo guulaystay inta badan Spain. Ka dib markii in, taariikhda qabiilka la nuugo by taariikhda waddamada ay ku guulaystay.

Waxay ahayd qarniyo ka hor ereyga "Gothic" yimid si uu u tilmaamo wax kale. Inta lagu guda jiro Renaissance ah, marka dhaqan classical u heleen dhalashada labaad, "Gothic" loo yaqaan qaabka dhismaha ee qarniyadii dhexe. In dhowr boqol oo u noqday nooc ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah tixaha, malaha maxaa yeelay, waxay qorayaashu ku doortay sida goobta ka maqnaa oo ka mid ah dhismayaasha qadiimiga ah ee qaab Gothic leh taariikh dahsoon.

Taariikhda novel ah Gothic

novel Gothic soo baxday in la ruxruxo hore ee nasjonalromantiske dhexe ee qarnigii XVIII ah oo helay taageero aan caadi ahayn ee qarnigii XIX ah. Waxa uu ku dhashay England jawaab u style adag oo rasmi ah oo ka mid ah tixaha waqtiga.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in aan loo qaadan novel Abuur jaceyl Gothic. xididdadiisa tago qoto dheer galay taariikhda, taabashada on taariikhda Dr Makumbe karho, dad warkii, iyo hadalladiisiiba waxay aaminsan yihiin. Kuwaas waxaa dheer-taagan ilaha waxyi oo ay isticmaalaan tixaha Gothic casri ah, tusaale ahaan, arrimuhu si cad u arkay in shuqullada Stephen King ama Enn Rays.

The novel horeysay Gothic ahaa shuqulka Horasa Uolpola "The Castle ee Otranto", horaysay la daabacay sanadkii 1764. qoraaga qudhiisu sheegay in uu uu xiiseynayo in labada tixaha casriga ah iyo Dr Makumbe, laakiin labada noocyo Walpole helay qaladaad, wuxuu ka kaas oo isku dayay in laga takhaluso ee "Castle ee Otranto". Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, hindiga dhaqanka Dr Makumbe aad xoodan oo casri ah - sidoo kale macquul ah. Laakiin dadka dhaleeceeya waxay isku duubay abuurnimo ee hubka, ku sharaxay in isku dar ah ee khayaaliga ah, taariikhda iyo waraaqaha khayaal ah sida uu ka hor mabaadi'da suugaanta la aqbali karo.

In kasta oo ay dhaleecayn xirfadeed, novel ah Gothic suugaanta English ayaa helay taageero aan caadi ahayn, kaas oo markaa saamayn ah ee ku sifayn this ee Jarmal ah (Schauerroman) iyo suugaanta Faransiis (Georgia iyo Roman Noir).

novel Gothic ee Ruush yeedhay fantastic, iyo mid ka mid ah qorayaasha, kuwaas oo ku hodanaynta ku sifayn this ka mid Pushkin ( "The Queen of majarafadihii"), Lermontov ( "Hero of Our Time") iyo Gogol ( "Wii", "Fiidkii on Farm oo u dhow Dikanka").

The xubno ka novel ah Gothic

Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee sheeko ku Gothic in muddada ay formation adkeeyay xuduudaha waxa la oggol yahay suugaanta ku Romantic. Inkastoo ay jecel yihiin oo ka mid ah hadda dhaqan Dhectuuro kaskooda iyo kicin dareenka, jacaylka dhexe suugaanta ee qarnigii XVIII ah, waxaa aad u adag oo ku saabsan aragtida ee casriga.

The qorayaasha ka mid ah tixaha Gothic doonayeen inay wiiqaan qaab dhismeedka fiican oo la aasaasay of suugaanta waqtiga, bixinta si ay mowduucyo badan oo mugdi ah oo aan laga yaabaa in aan la furay, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habab ku haboon oo la aqbali karo dareenka. Ha cabsanina, rabshadaha, qarsoodiga - dhammaan waxyaabaha ku jira oo u baahan in hab suugaaneed oo dheeraad ah. novel Gothic suugaanta English qasba akhristaha in laga gudbo falalkooda dareen fiican u yaqaan oo la fahmi karo, waxaa la dhisay more on niyadda, dareenka, ee miyir-ka, laakiin xoog iyo danaha qarsoon.

Sida ay dhaleecayn badan, novel ah Gothic waa sharaxaad ka mid ah dunida a dhacday, oo tanuna waa dunida ka mid ah akhristaha ayaa lagu muujiyay isticmaalaya waxyaabaha asaasiga ah ee sheeko dhaqan, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa mid aad u kala duwan in sifooyinka.

goobta

Ku dhowaad dhammaan tixaha ee qaab Gothic ku tiirsan goobta si ay u bixiyaan alaabta midabaynta dareen. Sidaa darteed, sharaxaada meelaha, Bbc, cimilada, iyo xubno kale oo deegaanka ka ciyaaraan door aad u muhiim ah in nooca this.

goobta A caadiga ah ee sheeko ku Gothic, ma aha oo kaliya dhirfinaya dareen cabsi iyo argagax, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu qeexayaa engegaan dunida oo dhan. dhismayaasha Old, burbur ah oo sheegaya in marka nolosha waa in kasii darto, iyo hadda oo dhan waa ka tagay - kaliya hooska ee la soo dhaafay, isaga qudhiisu qarinaya in uu taariikhda, iyo qabaneysa qarsoon illoobay.

watteen

Heroes tixaha Gothic sameeyaan nooc ka mid ah archetypes, oo halkaas waa muunad ka mid ah sifooyinka ay, taas oo ku haboon yahay waxyaabaha ugu.

ninkii waa caadi ahaan oo keli ah, inta badan waa in la masaafuriyey ama xabsi - on iyaga u gaar ah ama ka soo hor jeedda. Anti-geesiga waa muuqashadii of shar - xaaladda gaari iyaga by iyada oo ay qalad u gaar ah, iyadoo ay sabab u taxane ah falalka iyo go'aanada, ama qalad ah ee dadka kale. ninkii shuqulladii ku sifayn tani waa inta badan shisheeye dhulka ambaday, isagoo ku Hijrooday ee weligiis ah, kaas oo noqon kara nooc ka mid ah Cadaab rabaani ah.

story

Inta badan dhagarta novel ah Gothic ka tarjumaysaa dunida engegay. qof ugu weyn, daal ah in aad keligaa / xabsi / masaafuriyey, wajahay xun, inta badan ee foomka of jirrabaadda ama khiyaano. Jirrabaadda sababa geesiga si ay u tagaan isaga ka gees ah, in ay dembiga, iyo inuu dayrta dhammeeyo. Tusaale ahaan, ka sheekaysay "Ambrosio, ama Monk" furmi M. G. Lyuisa - muunad ah wadaad Spain Amarka, dagay Matilda, taas oo run ahaantii waa Jinni, cid diray nafta wadaad.

Mawduucyada ugu waaweyn

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in mawduucyada ugu muhiimsan ee ku sifayn ku Gothic waa ka sarraysa oo la haleeli ah, ka mid ah iyaga si cad loo arkay in dhammaan dulucda ugu weyn ee nasjonalromantiske - dhibaatada "nin dhiibida", nooc ka mid ah geesiga is burinaya Byronic cunay.

Mid ka mid ah uu leeyahay oo kaliya in ay eegaan ilxidhka ka naxdin iyo sarraysa ka dambeeya, geesi fahmi karaa nin, sida oo dhan cabsi hanti iyo shaki. Si fudud suugaanta Gothic u muuqdaan in ay si weyn u badbadin oo dhan kuwa cabsi leh oo qofka la kulmaan maalin walba.

Naqdiga suugaanta Gothic

novel Gothic inta lagu guda jiro jiritaankeeda ayaa la kulantay dhaleeceeynta kala duwan. tirooyinka suugaanta inta badan la xidhiidha xubno ka novel ah Gothic la dareenka iyo waxay doonayeen of nin oo qoto-dheer. qarnigii cusub iyo horumarinta psychoanalysis ahayd sababta isbarbar xubno Gothic iyo dago aadanaha.

Sida laga soo xigtay Davis, Morris, sifayn this - novel Gothic ah - siinayaa baxay dareenka, dooni, iyo cabsi laga qabo in dadka inta badan doonayaan in ay xakamayso, qarin iyo iska indha. Halganka of ninkii xumaan ka sarraysa tusaale u tahay halganka aad u dhab ah in ninka waa fikirro disagreeable iyo qarsoodi.

Gothic Suugaanta Haweenka

Ingiriisi Gothic sheeko la qalcado, godad, kaymaha ay gudcur ah, iyo waddooyinkiisa qarsoodi ah, u adeegay sidii dhalashada arrin gaar ah suugaanta English waqtiga. suugaanta Gothic Dumarka, taas oo Horseedka waxay ahaayeen Enn Redklif, Meri Shelli iyo Charlotte Brontë, dumarkii-qorayaasha ayaa markii ugu horeysay si uu u muujiyo dhulka la dhigin xirfadeed iyo arrimaha bulshada, iyo sidoo kale rabitaanadooda galmada. style Free novel Gothic ogol yahay Xaakimkii si kor loogu qaado arrimaha sida madaxda galmada, qiimaha raggu iyo cadaadiska galmada haweenka ee bulshada muxaafidka ah Ingiriisi.

Taasi tixaha dumarka asal ahan qalab suugaanta sida "sharraxaad ka sarraysa." Farsamadan lagu daabacay ogol yahay Xaakimkii in ay qoraan tixaha, la mid ah muuqaalka, niyadda iyo inta badan waa content in Gothic, laakiin waxay yihiin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ku tilmaamay nolosha aad u dhabta ah.

saamaynta Gothic ku gabayaaga Romantic

tixaha Gothic Top ay saamayn qiyaasi karo oo ku saabsan gabayaaga Romantic Ingiriisi. shuqullada caanka ah ee Samuel Taylor Coleridge - "The Rime of tiirseenimada Baydka" iyo "Christabel", iyo sidoo kale shuqullada asalka ah ee Dzhona Kitsa "Eve of St. Agnes" iyo "Isabella", waxay leeyihiin xubno Gothic la mid ah. Tilmaamo novel Gothic, sida aragga, Kyung, duufaanada iyo xusno naxdin sharaxaada madow ee Bbc laga soo shuqullada mid ah gabayayaashiinnu Enn Redklif.

Shaqada ugu horaysay la daabacay ee sheeko Persi Bishi Shelli Gothic ahaa "Zastrotsi" maxaabiisnimada, Waali aargoosi aabbihiis iyo badh-walaalkiis. Sannad ka dib uu daabacay sheeko labaad, "The Irvine Quduuska ah," kuwaas oo ugu muhiimsan ee qof ahaa alchemist ah oo raba in ay ogaadaan waxa qarsoon ee nolosha weligeed ah. Labada shuqullada ahaayeen arrin xunxunna iyo version gacmeed of novel Gothic ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aha oo kaliya mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ee Shelley, laakiin sidoo kale waa inuu naagtiisa mustaqbalka saameeyey, wuxuu noqday qoraaga "Frankenstein."

Ma aha doorka ugu yaraan horumarinta nooca Gothic iyo ciyaaray caanka ah Rabbiga Byron. Uu sayidaddeedii ku tagay Abwaan tilmaamay "waalan, kuwa xun iyo kuwa khatar ah" nin, in ay ahayd qaababka ugu muhiimsan ee ego beddelaan of sheekaystaa Harold - noocooda ah ee geesiga Byronic.

Waxaa intaa dheer, Byron inta badan abaabuli tartamada sheekada ugu wanaagsan ee asalka ah oo uu saaxiibada-qorayaasha, isaga qudhiisu ka mid yihiin, xaaska Shelley oo Dzhona Polidori ka mid ah. Sida laga soo xigtay dadka dhaleeceeya, kulamadaasi u adeegi Jidka abuurista ah "Frankenstein" sheekada iyo Polidori ee "Dadqalato".

Zaman Victorian iyo colka wararka ka mid ah nooca ugu Gothic

By bilowgii boqornimadii novel Gothic caan Queen Victoria ayaa si weyn hoos u dhacay taas oo ay si dhaleeceyn negative, qayb ahaan sababtoo ah ay caanka ah ee tixaha taariikhiga ah ee Walter Scott. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, suugaanta ee Victorian Gothic sugayay colka wararka ku sifayn ah.

Edgara Alana waxaa loo arkaa innovator ugu muhiimsan ee suugaanta Gothic on. Qoraagu wuxuu ku bixisay sidii dareenka badan si cilmi nafsiga oo ka mid ah jilayaasha, sida xubno badan oo dhaqanka ee ku sifayn ah. Waa naqdiya suugaanta weyn, Sida ogyahay labada faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha Gothic ah, si diiradda on gobolka maanka characters uu. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, naxdin ahaa mawduuc suugaanta, istaahilo waxbarasho.

Isbeddelka ku dhacay novel haweenka ee Gothic. "Wuthering Heights" Emily Brontë leedahay dhammaan qaybaha lagama maarmaanka ah, goobta mugdi ah, Kyung iyo geesi Byronic wejigiisa Heathcliff. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qof ugu weyn ee novel ah ma ahan oo kaliya in xabsiga, iyo xanuunka Dulmi bulshada iyo jinsiga takoorka raggu. halyeeyad ugu weyn oo ay walaalo oo Brontë keenay asalka bulsho ee sheeko naagaha Gothic.

Suugaan si xoog leh u saameeyay sifo ee Zaman ee qorayaasha sida Charles Dickens. Wuu istaagay at the saldhig oo suugaanta Verviers Gothic cinwaan looga dhigay "Urban Gothic novel." Bogagga shuqulladiisa jidadka London waa meel tallaabada ugu nixiyay Gothic jeesasho ah naxdin iyo rabitaanka in ay ka baxsadaan. shuqullada sida "marooji Oliver," "Rajooyinka Great" iyo "quus House" dhaqaaqay tallaabo ee sheeko ku Gothic ee ilaha magaalooyinka iyo degaamada.

In Waddooyinka Dickens tegey oo qorayaasha of goor dambe oo qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad. dhammaadka xilligii Victorian calaamadsan-kaca cusub ee caan ah sheeko Gothic magaalooyinka, helay a mahad nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad in shuqullada Robert Louis Stevenson ( "Case qariibsado ee Dr Jekyll iyo Mr Hyde"), Genri Dzheymsa ( "noqda ee Ku marooji ah") iyo Oscar Wilde ( "The Picture of Dorian Gray").

The antagonist ugu caansan ee ku sifayn ku Gothic - Tiri Dracula - muuqday on bogagga novel ah by Bram Stoker. Stoker ayaa soo jiitay ee qorayaasha mystics in Transylvania iyo Bariga Yurub oo dhan, oou gobolka goobta uu jecel yahay ee tixaha Gothic.

tixaha Gothic Modern

qorayaasha badan oo casri ah oo sheekooyin sayniska iyo wakiillo ka socda noocyo badan oo kale oo isticmaalaya xubno Gothic shuqulladiisa. sheekooyin naxdin Gothic, tusaalooyin Ra'iisul kaas oo noqon kara shuqullada Enn Rays, farsamo isku daraa xeerkii qarnigii XVIII la xoriyadda ra'yi dhiibashada suugaaneed, caan ku ah suugaanta casriga ah. Gothic, in mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, qaar ka mid ah tixaha ee Stephen King iyo shuqulkii Daphne du Maurier. jiidashada Gothic qaarkood ayaa colka wararka sheekooyin badan oo ku saabsan vampires. Sidoo kale, si ay u sifayn ku Gothic ka mid ah qaar ka mid ah shuqulladii Nila Geymana, Terry Pratchett iyo xataa Dena Brauna tirin karo.