Tunnel hoos Amur Khabarovsk

Amur River Tunnel, taas oo uu leeyahay sawir in this article - Khabarovsk ciidamada qarsoon iyo dhismaha rayidka ah. dabeecadihiisa ah kuwo gaar ah. tunnel The - shayga kaliya sida quuska gayiga Russia. xoog dhismaha Istiraatiijiga ah oo aan la isku dayay. Iyo tunnel ee waxaa loo isticmaalaa in times casriga ah ujeedooyin nabad ah.

prehistory

Qorshayaasha dhismaha oo ka mid ah goobaha gaadiidka tareenka muuqday horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad. tunnel The la dhisi hoos Cupid ah. In 1906, cabbirka iyo waxbarashada ayaa la sameeyay. Iyada oo ku saleysan waxbarashada, kuwaas oo waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah mashaariicda tunnel quuska, iyo buundada Webiga.

sawir Saadaasha ayaa lagu soo bandhigay carwo ee Amur ee Territory Khabarovsk. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa ka go'an in ay taariikhda guuradii koowaad ee Romanovs ah - tercentenary ah. On sawir qiyaas ah ka muujinayaa jidka tareenka kasbada quuska. Laakiin dhismaha mashruuca u soo jeestay baxay in la soo xulay buundada guud ahaan River Amur ah sida ugu habboon.

goobaha kala soocidda

In 1930. ee Bariga Fog ayaa bilaabay dhismaha waaweyn. Tani waxay keentay in la kordhiyo socodka TRANSSIB xamuulka. Tareenka, taas oo la dhisay 19-20 qarniyo., Loo baahan yahay waqti dheeraad ah. Bishii Abriil 1920, galaasyada buundada ayaa la soo Suurka by Awliyadiisa for qabateeyo jidka Japan. Trans-Siberian Tareenka ayaa ka jabay muddo shan sano ah. Bariga Fog ka go'ay Siberia iyo Russia. line tareenka A maraa Manchuria.

Sidaa darteed, waxaa la go'aamiyay in la dhiso tunnel ka yar River Amur sida buundada ahaa mid aad u nugul sababtoo ah halista military ka Japan. Mustaqbalka dhismaha quuska isla markiiba waxaa lagu tilmaamay oo helay No. 4 Commissariat Dadka. Sidaa darteed, mowduucan ayaa muddo dheer la yaqaan.

Diyaarinta dhismaha

Ka hor inta dhismaha tunnel xargaha ah Khabarovsk tagay spetsekspeditsiya ka "Soyuztransproekta". Liiska cilmi ka mid ah khubarada "Metroproekta" iyo Akadeemiyadda Milatariga magacaabay ka dib markii Kuibyshev. dhismaha dhulka ahaa network ugu horeysay ee dhibcood geodetic. Tani brand ee biraha ku monoliths la taaban karo.

Works sameeyaa saddex-demisku madax banaan. Haddii mid ka mid ah waxaa ku jiray leexashooyinkaasi ka qorshaha, kaabidda la sameeyey, dhammaan saddexda kormeerayaal xagga dhamaaday. Markaasaa khubaro socda - sahmiyayaal, ka shaqeeya dushiisa. Oo dhidibka tunnel quuska la dhigay, ku xidhan magac.

shuqulka oo dhan lagu qaaday si degdeg ah - in kaliya shan bilood. Inta lagu guda jiro korsasho ee wadada baaro 9 duwanaansho. Ku hawlan ee design iyo Institute Vedeneev academician "Metroproekt". Ugu dambeyntii version ansixiyey, iyada oo la tixgelinayo difaaca lidka diyaaradaha. Dhismaha ayaa la dhisay kiiloomitir badh ka buundada. tunnel Tareenka hoos Amur la dambeyntii ogolaaday in Khabarovsk ee March 1938

Bilow dhismaha xarun qarsoodi ah

Sida laga soo xigtay amar dowladda, dhismaha xarumaha qarsoon bilaabay in 1937, waxaa la yaqaan "tirada shayga 4". Inkasta oo inta badan shaqo bilaabay oo aan miisaaniyadda guud iyo TEHPROEKT horumarinta. Iyo dhismaha tunnel ahaa marka laga reebo ma jiro. Mashruuca Farsamada iyo qiyaasta guud ayaa loo diray goobta ka dib - bishii May ee 1939 ee dhismaha tunnel xargaha ah in la qaatay 294.5 million rubles. Dhismaha ayaa la qorsheeyay in la wakiishay dhamaadka 1939

Yaa ku hawlanaa dhismaha?

In 1937 wuxuu bilaabay tunneling. Waxaa sameeyey shan iyo toban shirkadood oo kuwa dhismaha kala duwan. Ay ku lug lahaayeen in unugyada shaqada iyo injineernimada military. Amur River Tunnel la dhisay hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Dadka commissar of Tareennada oo ka mid ah Midowga Soviet L. M. Kaganovicha. Masuul ka ah tirada shayga 4 ayaa loo magacaabay NA Ermolaev. Waxa uu sidoo kale noqday injineer sare. Yermolaev kormeero dhammaan shaqada dhismaha ilaa ay wada dhammaadeen.

Rakibaadda goobaha dhulka iyo shaqo ku lug leh ee burburka ciidamada tareenka. Waayo, dhismaha tunnel ah oo ku saabsan mawduuca ayaa seconded Metrostroi 900 shaqaalaha la xirfad weyn ee profile. takhasusay Chief loo magacaabay I. D. Gotsiridze. Caawiyay dhiso tunnel ah dadka deegaanka rayidka. In xirfado foosha xabsiga. Guud ahaan, ka qaybqaatay abuurista tunnel ah 5,500 oo qof sanadkiiba.

Dogob iyo dhidibka goomahooda ugu weyn

Ka hor inta aan bilaabay inuu wax dhiso tunnel tareen oo ka hooseeya Amur webiga, afar fallaadhihii marka hore la dhigi jiray. Iyaga waxaad ku dhaadhicin dhulka saaray loox - heerka naqshadda. bowd kasta waa in diiradda saddex kooxood sahan. Oo waxay dhawreen lasoo dhidibka ugu weyn ee dhismayaasha quuska, oo diiradda saaraya dhibic design ka.

Features of dhismaha lays

Gelinta ahayd adag, looga baahan yahay sax sare. tunnel The quuska ma aha oo xiriir ah ka bangiga bangiga, in xariiq toosan oo qalooca ah, dhismaha xataa vertical. Dhidibka ma noqon karo lahayn isla badan shan sintimitir. weecasho Greater ka caadi ah lama oggola. Iyo si uu shuqulka siman oo sax ah khubaro mahad, tunnel ah quuska hoos Amur ku lahaa sboyka wax ka badan shan iyo toban milimitir.

dhismaha tunneling waxaa adag by xaqiiqada ah in meelo qaar ka mid ah tunnel-xun waxaa daadadku. Laakiin, inkastoo taasi, heerka of muruqa godadkii uu la siman yahay ku dhawaad shan mitir maalin kasta. Waayo, waayahaas, heerarka, kuwaas oo aan horay loo arag ayaa dunida oo dhan. In kabxidda waxaas la sameeyey gaashaammo non-matoorada. Inta lagu guda jiro dhismaha waxaa ka baxsan oo loo bixiyey ku dhawaad 1.5 million mitir cubic of ciidda iyo gareeyeen 137,6 kun oo mitir kuubo oo la taaban karo.

Beddelidda waqtiga dhismaha

Bishii June 1941, shirkii reer binu tunnel la dhameeyey. In wakhtigaas ka hor dhamaystirka shaqada loo baahan yahay muddo bilo ah ugu yaraan lix kale. Laakiin saabsan mowduuca helay dhambaal uu ka Guddiga Difaaca State iyo saxiixeen Stalin. fariin ku qoran amar ha tareenka dhex tunnel quuska in wakhtiga ugu gaaban suurogal. shuqullada ayaa la dedejiyey in ay xadka. Ugu dambeyntii dhismaha burburnin, iyo sidoo kale helitaanka wadada ku meel gaar ah. waaya'aragnimo The shaqeeya otsypali 8,000 mitir cubic burbur ah. Iyo jidka weyn ee loo diyaariyey. tunnel hoostiisa Amur ee Khabarovsk diyaar u ahayd inay tagaan.

Furitaanka tunnel in ay ku shaqeeyaan

muddo Stalin lagu maamuusay gaar ah, ka dib markii dhismaha ah taas oo ahayd in ay galaan qalliin - 20/06/1941, kuwii wax dhisayay lahaa ku yidhi iyada tunnel ah quuska, taariikhda tegey qayb ka horeysay, taas oo halkaasna waxaa joogay dadkii shaqaalaha iyo madaxda ah. darawalka tareen orday V. Vozheyko.

25/04/1942 The Commission ee Dowladda in ay qaataan tunnel galay howlgalka si joogto ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, kormeerayaasha la qiimeeyey dhismaha wanaagsan, iyo shuqulkii sahmiyayaal - fiican. Dhererka tunnel hoostiisa Amur ahaa 7198 mitir. Waayo, hawlgalka caadiga ah, waxaa lagu qalabaysan a kululaynta, hawo iyo nidaamyada iftiiminta. Si cad u dhigay ku listo caqabad biyaha iyo dhawaaqay alarm.

Dhinaca bari wejigiisa, waxaa jira saddex kuwaas oo la sameeyey hab furan degaanka ee 1350 m oo dherer ah. Dhexroor The hoose oo qayb ka mid ah quuska ee tunnel waa 7400 mm. qaybta bari ee dhismaha ku yaal gudahood West Khabarovsk ah - oo u dhow saldhigga post-Pokrovskiy.

By markii ugu tunnel la dhisay ee heer ka mid ah farsamooyinka military ugu horumarsan. Dhismaha ahaa margin badan oo ah ammaanka. Waxay leedahay 7 hawo qaboojiyaha. Mid ka mid ah waxa uu ku yaalaa on jasiiradda, iyo inta kale - labada wabiga Amur ah. Sidaa darteed, tunnel ku hadhay muddo tobannaan sano. Oo waa in howlgalka ilaa iyo haatan.

The War Great Patriotic

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka oo dhan laga soo galo iyo habab ee tunnel-quuska si taxadar leh Ilaalinna. Si taas waxaa loo aasaasay, marka lagu daro isbaarooyinka, iyo batariyo lidka diyaaradaha. Mid iyaga ka mid ahaa on the bangiyada oo ka mid ah marinnada Mad. Fighter Lelikov batteriga ka dib sheegay in ay ahayd ka post fariin ku saabsan diyaarad aan la garanayn, kaas oo u dhaqaaqay dhinaca buundada. Haddana waxaa ka dhawaajisay digniinta, batari lidka diyaaradaha ayaa waxaa si deg deg ah oo lagu soo eedeeyay rasaas nool.

waqti gaaban ka dib markii diyaarad ka soo galay view. Waxaa laga yaabaa in uu raadinayo galo in tunnel hoostiisa Amur ah. diyaarad First u xiiseeyaan goobjoogayaasha. Laakiin Mashiinka hawada ka hor ay gaartay dabka "flak" soohdintu waxay heli leexiyey Manchukuo. hubka dagaalka uu soo saaray. Sidaa darteed, qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha oo ka mid ah ka dibna weli mid Salvo ayaa la dhigay.

tunnel Subsea inta lagu guda jiro sano ee dagaalka

Laga soo bilaabo 1944 in 1945, inta badan qaadaa iyada oo xamuul tunnel ku Qaddarray dagaalka kula Japan ka. Markaas tareenka quuska waxaa loogu talo galay marinka cutubyo ciidamada iyo dhamaan noocyada gaadiidka. Markii uu dagaalku dhamaaday, tunnel la wada ilaaliyo, sida xarunta qarsoodi ah. tunnel Tareenka hoos Amur la dhawray by askari oo sita eeyaha.

Isticmaalka tunnel ka dib markii dagaalka

Tan iyo 1960-kii, U-tareenka loo adeegsaday gaadiidka badeecadaha kala duwan, si loo kordhiyo awoodda buundada Amur. Tan iyo tunnel uu leeyahay mid ka mid ah waddada kaliya, mooshin la faray in hal jiho kaliya - galbeed. In 1980 waxaa la dhameystiray electrification ee line tareen oo ka mid ah Far Eastern Khabarovsk-Bireh ah. Intaas ka dib, bir iyo rakaabka tareenka safraan tunnel ah, ee Vol. H. Oo magaalada hareeraheeda ah.

Tunnel ee jeer casriga ah

In times casriga ah tunnel tareenka hoostiisa Amur ah ee u baahan dayactir weyn. Dhismaha ayaa la isticmaalay si ballaadhan loogu talagalay konton sannadood. tunnel waa wax u gaar ah in aad rabto in aad si loo badbaadiyo. Waqtiga dhismaha dhismaha ahaa tareenka dheer quuska dunida oo dhan.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in tunnel-dayactir weyn ayaa loo baahan yahay, shayga weli si nabadgelyo ah oo lagu kalsoonaan karo sidii hore. gaadiidka Tareenka ee lagu sameeyaa si habsami leh. Iyo cilladaha yar yar ha ku xad daacadnimada tunnel ah. In 2009, dib u dhiska biriijka Amur lagu qabtay. Tan iyo markaas, waxa uu leeyahay laba siyaabood.

Amur River Tunnel howl waqti dheer waxay bilaabeen inay soo dumaan. Meelo badan, waxaa jiray dillaac yar. usheeda dhexe anigaa bilaabay inuu qudhmi. In tunnel waxaa ururiya qashin badan iyo waaya'aragnimo. Waxay u baahan tahay beddelo size-hiilaadka. Haddaba dhisaa qorshe - si ay u cusboonaysiiyaan tunnel gaarka quuska. Sidaa darteed, mashaariicda dib u dhiska ayaa waxaa durbaba la diyaariyey. dayactirka grand ugu dhakhsaha badan dhici doona, oo edbin doonaa xaaladda.