Joule - Lenz

Emiliy Hristianovich Lents (1804 - 1865) - jirka dadka caanka Ruush. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Electromechanics waa. Magiciisana waxaa la xiriira sharciga furitaanka qeexaya jihada ee hadda ku laaluusheen, iyo sharci qeexaya duurka oo korontada ah kaari hadda-sidday.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Emil Lenz oo jirka Ingiriisi Joel, barashada waayo-aragnimo ah ee saamaynta kulka ee hadda, ka madax banaan kasta oo kale oo helay sharciga sida uu sheegay taas oo qadarka kulaylka in ahbaa ee kaari ah waa si toos ah saamiyeed si square ah ee hadda korontada dhex maraya kaari ah, ay iska caabin ah iyo waqtiga lagu jiro taas oo hadda korontada la hayo isbeddelin kaari ah.

Tani sharciga waxaa la odhan jiray Joule - Lenz, oo uu caanaha waxaa lagu qeexay sida soo socota:

S = kl²Rt, (1)

halkaas oo Q - qadarka kulaylka xoreeyay, l - hadda, R - iska caabin ah ee kaari ah, t - time, qiimaha k waxa loo yaqaan dhigma kaamerada of shaqo. Qiimaha tiro ka mid ah qiimaha taasi ku xiran tahay doorashada ee unugyada ku jira kuwaas oo cabirka waxaa u doorsoomayaasha haray ee caanaha.

Haddii lacagta kulaylka waxaa lagu cabiraa calories, hadda ee amperes, iska caabin ah ee ohms, iyo waqtiga in ilbiriqsi, ka dibna k waa tiro ahaan siman yihiin in 0.24. Taas macnaheedu waa in hadda ee sooco 1a kaari ah taas oo uu leeyahay iska caabin ah 1 Ohm per labaad, tirada kulaylka oo waa loo siman yahay si ay u 0.24 Kcal. Iyadoo la raacayo, ee lacagta kulaylka calories la xoreeyay ee kaari qasac loo xisaabin by the formula:

S = 0,24l²Rt.

unit SI The tamarta, xaddiga kulaylka iyo shaqada waa unugyo cabbiro - joules. Sidaa darteed, Wehliyaha ee dheellitirnaanta ee Joule sharciga - Lenz waa mid. In nidaamka this, Joule caanaha - Lenz waa:

S = l²Rt. (2)

Law Joule ee - Lenz la xaqiijin karo. By silig aarayo, Hawiyaha ee dareeraha ku shubtay galay calorimeter ah, hadda waxaa loo soo maray in muddo ah. Markaas lacagta xisaabiyaa kulaylka sii daayay calorimeter ah. aarayo Resistance la og yahay ka hor, hadda waxaa lagu cabbiraa ammeter ah, iyo waqti abkii. By kala duwan ee hadda ku soo wareegi jiray oo isticmaalaya noocyo kala duwan oo loogu aarayo, waxaad eegi kartaa Joule ah - Lenz.

On ku salaysan sharciga Ohm ee

I = U / R,

Badalaa qiimaha hadda ka jirta caanaha (2), waxaan aad u hesho ra'yi cusub ee sharciga formula Joule ah - Lenz:

S = (U² / R) t.

Formula S = l²Rt habboon in la isticmaalo marka la xisaabinayo xaddiga kulaylka timaada ee la xidhiidha taxanaha ah, maxaa yeelay, haddii ay taasi hadda korontada oo dhan kirishbooyada isku. Sidaa darteed, marka uu jiro xiriir taxane ah kirishbooyada badan, mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah loo qaybinayaa lacagta in kulaylka oo saami la iska caabin ah ee kaari ah. Haddii aan isu geeyo, tus, israac saddex fiilooyin of size siman - copper, bir iyo nikelinovuyu, qadarka weyn ee kulaylka laga furi doonaa nikelinovoy, tan iyo resistivity ee ay ugu weyn, waa ka xoog iyo kuleelka.

Haddii kirishbooyada ku xiran yihiin in isku midka ah, hadda korontada iyaga oo ku kala duwan yihiin, oo danab ee ugu shishaysa kirishbooyada sida waa isku mid. Xisaabinta oo ka mid ah lacagta kulaylka in doonista in la sii daayo inta lagu guda jiro noocan oo kale ah xarunta, Waxaa fiican inaad dhaqanka, Isticmaalka caanaha S = (U² / R) t.

formula Tani waxay muujinaysaa in kasta kaari xiriir barbar dhigid qadar in kulaylka taas oo dhigmayn in ay conductivity.

Haddii aan ku xidha saddex fiilooyin ah oo dhumucdiisuna waxay u siman yihiin - copper, bir iyo nikelinovuyu - isku midka ah midba midka kale, oo dhex mari hadda iyaga, qadarka weyn ee kulaylka sii daayay in a silig copper, waxa ay kor u maraysa oo ka xoog badan kan kale.

Laga bilaabo Joule ah - Lenz, soo saaraan xisaabinta kala duwan ee la rakibo electro, kulaylinta iyo qalabka kululaynta. diinta tamarta korontada galay kulaylka ayaa sidoo kale si weyn loo isticmaalo.