Style casri Northern naqshadaha ee St. Petersburg

bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad ee St. Petersburg calaamadeeyay dhalashada of style a naqshadda cusub, mid ka mid ah muuqaalada caan ku ahayd taas oo loo isticmaalo in design ah ee images bannaanka ka mid ah shimbiraha, xoolaha, dhirta iyo isku sharraxdid ka waqooyiga hiddaha amaahatay. Waxa ay sameeyeen dib u soo kabashada weyn dhayal weyn oo ba'an oo ka mid ah St. Petersburg guriga. style The ee naqshadda dhismaha, taas oo sii xeerkii jaceyl dhaqan af Iswiidhish iyo af Finnish, loo yaqaan "Northern Art lacagta badan". Saftay ayaa ka qayb qaatay xoojinta weyn ee xiriirka Russia ay la Sweden iyo Finland. In farshaxanka dalalkaas, Ujeeda ugu weyn ee ahaa jaceyl, si firfircoon isticmaalaa goobaha ka epics iyo sheekooyinka.

Maqaalkani waxa uu na barayaa in ka taxadiri dhalaalaya oo Art Northern ee lacagta badan naqshadaha St. Petersburg.

calaamadaha qaab

Calaamadaha ugu weyn ee dibadda ah naqshadda dhismaha casriga ah waqooyiga waxaa soo xulay isku dhafan xirfad weyn ee qalabka dhameystir dabiiciga ah iyo macmal ah. Halkan, mid kasta oo gargaarka qayb ka dhawaanshaha dadka kale.

bareesada darbiga waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa dhagax adag Finnish. In style ee waqooyiga casri siiya processing xoqdo, joogitaanka jajabkii habsami la qoray iyo xubno ka farshaxan. Diyaarad ka mid ah derbiyada dabaqa sare waxaa daboolay lakabka dhameystir tiradii lebenkii oo ama textured nuurad ah.

Waxaa ka mid ah waxyaalaha aasaaska ah ee decoration dhismayaasha taagan naqshado waxyiga ahaa taswiirihii reer hiddaha waqooyi - flora iyo dubato. Xusid mudan waa isticmaalka soo noqnoqda ee midabka iyo majolica dusiyeen.

Qaabka uu leeyahay dhismayaasha, ee style ee waqooyiga casriga ah, arrin weyn, naqshadaha ma jiraan waxyaabaha yaryar madaxtooyada.

Imaanayn isku darka qaabab iyo qaababka, noocyo kala duwan oo furan suuqa kala, iyagoo isku dhafan oo ka Piers iyo midab guud ee Aamino ee guriga, ee style ee style casri waqooyiga, ee St. Petersburg ee dareenka ka buuxa erayga galay qaab qabow adag jeestay, eg waqti isku mid ah dhismayaashii baaxad weyn ee qarniyadii dhexe iyo Bbc dhagax waqooyiga .

naqshadaha Northern casri ah St. Petersburg ma laga heli karo tiro badan, laakiin weli waxa ay ku xiran tahay qaar ka mid ah bogagga ugu cajiib ah taariikhda dhismaha dalka ee St. Petersburg ee horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad. Muuqaaladan ugu weyn ee dhinaca, kaas oo la mahadiyo dadka degan gobolka, waxa uu ahaa isticmaalka qalabka dabiiciga ah - qoryo iyo dhagax, yabban stylized ee naqshadaha dad ka mid ah waqooyiga iyo qarniyadii dhexe, xiriir organic la qaababka muuqaalka deegaanka xagga dibedda.

Northern Art lacagta badan ee St. Petersburg: Taariikhda

Horumarinta ee style ee St. Petersburg ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay sarkhaansan muhiim ah oo af Finnish, af Iswiidhish iyo Architecture-neo-ka taataabtay.

Artist, taasoo wadada u xaareysa ka yimaada wadamada waqooyiga si St. Petersburg, wuxuu ahaa Sergei Diaghilev, kuwaas oo abaabulan bandhig farshaxan Scandinavian ee 1897 ee School of Technical Bixidda ee Baron Stieglitz. Later yabban Scandinavian ayaa soo gaaray by injineero ka bilaabay inuu wax dhiso ee St. Petersburg guriga ee aan horay loo arag ka hor style waqtiga.

Waxaa la og yahay in kaari fikradaha style ka isha asalka ahaa Friedrich (Fedor) Lidval, mid ka mid ah wakiilada beesha Swedish ee caasimada waqooyiga.

In uu mashruuca ee St. Petersburg ee muddada 1901-1907 GG ah. Waxay la dhisay dhismayaasha, oo ay noqdaan dad kale faafinta ee kala doorashada modernismen Austria iyo Jarmalka.

Khubarada ogow saamayn weyn ku formation of qaab farshaxan ah naqshada ee tirooyinka waaweyn sida ee neo-nasjonalromantiske Swedish sida Boberg oo Klasson.

gacan ka geysasho muhiim in ay formation of Art Northern ee lacagta badan ee marxaladda hore la soo bandhigay by muuqaalka kore ee dhismaha, loogu talagalay by R. Meltzer, on Stone Island. saamaynta Later on style ee naqshadda dhismaha ee ujeeddooyinka Finnish noqday mid ka mid ah ugu weyn. Taariikhi dhisay 1907, sida guri Putilova on Avenue Grand ah. Petrograd Side (shuqulka dhise I. Pretro), iyo dhismaha Shirkadda Caymiska ee "Russia" on wadada. Bol. Badda (shaqo ee naqshadeeyaha ugu G. Gimpel), ay yihiin calaamadaha ganaax toos shuqullada asxaabta Finnish - L. Sonck iyo E. Saarinen. Tani, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Khubarada ayaa leh, ma yaraysto shakhsiyadaada iyo tayada fanka sare ee hawlahaas.

In qeybtii labaad ee tobanka sano ee hore ee Northern Art lacagta badan labaatanaad ee St. Petersburg ayaa noqon koorsada ugu weyn naqshadda in soo jiitay ee injineero dhallinyarada. Iyada oo wakhtigan, xirmaan guulaha ugu waaweyn ee N. Vasiliev, raacsane a hore ee nasjonalromantiske, kaas oo la ogan karo in shuqullada aragtida shakhsiga ah ee style. Kor yabban bariga heysatay theme waqooyiga hore ee guriga A. Bubyr (str Stremyannaya.), Iyo qabyo kama dambaysta ah ee masaajidka, iyo dhowr dhisme oo kale.

casri Northern Later waxaa si kulul u cambaareeyay, xirto inta badan shawaafaniistaha. Sida kale si chuhonskomu sameeyey neoclassicism waxa loogu yeero casri, kaas oo u taagan sidii style dhab ah oo qaran ah (Imperial). Oo weliba waxaa jiray dhammaan dhismayaasha cusub oo cusub oo qaab casri waqooyiga. Madaxtooyada jir siiyey si ay rationalism.

ornamental yaryar iyo decoration sculptural, la xirrira image jaceyl ayaa la bedelay isku-dar ah tolnimo caag ah oo ah tiro badan - balakoonka, bay daaqadaha, shiiska saqafka. Gaar ahaan xiiso leh, sida laga soo xigtay khubaro, dhismayaasha dhaadheer ee style Northern casri, dhisay 1910-1915 GG. (Naqshada A. Bubyr).

wakiilada

Northern Art lacagta badan ee St. Petersburg soo bandhigay shuqulkii injineero keentay:

• Vladimir Apyshkova;
• Alekseya Bubyrya;
• Nikolai Vasilyev;
• Alexander Zelenko;
• Fedora Lidvalya;
• George Makaeva;
• Hippolyte Pretro.

Gole ee style ee waqooyiga casri, St. Petersburg: Top 5 dhismayaasha ugu caansan

Waa in dhex maraya wadada this dalwaddii dhigay amateurs naqshadaha horyalka Talyaaniga. Waxay keenaysaa in dhismayaasha ugu caansan dhisay St. Petersburg ee waqooyiga Art lacagta badan, iyo aqoon taariikhdooda. dhismayaasha Kuwanu waa bogga ugu ifka badan ee soo jiidashada buugga.

guriga Bubyr on wadada. Aroos, 11

In horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad, naqshada St. Petersburg ee Alekseem Bubyrem soo iibsaday on wadada. Aroos dalkii la dhismayaasha. Wada jir ah ula naqshadeeyaha ugu sayidkiisa Nikolai Vasilyev oo bilawday dhismaha guriga aqalka, taas oo ay qorsheynayaan in ay hoos u degto oo la socda qoyskiisa, iyo inta kale ee ka mid ah aqalka iyo qolalka la kiraysto. dhismaha si deg deg ah helay taageero iyo mid ka mid ah soo jiidashada cusub noqday. Jidka maraya, by si la yaab iyo farxi tirooyinka la yaab leh, si deeqsinimo ah soo jiidaan ay tolnimo. Kuwaas oo kaliya u khuduuca aan la arki karin derbiyadeeda on: tuke, kalluunka, dhirta fantastic, xayawaan la yaab leh ka sheekooyinka iyo halyeeyadoodii hore. Meel gaarka ah ee decoration guriga la siiyey image ee qorraxda, sidii loogu tala galay oo daari doona kooxda ugu weyn ee guriga u jeedday xagga woqooyi, halkan ha u hesho rays diiran ee qorraxda.

Dhismaha socday muddo laba sano ah. In 1907 waxaa bilaabay si ay u degaan kiraystayaasha cusub. On soo dhaafay, dabaqa lixaad, naqshadeeyaha ugu dejiyaa qoyskiisa.

Features of style in qaab dhismeedka at Stremyannaya

Qaab dhismeedka Tani heer sare ah, Dhuur ka badan wadada Stremyannaya ah, waa tusaale jiidashada leh ee injineero casri waqooyiga Vasiliev, qandaraaslaha ugu weyn ee shaqo madaxtooyada on Aamino ugu weyn, isku qaababka badan, ka soo jiidashada Ruush culsu iyo taxadiri Mediterranean.

Dhameystirka bay la yaab leh dhagaystayaasha iyo jeesasho ururada la domes of the cathedrals of Novgorod, baararka dhagax, dhisay on dhinacyada ka soo galo iyo asluubta. guriga waa garabaka kaabadaha keentay in qalcado Dr Makumbe iyo calaamadaha qoraxda isku mar Amaanay labada naqshadaha Yurub iyo Ruush, waxaa laga arki karaa on dayrarka bir ah iyo ku malaastaan.

Masiirka guriga

Bubyr ahaa milkiilaha guriga ilaa 1919, ka dib markii kacaanka, wuxuu lahaa si ay u Ukraine, halkaas oo ugu dhaqsaha badan naftiisa murugo leh ayaa waxaa la gooyaa gaaban tagaan.

Haddaba guriga ku joogsatay meeshiisii iyo, sida taxadiri kale oo badan, ayaa arkay badan. dhismaha ka badbaaday in qarada weyn ee kacaanka, dagaal iyo dib u dhiska. Fursad u heli lahaa inuu isaga arko mid ah dadka deegaanka iyo muwaadiniinta halyeeyga ah: guriga hore ee naqshada la qaybsan guryaha la wadaago, ku noolaa halkan caanka Eduard Khil. Later guriga furay cafe "dartaa", taas oo jeclaa inay soo ururin heleen wakiillada caan weyn ee dhulka hoostiisa Leningrad ee: Viktor Tsoi iyo Boris Grebenshchikov. Waxaa la og yahay in dayrka guriga loo sameeyey toogtay filimka "Walaal".

"Guriga Tolstoy ee" (Reer Tirada faa'iido Tolstoy M. P.) on wadada. Rubinstein, 15-17

Tani weyn oo guriga 6 dabaq sabab la'aan loo yaqaan "magaalada magaalada gudaheed." Ayuu Gaar ahaan ay khariidad waxaa laga heli karaa saddex daaradaha ku xiran by marinnada in ay u sameeyaan xaafada dhab ah la deggan yahay, iyo waxa ay u muuqataa in dadka ku nool degaanka, si buuxda u gaar ah inta kale ee magaalada, in yards, kuwaas oo laga cabsado badan oo boos, laakiin waxay sidoo kale ku kala duwan yihiin qaar ka mid ah ay jawi gaar ah . Naqshada - Fedor Lidval, dhismaha macaamiisha ee dhismaha a grand ah - (. 1877-1878 GG) Major-General Tiri Mikhail Tolstoy, xubin ka mid ah dagaal Ruush-Turkish.

Lidval jecel yahay in uu shuqulladiisa isticmaali xubno u waxyoonay by Renaissance ah. In design guriga Tolstoy ee aad ka heli karto balakoonka ballaaran on dabaqyada sare, galo, meelaha dedan Renaissance. decoration kursiga ula kac ah oo kala duwan: dheri fiican in gacmaha Cupid taagan niches, qurxin galo.

Gurigiina waxaa ka uuraysatay sida hoy u ah dadka dhammaan qaybaha bulshada, waxaa la siiyay sida guryaha lagu raaxaysto, lama ilaawaan ah ay qiimaha sare iyo fursadaha miisaaniyad suubban. Qorshaha saadaalineysaa wiishashka, dharka iyo biyo.

oo gurigan la oran karo waa rikoor ah tirada dadka ku nool waxaa ku jira waqtiyo kala duwan ee caanka ah, kuwaas oo ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu wac qoraaga Aleksandra Kuprina, Mikhail Shemyakin, qoob cayaarto Irina Kolpakova, qoraa iyo weriye Arkady Averchenko, Abwaan kacaan Vasily Knyazev iyo kuwo kale oo badan. yards Qaar ka mid ah guriga Tolstoy ayaa waqtiyo kala duwan ee maalinta loo arki karaa socda inay booqdaan ama soo laabanaya, Anna Akhmatova, I. Brodsky, Dovlatov S., A. Rosenbaum, Valery Gergiev, Raikin, A. Freundlich, O. Basilashvili, M. Boyarsky iyo L. Luppian. Deyrarka iyo bannaanka ka ah dhismaha inta badan kuugu adeego sidii hortegi ah filim ee filimka: halkan filim "The Tacaburka ee Sherlock Holmes iyo Doctor Watson", "Winter Cherry", "Birth of Revolution" iyo "Burcad Petersburg".

"Sugarloaf" (guri nagaadi TUSAALE Follenveydera) on waddo Big ah, 13

Kamennoostrovsky waddo caan ku tahay xoolo ah taxadiri naqshadda ee Art Northern ee lacagta badan. Tani waxay si gaar cad cad kuna sugan dibadda ee guri nagaadi ah, kuwaas oo milkiilaha ahaa muwaadin Swiss, dawaarle ah iyo alaab-of E. Maxkamadda Imperial ee Follenveyder, guriga waxa la dhisay 1905 sida ay naqshada Mashruucan Meltzer. guri nagaadi waa soo xareeyo of Art Northern ee lacagta badan, laakiin ka duwan canaasiirta kale ee nooleenta Gothic ah. Tan waxaa loo sharxay by xaqiiqada ah in dhismaha uu ahaa mid ka mid ah tijaabo, aasaaskii ku dhigay ayaa kaliya u muuqday naqshadaha reer magaalka, jihada of Art Northern ee lacagta badan.

style guriga

Go'aanka stylistic dhismaha taariikhda dib u dhaqanka ah nasjonalromantiske Scandinavian iyo Finnish. Waxaa lagu gartaa xog iyo monumentality Muga, munaaradaha weyn, qurxiyey teendhada cusubi. Ogaanno waxaa lagu sawiray derbiyada nuurad cad imaanayn la dusiyeen saqafka cas iyo Soviet dhagax adag cawlan. Saftay dibadda ee dhismaha ekaan qalcaddii hore ama dhismaha Scandinavian Art lacagta badan dhaqameed, waa mid baahsan qarnigii XX ah.

Waxa xiiso leh in sida ugu dhaqsiyaha badan dhismaha la dhisay, dadka ay si deg deg ah loogu magac daray "Sugar Loaf" - badan tahay sabab u qotontay iftiin-midab iyo Xamar elongated. Waxaa la og yahay in ka dib markii kacaanka, ee guri nagaadi ahaa sanatorium ah. Maanta, guri nagaadi ah heysta qunsuliyadda deenishka.

About guriga dabaq I. M. Lidvalya on Pr Kamennoostrovsky., 1/3

Waxaa la og yahay in 1898, dalkii on Kamennoostrovsky Avenue lagu iibsaday by hooyadiis naqshadeeyaha ugu F. Lidval. dhismaha waa shaqo ugu horeysay ee madax banaan ee naqshadeeyaha ugu. farsamada New qoraaga, aan hore loo yaqaan naqshadaha ee St. Petersburg, wuxuu ahaa heshiis ee dayrka badan oo hore, kala furan dhinaca ka baxsan. piece Tani, atypical ee dhismayaasha dhaadheer St. Petersburg, galaya aqalka waxaa bixiyey xaddi weyn oo iftiin.

Waxaa ka mid ah faahfaahinta soo jireenka ah ee casriga, qoraaga ayaa loo isticmaalaa cartouche gargaarka, taas oo uu ku qurxiyey portal dhexe, oo intuu ku tuntay taariikhda dhammaystirka shaqada on qayb ka this guriga - "1902". Xuquuqda laga bilaabo taariikhda ku cad laamaha Pine la yaqaano, kuwaas oo loo arki karaa meel u dhow shimbir kaynta kan kalase waa norovyaschie ag iyada bakaylaha fadhiya. Markaasaa ilaaladii bakaylaha arkay in uu ordo out of jiqda kaynta ee uu la shaqayn jiray weyn-jeexin ah. Dhinaca bidix ee taariikhda, aad u bogi karin image ee madaxa Lynx afka ka furan, meel u dhow Shaad on laan guumays ah oo garbolabo faafinta.

Bannaanka u saameeyaa badan mulacyada image, weyn-kalluunka, berry duurjoogta ah, toadstools, tulips iyo wixii la mid ah. Jiidata joogitaanka Laabeen of bay daaqadaha badan iyo balakoonada, furitaankiisu uu furmo suuqa, caleemo saaray images of images of dhirta iyo ugaarta. Kuwani muuqaalada stylistic waa sababta in guriga lagu sheegay in buugaagta taariikhda ee naqshadaha. Marka ugu horeysa ee "Lugbuur Best" ee St. Petersburg (1907), shaqada naqshada ayaa loo dhigay.

Waxaa ka mid ah kireystayaasha magac weyn loo yaqaan qoyska Lidval, artist K. Petrov-Vodkin, actor Yuri Yuriev.

"House la daaqdo" (guriga dabaq Putilovoy T. N.) on Grand Avenue PS, 44

muuqaalka kore ee magiciisa aan rasmiga ahayn ee dhismaha loo baahan yahay si farshaxan ah gorayada xardhey ay tolnimo. Gurigiina waxaa ka dhisay muddada u dhaxaysa 1906 in 1907. Its qoraaga ahaa naqshadeeyaha ugu Hippolyte Pretro - mid ka mid ah wakiilo ka Northern St. Petersburg ee Moderne. dhismaha ayaa la dhisay baayacmushtariga Putilova, taas oo mar ahaa milkiilaha mid ka mid ah manufactory ee dukaamada ku Vasilyevsky Island.

Golaha disorder farshaxanka xusid mudan, daaqadaha qaabab kala duwan: shirokime, cidhiidhi ah, oo gaaban, waqti dheer. Next, daawadayaasha ogsoon tahay joogitaanka tallaabo tallaabo ah bay daaqadaha, wax sharraxsan, faro badan images hodan barbaro flora waqooyiga, dubato iyo hiddaha. Golaha la daaqdo Waa calaamad aan caanka ah ee magaalada. Maqnaanshaha xubno madaxtooyada guriga la tixgelin karo block mabda'a caadiga ah, gudaha taas oo ay jirto a barxadda-si fiican. Laakiin joogitaanka asalka qafiska, balakoonka iyo mudnaanta images yaab tolnimo dhab ah la ilaawi karin. Waa "House la daaqdo" waxaa loo arkaa inay kaarka ganacsi style a Northern casri. In 1912, shuqulka naqshadeeyaha ugu on tartanka oo ka mid ah guriyo fiican Pretro tilmaamay bilad ah lacag. Waagaas waxaa loogu tala galay aqoonsiga wanaagga qoraaga.

On nooleenta ee dhaqanka

Si aad ugu faraxsan oo dhan hudheellada iyo taageerayaasha oo cunto dhadhan fiican leh iyo caafimaad ma aha sidaas dheer ka hor degmada Petrograd furay maqaayad "style casri Northern". Name of hay'ad garabaka Zaman, by koritaanka arag aqoonsiga qaranka Ruushka, iyo sidoo kale ubax aan horay loo arag ee farshaxanka, dhaqanka iyo xeelado ganacsi cusub calaamadeeyay.

Magaca waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa faham oo ka mid ah milkiilayaasha of baahida loo qabo in dib u soo noolaynaysa iyo xoojinta dhaqanka ee qaranka. makhaayad ayaa ku dhow dhismaha, kaas oo hoy u ah "PetroCongress". goobaha bannaanka iyo gudaha Fine waa in wada noolaanshaha la asalnimada ee ay menu, oo waxaa ku badan suxuunta of cunnada ay pre-kacaan.