Shucaaca calaamadda digniinta - taasi waa mid ka mid ah 12 calaamadaha qaatay adduunka oo muujinaya meelaha view gaar ah oo halis ku ah nolosha iyo caafimaadka dadka. War saxaafadeedka ayaa lagu "Digniin, shucaaca!" noqday la mariyo isla markiiba ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka. Waxaa la been abuurtay una horeysay calaamada khataraha shucaac loo isticmaalo University American ee California at Berkeley Laboratory. Physics ka Berkeley ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaaray in la alifay ee bam ee qaaradda, ka dibna hydrogen. Geedi socodka ah ee la alifay, ka dib markii ay calaamaddu ku taal, 1952, waxaa lagu tilmaamay in warqad mid ka mid ah ka qaybgalayaasha - Nelsen Gardena farmashiyaha. Koox yar oo ka mid ah cilmi-soo jeediyay dhowr shay-baarka saxan iyo this mid ka mid ah, kaas oo ugu wanaagsan khatar visualized doortay. Waxay ahayd guduudan ku saabsan asalka ah buluug. Iyo guduud in uu qiimaha Roman loo doortay sababtoo ah qiimaha sare ee khad waa midab in - waxaa laga saaray koobiyeynta ee axmaqnimada ah, ayaa sheegay in Jannada. Waxaa intaa dheer, waxa aanu ka hor imanayn aan la midab kasta oo kale oo caan ah oo ku yaala goobahan sayniska. By mabda'a isku mid ayaa loo doortay iyo buluug ah midabka asalka.
Black on huruud
image Modern - calaamad madow ku saabsan asalka ah huruud ah - waa ka dib yimid, markii calaamooyinkaasu shucaac ayaa la isticmaalaa inta ugu badan. Waxyaabaha ay saarnaayeen khatar shucaaca waxaa u sarreeyey. Gardena, mid ka mid ah alifay calaamaddu ku taal, ma jeclaan madow on calaamadaha shucaaca huruud ah. Wuxu qabaa, in isticmaalka joogtada ah ee midabka jaalaha ah marka wax loo qoondeeyey disavows khatar kasta oo aad u korodho khatar shucaac. Intaa waxaa dheer, calaamada jaalaha ah waa adag tahay in la arko ka dhanka cirka ka dhalaalaya buluug. Si kastaba ha ahaatee asal huruud ah loo doortay ee 1948 ee simayo sida qof ugu weyn. calaamada saddex Tent iyo saddex garbaha, halka ay weli tahay guduud. Qorayaashu waxay heleen image cusub oo la isku-dar ah midabada waa bayaan loo arkaa in hawada u furan fogaan ah 20 feet. heerarka American Maanta (ANSI), oo la aasaasay 1950, ayna u oggolaadaan in isticmaalka calaamado shucaaca madow iyo magenta.
qiimaha calaamad Visual
Waxa xiiso leh, calaamadaha caadiga ah ee khatar ku ah qaab wakiil saddexagalka classic la image gaar ah gudaha. Sida laga soo xigtay guests Ruush, calaamad this - digniinta. Calaamadaha sun iyo shucaaca ka muujinayaa 9 of 10 xaaladood, oo ku salaysan square ah. keligeed, shucaaca ka soo wareegto - goobaabin, kaas oo la kala qaybiyey 6 qaybaha. Saddex ka mid ah - madow. Laba madow qayb ubax-waaxda muujiyaan ilaa, mid hoos. Muxuu uu saxiixo? Waxaa jira laba nooc. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u - nooca rogay of Shamrock sida calaamad u ah dhimasho, labaad, more Isniinta ah - calaamad la mid ah calanka dagaalka ee Japanese ah oo ku nool galbeed ee boqortooyadiisa jasiiradda ah. By jidka, waxaa la yaab leh egyihiin shucaaca automaker calaamad calaamad Mitsubishi. Laakiin ka yeellay korkoodii.
Calaamad A cusub ee shucaaca
Sanadkii 2007, calaamad cusub ama ionizing khatarta shucaaca. Waxa xiiso leh in calaamada shucaaca ee sawirada. On yahay aag casaan ah calaamad dhaqanka ee shucaaca muujinaysaa dhakada madow iyo crossbones - calaamad dhimashada, nin ordaya - call a in uu ka tago meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey. Qorayaashu waxay aaminsan yihiin in calaamad this waa la fahmi karo. Laakiin sabab qaar ka mid ah, si ay u sharxaan dhibaato, maxaa yeelay isha khatar - Nin ka mid ah wadada ma aha arrin cad kabuufi saddex-xuubka, aan oo dhan hal mar oo aan arko khatar ku dhimanaya! IAEA si daacad ah ayaa aaminsan in calaamad cusub la fahamsan yahay ka wanaagsan doonaa dad aqoon yar oo aan fahmi qof ugu horeysay in uusan haysan echo dareen in nafta dadka undereducated Wakiilka. Sababtan qaar ka mid ah, ay kalsooni ka dhigaysa waxaad la Yaabteen. Taas oo dareen leh echo of rafaasad waa in keeni Czech ama Swedish? Si kastaba ha ahaatee, IAEA waxa ay hadda isku dayayaan inay soo bandhigto waa calaamad cusub, inkastoo ay aragtida muuqaalka dheeraad ah oo adag. Waxa xiiso leh in ku saabsan ictiraafka ka mid ah calaamadaha shucaaca cusub lagu tijaabiyey dalalka sida Maraykanka, Morocco, Kenya, Thailand, Hindiya iyo Ukraine. Astaanta kulan la Ururka World ee simayo ISO in industry iyo la fuliyo iyadoo la isticmaalayo habab of hirgelintiisa.
Iyo meesha ma Roerich ah?
Laakiin waa ay jiraan nooc kasta oo kale oo ka mid ah calaamadaha dareen in calaamad this? Waxaa la yaab ree Bani'iisraaiil ah la calan Roerich. Saddex wareegyada ee goobada, sidoo kale diyaarin u Tent of saxan shucaaca. Waxaa jira version fahmayn gaar ah, kaas oo sheegay in dhulka ku dul hab runtan, laakiin wadada ahaa dhabtii xidhan codsiga hub nuclear. Sidaa darteed, calaamad halis ah shucaac - waxa kale abuurtay calaamada jidadka Roerich iyo calan. Analog rogay crucifix ama pentagram. Laakiin xitaa iyada oo aan calaamad cad Jidka imaanayn calaamad nabadda (culturae pax) iyo khatarta nukliyeerka.
Isticmaalka calaamadaha khatarta shucaaca
Markii hore ee America isla markiiba ka dib calaamada been abuurtay waxaa la qorsheeyay in ay ku riday on magangalay, loogu talagalay in looga hortago khataraha nuclear. Markaasaa fikrad this la hakiyay, tan calaamadii waxay muujinaysaa qatar, ma qarinayaan ka. Haddaba, sida ay GOST 17925-72, in Ruush calaamadaas ayaa tilmaamaya dhismaha, xarumaha, qalabka iyo aaladaha in lagu qaado khatarta shucaaca dhabta ah ama ka iman kara. Tani waxay noqon kartaa Quwadda Nuclearka, baabuurta, taas oo ay jirto gaadiid ah oo ka mid ah maaddooyinka shucaaca, shaybaar jirka, Sheelare iyo walxaha kale oo badan, dhabta ah siday halis shucaaca. Marka la soo koobo, halkaas oo heerka shucaaca ee dhab Qolol. Idman in ay isticmaalaan calaamad halis radioactive ujeeddooyin waxbarasho, shirar, buugaag yaryar, inta lagu guda jiro tababarka. Sida laga soo xigtay The Standard-ka, isticmaalka shucaac calaamad halis for avatars on shabakadaha bulshada iyo soo saaridda ee dahabka, iyo ujeedooyin kale oo la mid ah lama oggola. Laakiin taas ma mid ka daawanayay. Oo cunaqabatayn loo isticmaalo hagaagsanayn oo sharci darro ah oo ay calaamaddu ku taal lama siineyo. Sida laga soo xigtay GOST, iyadoo jidka ag fadhida, trefoil waa in ay casaan, laakiin waxaa la ogol yahay iyo madow ku saabsan asalka cad.
caymiska
calaamadaha shucaaca dabaal karaa ma aha oo kaliya waxyaabaha, laakiin sidoo kale meel. calaamadaha tallaabo Zone, oo taagan meesha laga galo xarunta warshadaha, baahsan oo dhan shayga. Waxaa jira fikradda ah "aaga", waxa uu leeyahay, in ay "dabasocdaha" by Strugatsky walaalo ah, ay caadifadeed mahad. Haddaba meel ku taal soohdinta u dhaxaysa difaaca madaniga iyo waa dhibco cyberpunk isticmaalo ololaha ka wasakhda shucaaca, sii raagayaan tan iyo wakhtiyadii Soviet, iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa isku dayaan in ay la Calaameeyey sida characters, xataa haddii dhigay in foomka of darbiga on darbiyada ee guryaha. Laakiin dhaqdhaqaaqa ma aha xaq mar walba. Khatarta ayaa noqon karta khayaali ah. Markaasaa dadkii arkay "rafaasad madow" ku saabsan asalka jaale guriga derbigiisa ku saabsan in aad wadada, helitaanka dareemayaasha. Inta badan, waxaad u baahan tahay barnaamijka dawladda a for search, ogaanshaha iyo sun meelaha sida, oo ay la socdaan olole lagu magac-dilayo wararka xanta ah. Oo haddii wararka xanta ah sida, war xumo in uu yahay, qof xirfad ku hawlan sidii ee India, halkaas oo shirkadaha caalamiga ah ayaa la dagaallamay dhirta nukliyeerka? A digniin shucaaca cusub u saxiixo sidoo kale la mid ah cadhadii muuqaalaynta ilaahyada oo u yeedha burburinta shayga of cadhooday. Marka la soo koobo, isticmaalka calaamadaha khatarta shucaaca u baahan tahay isha isha.
Calaamadaha shucaaca iyo laabaha aadanaha
Waa wax iska cad in gunaanadeen aadanaha u muuqdaan in ay ka badbadin hanjabaad. khatarta shucaaca nixiyo waqti dheer, waxaa iska cad in Bariga Fog, dadka ku nool cabsi, kuwaas oo kama dhex kicin on meel madhan. Shucaac iyo dadka waa la yaqaan, dabcan, tan iyo bilowgii aadanaha, ku runtan qiiqa ilayska qeybta microwave ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa, laakiin hadda cabsida Isbedelo iyo isbeddel ah ee code hidaha sarkhaansan yihiin ilaha qarsoon ee shucaaca weyn oo ah sidii weligiisba. Oo erayga kaliya ee afka, laakiin sidoo kale warbaahinta ka afuufayaan wararka xanta ah xoojiyey. Waxaa laga yaabaa in xogta si dhakhso ah on ilayska qeybta aan helno, si wadajir ah ula Saadaasha hawada, iyo garoomada diyaaradaha rakaabka alaabtooda yihiin dhajinta sawirada - "shucaaca waa amaan."
dhulka hoostiisa
Waxa xiiso leh, dhalinyarada sare characters, kuwaas oo qayb ka mid ah dhaqanka kooxda noqdo. Dad badan oo ku ganaya cawayska cocktails calaamad this, goobaha gaarka loo leeyahay iyo xitaa musqulaha. All waa wanaagsan yahay, maskaxda ah jiilka ka yar oo aan noocyada a. Dadka da'da yar isagoo casriyaynta xiiso leh shucaaca saxiixa sawir isaga ah in gaaska, saliidda, ama style moodada kale loo arki karaa in mashaariicda design kala duwan. Laakiin mar kale, xusuuso anecdote jir ah oo ku saabsan wiil iyo in Yeeyi isaga weeraray ... Haddii calaamada waxaa loo isticmaalaa marar badan in xaaladda ammaan ah, miyir iska dhega tirin kartaa xaalad khatar ah.
Waxaa la rajeynayaa in hipsters iyo ravers our ma doondooni doonaan hoyga bam nuclear mustaqbalka dhow, ama nixin la qol sigaar ah, laakiin qaar ka mid ah ay gacanta ku state ka badan isticmaalka calaamada ujeedooyin kale goob joog noqon doonaan.