US Department of Difaaca, waxa, oo madax ka ah halkaas oo

All maqlay oo ku saabsan awooda iyo laga adkaan karin oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka. Waaxda Difaaca Mareykanka ayaa waxaa ku hawlan bixinta ammaanka siyaasadda iyo dhulka ee dalka, iyo sidoo kale isuduwidda siyaasadda qaadashada iyo maaraynta dhammaan hay'adaha dowladda Maraykanka.

Taariikhda waxbarashada

Sannad ka hor dhamaadka dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, Congress Maraykanka ayaa soo bandhigay dhismaha jidhka si uu isugu duwo hawlaha ciidamada qalabka sida. Sannad ka dib, kulan oo ka mid ah ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka iyo Jamaacadiisa Wadajirka ah ee Shaqaalaha Waxaan bilaabay in loo sameeyo qorshe ah in la dhiso qaab noocan oo kale ah. Inta quarter labaad ee qarnigii 20-aad, illaa iyo 1949, ayaa la beddelay ee fulinta mashruuca sameeyaan jidhka oo keliya oo ka mid ah US Department of Difaaca. Badan ayaa ka soo horjeeda, ku dooday in cabashadaasi ay tahay in aad u khatar ah in ay xooga saarto saraakiishii ciidamada kala duwan ee isla wasaaradda ahaa. Markii hore waxaa la odhan jiray "Wasaaradda Difaaca Qaranka," balse waxaa markii dambe loo bixiyay Wasaaradda Difaaca.

Hay'adda ayaa ugu yeedhay DoD, taasoo u taagan tahay Difaaca of Department. In quriga waxay isku daraa dalka, hawada, amphibious iyo ciidamada badda ee. Hay'adda Sirdoonka iyo Hay'adda Amniga Qaranka ayaa sidoo kale hoos timaada wasaaradda.

Xarunteeduna tahay DOD'a ku yaalla ee Pentagon, Arlington County, Virginia. Waa meel u dhow Washington, dhinaca midig ee River Potomac ah.

nidaamka Pentagon

On maanta madaxa Pentagon waa Gen. Dzheyms Mettis, naaneeso "Dog Mad." Taasi waxaa loo magacaabay jagada Donald shanqadh.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah nidaamka Pentagon ayaa ka kooban qaybaha soo socda:

• xafiiska dhexe oo ka mid ah wasiirka gaashaandhigga,
• Saddex ka mid ah Wasaaradda ciidamada;
• Madaxdii Shaqaalaha iyo Shaqaalaha Wadajirka ah;
• 18 kontaroolada gudbinta dhexe;
• 9 adeegyada iyo tas-hiilaadka,
• 9 amarka wadajir ah oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, Wasaaradda Difaaca ayaa dhamaan hay'adaha shaqeynaya hoos jihada ama gacanta oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta kor ku xusan amarka ciidamada buuxa.

miisaaniyadda

Waayo, 2011, miisaaniyadda ee Wasaaradda Difaaca ahaa oo ku saabsan 708 bilyan oo doolar, taas oo ku saabsan 4.7% of GDP Maraykanka. Sida ay sheegayaan wararka ugu danbeeyay, hawlaha dhaqaale ee abuuritaanka ciidamada American ayaa Xadgudubyada khatarta ah.

2016 miisaaniyadda salka US Department of Difaaca ayaa 534 billion. Sida laga soo xigtay dukumintiga, baahida Navy uu ka tagi doono oo ku saabsan 161 bilyan, iyo Ciidamada Cirka ee loo qoondeeyay 153 billion. Waayo, Ciidanka - 126,5 bilyan. tirooyinka Kuwan oo dhammu waa ka badan tahay qiimaha celcelis ahaan 10 bilyan sannadka 2015.

178 bilyan oo doolar, taas oo ah 20 bilyan ka yar sanadkii la soo dhaafay, ku qaatay mashaariic kala duwan oo cilmi baaris iyo saadka military. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah miisaaniyadda, oo la yidhaahdo qarsoon, in aan la daabacay.

Tan iyo markii ugu tiyaatarada joogo hawlgallada milateri ee la joogitaanka Mareykanka waxaa, la siiyaa a "xuubka" oo ah $ 51 billion (2016). strip hooseeya oo ka mid ah "xuubka" waxaa laga soo qoray tan iyo 2001. lacagta oo dhammu waxay tageen si ay u qabtaan howlaha la-dagaallanka argagixisada ee Afghanistan. Iyada oo bixitaankii ciidamada ay ka Afgaanistaan, Maraykanka si loo yareeyo kharashka ku baxa ciidamada. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, inta badan lacagaha socday si ay u qabtaan hawlaha shisheeye, qoraal off kaliya ee Afghanistan.

US Department of Guulaha Difaaca

Horumarinta ee diyaarad military, taas oo ay awoodaan in ay fuliyaan diyaaradaha Drones ah, si loo soo saaro iyo dib qaadan on board noqon doonaa, u dhaqaaqay marxaladda labaad. Wasaaradda Difaaca ayaa qalinka ku duugay heshiis la gashay laba shirkadood US si fiican u yaqaan, dhismaha diyaaradaha. Waxaa la go'aamiyay in la magacaabo diyaaradaha kuwan "sidayaal diyaaradaha jannada."

Marxalada koowaad waxaa loogu talagalay oo danbeeyay awoodaha design ee diyaaradda. At marxaladda labaad waxaa la qorsheeyey inay tijaabiso model ah. Midda saddexaad ku lug rido adeegga labada tusaale ee dhowaan la sameeyey.

Sida laga soo xigtay fikradda ah isticmaalka hubka sida Air Force Maraykanka ay awoodaan in ay si waxtar leh ula difaaca hawada cadowga ka qabtaan, baabbi'in diirada dhulka iyo fuliyaan soo ilaalayn noqon doonaa.

Ma muddo dheer ka hor, US Department of Difaaca qiray in industry aerospace ee dalka waxaa si aad u saameeyay Russia. Xaqiiqada ah in aan lahayn wax soo iibsiga Ruush matoorada gantaal RD-180 si rasmi ah shaaca ka qaaday dawladda Maraykanka, satalayt military noqon doontaa si fudud waxba kulanaa falagiisuu.

Senator Dzhon Makkleyn, taageersaneyd sintaan Haweejkiinna dhexdooda of cunaqabatayn dalabaadka Ruush in ay dayacaan matoorada gantaal ah soo saaridda Ruush ah, si ay amniga qaranka ee dalka aanu ku xiran tahay ma on Russia. McClain taageeraya aragtida ah in sahayda ee matoorada Ruush waa caqabad ku yahay tartan dhexdooda shirkadaha Maraykanka. Isla mar ahaantaana, Senator Richard Shelby 2009 beddelay dukumintiga, kaas oo sheegay, "madaxbannaanida doorashada ee matoorada gantaal saara dalalka loo isticmaalo warbaahinta." Tani waxa ay ahayd sababta in Pentagon ayaa maal-abuurka ah ee makiinado ay gantaalada Mareykanka.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma jiraan wax xog sax ah oo ku saabsan horumarka berrinkii rocketry oo dalka Mareykanka ah.

horumar military

Sannadkii 2008, wadanka Mareykanka aan macquul ahayn u maamulo. Iyada oo taageero ka US Department of Difaaca iyo technology ciidamada uu ku dhacay orbiting satellite basaas USA-193.

Si loo fahmo sida ay u adag tahay in la siiyo tusaale. Gan hoos satellite ah kastana falagiisuu dhex wareegsan dhulka waa loo siman yahay si ku dhuftay kubada tennis a in kale, oo waa umado xawaare ka mid ah 7.3 km / s, oo si joogto ah la beddelo dhabbihii. Waayo, sida shaqo joojinta qalliinka looga baahan yahay warhead ah oo awood u tiro yar oo Jid diyaarad labaad duwo.

Kor howlgalkan ka shaqeeya qiyaastii 200 oo ku takhasusay. Total loo diyaariyey 3 modified SM-3 gantaal. Haddii isku daygii ugu horeysay ku guuldareysatay, waxa ku hadhay oo suurto gal ah si ay u bilaabaan labada madaxyada soo socda. Mid ka mid ah gantaalada sida ku kacaysaa $ 10 million.

Recently, Shiinaha ayaa soo bandhigay technology la mid ah.

The X-Files

Waxaa jira macluumaad in ka shaqeeya horumarinta qarsoon US Department of Difaaca. Waxaa gudbiyo ee macnaha guud ee adag "nidaamada elektaroonigga iyo cybernetic iyadoo la isticmaalayo sirdoonka macmal." Tani waxaa lagu sheegay by-xigeenka madaxa Robert Pentagon Wark. Inkasta oo Ruush iyo Chinese hagaajiyo hubka nuclear, Americans hadlo faa'iidooyinka u "non-nuclear" dagaal.

Back ee 1983, Madaxweyne Ronald Reagan ku dhawaaqay bilowgii barnaamijka muddo-dheer ah oo cinwaankiisu yahay "Strategic Difaaca Initiative". Barnaamijkan waxaa loogu tala galay ay ciidamo ka mid ah hababka difaaca iyo shaqo joojin ku meel, kaas oo laga adkaado lahaa cadaawayaashooda ka iman kara weerarka fursado dhan North America.

Waxaa la sheegay in ku dhiirigelinayaan in uu ku hawlan yihiin oo ay qaar ka mid ah laser meel dagaal military, emitters qayb ka dhex-dhexaad ah iyo muraayadaha orbital. Xilligan la joogo ma jiro model hal farsamo, taas oo ay ogaadaan lahaa mashruuca. Sida jirin waa hay'adda US mid ka mid ah wasaaradda gaashaandhigga, mas'uul ka ah mashaariic kuwan.