Sociologists Ruush - afduub isbedelka taariikhiga ah iyo xaaladda siyaasadeed

Sida dalal badan oo horumarsan ee Europe, horumarinta cilmiga sayniska ah ee Russia bilaabay in bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah. anshaxa Tani waa laan in daraasaad sharciyada ay bulshadan u shaqayso iyo qaab-dhismeedka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhinaca horumarinta dalkeena badan oo isbedelka taariikhiga goostay iyo xaalada siyaasadeed ee waqti gaar ah.

muddo Pre-kacaan

The sociologists horeysay Ruush yihiin inta badan la waxyoonay by naqshado ah cilmibaadhe reer galbeedka. First of Auguste Comte, Georga Zimmelya iyo Emilya Dyurkgeyma. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in deegaanka gudaha, sayniska this ayaa helay qof aad u gaarka ah. On ciidda deegaanka dhibaato ay ugu weyn ee ay ahayd fikrad qaranka.

Waxay ahayd markaa in sociologists Ruush ku abuuray dad badan oo reer khaas ah ee dalka (oo qayb ahaan waa caan ah xitaa maanta) Fikradda: Slavophilism, Westernism, iyo wixii la mid ah. Markaasaa ah ee laba kooxood oo taageera fikradahan, qeexay in fikirka cilmiga dalka ee bartamihii qarnigii XIX ah. Slavophiles ahaayeen qanacsanahay in shuruudaha taariikhiga ah ee Russia halkan aasaasay shaqeeyo bulshada gebi ahaanba u gaar ah, sidaa darteed baahida loo qabo horumarinta madax bannaan oo dheeraad ah iyo diidmada oo ka mid ah fikradaha jidka Yurub, iyo xitaa ka sii badan oo ka isdhexgalka. sociologists Ruush Westernising dareenka arkaa Russia oo qayb ka ah ilbaxnimada caadi Yurub oo u yeedhay soociddiisa oo ka mid ah qiyamka soo jeedaan, iyo sidoo kale is dhexgalka degdeg galay qoyska Yurub.

Xagga dhammaadkii qarnigii XIX iyo bilowga ah ee fikirka qarnigii XX Ruush sayniska ahaa sida ugu fiican ee subjectivism. In xaqiiqada dhabta ah ee Ruush in waxbaridda ku lug leedahay awood u ah shaqsi si weyn u saameeya koorsada taariikhda on iyaga u gaar ah, iyadoo aan loo eegin xeerarka Ujeedada of horumarinta bulshada iyo taariikhiga ah. The sociologists Ruush ugu caansan muddada pre-kacaan: N. Danilevsky, Nikolai Chernyshevsky, L. Mechnikov, P. Lavrov iyo kuwa kale.

sayniska cilmiga ee Midowga Soofiyeeti

In tobanka sano ee hore post-kacaan, waxaa weli wax badan ilaa xad ah oo ku saabsan xoriyadda ee horumarka ah ee fikradaha cilmiga. Xisbiga ayaa la xidhay by kala qaybsanaanta gudaha ah iyo halganka ka mid ah views ku saabsan sida dabcan waa in la horumariyo gobolka. Science ee bulshada in muddo this, waxaa la aqoonsan yahay iyo xataa taageero badan sociologists Ruush isticmaalo.

Sidaas darteed, in jaamacadaha Petrograd iyo Yaroslavl ayaa xitaa abuuray waaxda. In 1919, ee Institute of Sociology la asaasay dalka, la daabacay suugaanta ku habboon. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka fog, ee free-saxaafadeed dambe oo bedelay hab Markis baadhitaan bulshada.

In 1930, cilmiga ma yahay mid Caayan dawladda ee, uu noqday a dacayadeed-sayniska, waxa uu. isku day cusub A si timidly soo nooleeyo qaadashada sociologists Ruush ee qarnigii 20aad ee qeybtii labaad, markii 1960 waxaa la kala gooyey horumarinta sii cilmiga la xidhiidha nidaamka - falsafada iyo dhaqaalaha. aqoonsi Qaar ka mid ah sayniska ee horumarinta bulshada oo kaliya uu helo ee 1970-1980 ee, iyo Manhajkooda iyo ma xorriyadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, burburkii dhaqaale ee gobolka keenay cilmiga, iyo sidoo kale cilmiga kale oo badan, muddo sanado ah si ay u yimaadaan si ay istaagay.