Silica. Qaybinta ee dabiiciga ah, siyaabaha ay u helaan, isticmaalka

Silicon dioxide (formula kiimikada: SiO2, silica) - waa crystalline ah midab, madxafka ama wax qaab ma lahayn. macdanta Tani waa qaab ka mid ah ciid quartz waxaa si balaadhan loo adeegsado dhismaha, wax soo saarka ee alaabta kiimikada iyo raadiyaha, dhismaha duulista iyo warshadaha kale oo badan.

Qaybinta silica ee dabiiciga ah

Silica ku jira qolof dhulka ee isku dar ah ee qaar ka mid ah macdanaha kale (loo yaqaan dhagax adag), iyo silicate ah, qayb ka mid ah dhagaxa weyn. The ugu caansan si dabiici ah ku dhaco macdanta - quartz, cristobalite waa yara naadir ah, khalkedoon, tridymite, Opal, lechatelierite (galaas quartz). The kiristaalo quartz ganaax la xirrira waxa loogu yeero "core" quartz ah. Burburintii tartiib dhagaxyada la aasaasay ciid quartz, taas oo, is dulfuulan, horseeda in muuqaalka kore ee quartzite iyo sandstone.

Rhinestone - taasi waa quartz ugu saafi ah, Biyuhu. kiristaalo Its miisaantaan laga yaabaa in tobanaan tons, oo ay gaaraan dhererka dhowr mitir. Sidoo kale, quartz la mariyaa laga yaabaa in la nijaasta kala duwan buluug (ametustos), jaalle ah (citrine), madow (morion), qaaca (rauchtopaz). In dabiiciga ah, waxaa kale oo jira foomka cryptocrystalline ah quartz: sardiyos cas-pink, chrysoprase cagaaran-tufaaxa, iyo safayr buluug, yasbid xeelad-midab leh, iyo onika, iyo agate ciid, hornfels iyo Silicon.

Gaar ah Opal "sharaf leh", oo ka kooban qayb ka ah Kolloidol of dhexroor uniform ah oo ku saabsan 0.2 microns. Qurub Kuwan waxaa si adag u xidh buuxiyey oo galay agglomerates amartay oo biyo ay ku jiraan in ka yar boqolkiiba hal (in opals ugu - oo ku saabsan toddoba boqolkiiba). kayd Silicon Dabiiciga dioxide sidoo kale waxay sameyn karaan diatomite, Tripoli. Qolofka macdanta dhisay ee diatoms, ka Qalfoofkii ee buushka qaarkood. Isagu waa qayb ka mid ah afkoda of dhirta - sida cawsduur, horsetail, baasaboorka.

Sida loo helo silica?

SiO2 dardaro waxaa laga heli karaa:

- by tallaabada ee Hydrochloric (HCL) ama sulfuric (H2SO4) acids for silicate sodium ah, ugu yaraan - in silicates kale L (tani waa habka ugu muhiimsan ee dalalka horumaray);

- isticmaalaya Kolloidol dioxide Silicon (iyada oo ay keydsho ama xinjirowga hoos ficilka ah ee atammada F, Na +);

- by hydrolysis of fluoride ah Silicon SiF4, tetrachloride Silicon SiCl4, tetraethoxysilane (C2H5O) 4Si, desublimata adag (NH4) 2SiF6 qaab gaseous iyo sidoo kale in ammonia aqueous iyo xal aqueous (oo mararka qaarkood la sii dheer ee saldhigyada organic, ama ethanol).

Silicon amorphous dioxide diyaariyey:

- diatomite iyo Tripoli;

- calcination ee arabikhi oo bariis ah,

- darane ah quartz dhisnayd.

budo silica Anhydrous waxaa soo saaray:

- isticmaalaya dhigaalka uumiga kiimikada,

- by hydrolysis iyo uumiskii qayilo esters silica pyrogenic oo fluoride Silicon;

- by sari ee tetrachloride Silicon SiCl4 uumiga ee isku dar ah ee H2 iyo O2.

Sida silica loo isticmaalaa?

- silica dabiiciga ah loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee galaas, la taaban karo, abrasives, tiradii lebenkii oo la shiday ciid, dhoobada, earthenware, DINACYT, muraayadaha silicate;

- silica sindeetig ( "madow carbon cad") waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida filler in soo saaridda of caag;

- quartz kiristaalo hal helay isticmaalka korantada (filtarrada, xasiliya inta jeer piezoelectric, resonators) ee acoustoelectronics iyo acousto, ee dahabka, in qalab ah indhaha,

- rhinestone iyo Silicon dardaro dioxide waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida alaabta ceeriin soo saarka ee galaas quartz, quartz, fiiloyin quartz crystal hal iyo dhoobada. Taa baddalkeeda, dhoobada iyo quraarad quartz waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshadaha duulista, optics, korontada iyo warshadaha kale. Quartz waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qalab dhar, haynta kulaylka, iyo macdantaa quartz - si loo abuuro nidaam fiber-optic wareejinta macluumaadka iyo khadadka isgaarsiinta.