Van De Graaff matoor: qalab, iyo arjiga codsiga oo ah mabda'a

Van De Graaff matoor ayaa la Been abuurtay in horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad. Waxaa loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin kala duwan, gaar ahaan nukliyeerka Research. codsiga Later ayaa cidhiidhi ah. Maanta aad ka iibsan karto sida levitation toy iyo carruurta show of walxaha kala duwan ah. Sidoo kale, waxaad dhistaan kartaa matoor u gaar ah. Markaas isagu wuxuu ahaan doonaa model tababar heer sare ah, taas oo ay fuliyeen tijaabo kala duwan.

tricks ilmaha

Ma rabtaa in aad si loo abuuro "Sixir"? Qaado bac of polyetylen, gooyay labada dhinac iyo xerin on xarig ah, si aad u hesho qaansada. Markaasaa, sida caadiga ah caag ah marmarin wanaagsan oo wax dhogor idaad iyo ku ridi qaanso: bilaabi duulaya ...

Ready "Bir" la tirooyinka, taas oo samayn karaa tricks sida, oo aad ka iibsan kartaa dukaanka.

Laakiin xulashada ugu fudud inay soo aragto "Sixir" - waxa kaliya bisad rabaayad ah. Markaas ayaa sidoo kale waxa aannu qabnaa karaa inaan arko koranto ma guurto ah ka kacay.

Laakiin toy ah in tarmaa qaab dhismeedka ah matoor Van De Graaff, waddaa on batteriga. Marka aad riixdid batoonka caaradda la'aan ah electrostatic. Sidaa darteed, ay tiradaasi qaadataa in ka badan, oo ay bilaabaan sida lagu eedeeyay kasta oo kale oo kada ah. Tan iyo markii ay tiradaasi waa la gooyay si gaar ah, ayay "badbadiyay" iyo helo mugga. Haddii lacag la wiiqday, aad si fudud u leeyihiin inay riix hal mar ah oo ku saabsan "Sixir" button.

A yar oo taariikh

Dabcan, ka matoor Van De Graaff - ma ahan oo keliya alaabta lagu ciyaaro ee carruurta. Jirka qudhiisa abuuray farcankiisa si ay u fuliyaan cilmi halis ah qaybta physics qaaradda. Banaanbaxa ayaa marka hore la sameeyey 1929. Wuxuu ahaa yaryar ee size. cabbir More cajiib ah ka helay a matoor Van De Graaff, dhajinta on biraha for Saiarrada. model oo ka kooban labadii tiir, kaas oo waxaa lagu abaabulaa on top of dhexgalaan godkii alumina ballaciisu yahay shan iyo toban feet.

Dhisey awood 1931 iyo 1933 rakibo ayaa gaaray todoba milyan volts. Laakiin lacag ilaa siddeetan kilovolts bixiyo ka matoor ugu horeysay Van De Graaff.

Mabda 'hawlgalka

Inside isku bedbedeli doono aaladda vertical dielectric warqad. Isaguu ku yaal ugu sareysa, waa insulator ah, iyo xagga hoose laga sameeyey bir iyo ku xirnaanta dhulka. koronto The burush ee caleemaha iyo koriyo amarka, kaas oo la isku qaybiyey aagga. si koronto ee hoose ee soo socda, hawada la ionized, udhigo ay muhiim yihiin shubo on cajalad, iyo qayb ka mid wixii la kor faray, ayaa lagu eedeeyay.

Si aad u hesho farqi sare ka iman karta Sheelare walxaha toosan (oo loo baahan yahay iyo kuwan matoorrada) loo isticmaalo laba dhexgalaan la eedeeyay kala duwan. In mid ka mid ah kuwan u ururay wanaagsan, iyo in kale - ka negative. Marka-fiirsashada gaaro heer gaar ah, dheecaan korontada ay simbiriirixan therebetween. Si uu bartay. Danab la gaaro malaayiin volts.

qalabka Horaantii loo isticmaalo cilmi-nuclear iyo dardargelinta walxaha. Marka waxaa jiray siyaabo kale si loo dedejiyo, waxay bilaabeen in ay isticmaalaan ee ku yaala goobahan waa aad u yartahay. Currently, ugu matoor Van De Graaff ilaa xad ka weyn ee loo isticmaalo Tusaale fiican. Tusaale ahaan, waxa ay u kiciyaan kartaa siideeyn gaaska dabiiciga ah. Halkii cajalado goobaha inta badan ay isticmaalaan silsiladood oo ka kooban links caag iyo bir mid mid.

Waxa aad u baahan cutubkan is-shirka

model Waa wax fudud in la dhiso adiga kuu gaar ah la macmalay. Van De Graaff matoor, waxay gacmahooda ku soo shireen, ka kooban oo ka mid ah qaybaha soo socda:

• qalin,
• falinjeeerka biibiile PVC;
• xanjo,
• clips warqad;
• aliminiyum;
• engine ka toy ah;
• nalalka jabay;
• bleach qalalan laga riixo,
• baytariyada sagaal volts;
• sharooto,
• silig,
• kiniiniyada.

All items waa in ay qalalan, iyo sidoo kale hawada ee qolka. Haddii kale, shaqada dhismaha ma noqon doonto mid fudud, ama uu noqon doono, laakiin aad u imaanshada.

Taasi waxa dhaca matoor Van De Graaff. sawir hoose wuxuu muujinayaa sida model ah waa u eg.

Sida matoor waa is

First, god laga qodo sabuuradda, taas oo u noqon doonaa qaab-dhismeedka salka. Soo qaado daloolin of dhexroor ku haboon, qaabka - foomka of qalin. Markaas, on tube samaynaya laba furan on top iyo hoos, waayo ugu jeclahay. Samee laba godad ka badan, mid ka mid ah wax yar ka badan sare ee, iyo tan labaad - dadab iyo in ay salka ku jira.

Next, koollada ka gebi ahaan waa cad oo khad. Iska yaree gabal u dhiganta dhexroorka gudaha biibiilaha. Qaado clip, toosan oo ka gooyay goosin ka mid ah oo dhererkeedu ku filan si ay u dhaqmeen si on centimitir ah tuubada.

Koollo iskooj dielectric ka soo saaray. Jinka xanjo, si ay labada dhinac ayaa sidoo kale dhagta.

The alaabta diyaar la ururiyey.

Added burush in la ururiyo lacag. Hoos burushka maraa godka ka dhigi caaradda fluff ah. Burush waa in ay u dhow guutadii laastikada, laakiin ma taaban. Upper ku dhafnaa god ugu sareysa.

Intaas ka dib, iyadoo la isticmaalayo bireed a of koollada guluubka aluminium hore u jebiyey. silig sare waxaa ku lifaaqan bireed. Ilayska la geliyo on top of qaab-dhismeedka.

Waxbarashada Van De Graaff diyaar.

tijaabooyinka

Haddii koronto sare ku lifaaqan dhowr qaybood iyo Gacmihiinna keeno, ay "taagan on dhamaadka" oo laabta ku qabsan doontaa faraha. Isku day inaad si ay u fuliyaan tijaabooyin mugdi ah.

Si aad u hesho sahayda xoog awood badan, isku xidha labada matoor.

dookh fiican u yahay tijaabo Leyden doonaa weel.

The tijaabo ugu caansan waa mid ka mid ah oo timaha on dhamaadka taagan. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, u istaagaan on derin caag ah, guddiga alwaax ama plywood. gacanta A saaray gudbikaraa (matoor waa in la demiyo si looga fogaado in koronto). Ka dib markii iska beddelka on qalab mari doona dhimbiil, keenaya timaha on dhamaadka taagan.

matoor waa in la saaro ka dib markii isticmaalka kasta iyo in aad si taxadir leh isaga la shaqeeyo, tan hadda loo dhiman karaa si aadanuhu.