Saynisyahan The Charles Darwin: Biography ah, aragtiyaha iyo daahfurtay. Charles Darwin: Biography gaaban

Charles Darwin - mid ka mid ah ugu boosaska badan ee cilmi ee taariikhda aadanaha. Naturalist, socotada, author of aragtida ah ee horumar - taasi waa qayb yar oo ka mid ah guulaha badan iyo mudnaanta.

Carruurnimada iyo qaangaarka

Biography kooban oo ka mid ah Darwin aan qeexeynin tabarruca uu aadka u badan ee cilmiga ee horumarinta disiplin casri ah, laakiin waxay ka bilaabanaysaa 1809

aqoonyahan u dhashay ee laba iyo tobnaad ee bishii February ee English qoyska weyn ee Shrewsbury, Shropshire.

Sida laga soo xigtay xogta, taas oo ka tagay Biography Darwin ah ayaa sheegay in wiilka aabbihiis ayaa waxaa ku hawlan maaliyadda. Sidoo kale, waxa uu ahaa dhakhtar guul. Activity Robert Darwin qoyska u ogolaanayaa in ay si raaxo leh ku noolaadaan. Ka dibna, aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa hanweynahay in wiilkiisa - Charles Darwin. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah ee cilmiga ah ayaa xaqiijiyay in aabbihiis iyo ina dhan naftiisa si ay u taageeraan kasta oo kale.

Wiil hooyadiis dunidan ku hadhay 1817, wuuna dul joogsaday macluumaad aad u yar.

Biography kooban oo ka mid ah Darwin inoo sheegayaa in uu awoowe Charles Erasmus, wuxuu ahaa dhakhtar, Faylasuuf, qoraa. Guud ahaan, dhamaan xubnaha qoyska ay ahaayeen dadka qaba heer sare ah sirdoonka iyo dhaqanka.

Waa maxay nooca waxbarashada helay Darwin? Biography inoo sheegayaa in in 1817 uu bilaabay koorso dugsi maalinta degaanka, oo sannad ka dib lagu wareejiyay Anglican.

Young Charles ilmo doqon aad u ma. Laakiin waqti isku mid ah dugsiga Anigu ma aan jeclaan inaad wax ka barato oo ka fiirso manhajka waa mid aad u caajis.

In ay waqti free doorbiday si ay u ururiyaan iyo baran cayayaanka, aleesha iyo dhagaxyo aan caadi ahayn. Daawaday hababka dabiiciga ah - geedo ubax iyo ku xoortay, in ka badan webiyada, jihada dabaysha. Wuxuu ahaa jeclaan of ugaarsiga iyo kalluumeysiga.

Charles Darwin. Biography Warbixinta Gaarka ah. waxbarashada jaamacadaha

In 1825, aabbihiis dhageystay codsiga wiilkiisa oo u soo diray inuu barto Jaamacadda of Edinburgh. Robert ayaa doonay inay arkaan guri ammaan caafimaad bedelka wiilka.

Gaar ahaan waqti badan u huray in barashada biology, gaar ahaan, xawayaanka badda, algae. Cunid taxidermy, taariikhda dabiiciga ah iyo cilmi dhul. Waxa uu ka qayb qaatay firfircoon hawlaha Museum Jaamacadda, halkaas oo ururinta ugu weyn ee dhirta Europe ee la ururiyey.

laba sano "xun caajiso" ee dugsi ka dib markii uu dhaliyay tababarka.

Charles Darwin - At ku boorriyay aabbihiis cadhooday go'aansado inuu wareejiyo Kuliyada Theology in Cambridge, halkaas oo macalimiin ah in la ogaado magaca kari doontaa, ka dibna dunida oo dhan ruxay. Biography carrabaabay, in codsadaha taxadir leh u akhri buugaagta kaniisad gelitaanka ah. Ku hawlan si gaar ah macalinka in uu u dhashay Shrewsbury.

Waxaa ka furmay cutubka cusub ee uu noloshiisa, Darwin. Biography muddada this nolosha cilmiga weyn tebinaysa, isla markiiba ka dib fasaxa Christmas ee 1828, si guul ah uu ku soo maray imtixaanka laga galo.

Years of tababar xusuusan Lessons ee saaran, ugaadhsiga, kuwa lamid ah ururinta, daraasadda of suugaanta, xisaabta, fisigiska iyo juqraafiga.

waxbarashada Wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay ee 1831. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in guulo badan inta lagu guda jiro tababarka ma iftiimi, aqoonta this awood Darwin inay ku sugan yihiin liiska tobanka qalin fiican.

Ka dib markii qalin, oo wuxuu noqday xitaa ka sii badan shaki runta ah dogmas Masiixiga ah.

Charles Darwin: Biography gaaban. hawlaha Naturalistic

In doonidiina aan dhamaanayn in ay ogaadaan saynisyahan ka iman kara ogyahay botanist caanka Dzhonom Henslou, kuwaas oo helay graduate ah in koox cilmibaadhayaal ah ee dabiiciga ah ee South America saarnaa ee "Beagle". Ka dibna, saynisyahan ka Gaalowday oo ahaa mid aad u faraxsanahay in kooxda tageen in Darwin. Biography, si fiican bartay by taariikhyahanadu ee sayniska, Oo Xaqiijiyay In bayaankan.

Aabbaha Charles ka dhanka safarka ahaa, waxaa waqti lumis ka fiirsaneysa. Kaliya iyada oo loo marayo qabashada ee adeerkiis, Yoosiyaah Wedgwood II ee, Robert Darwin bixiyey oo u dhiibay kala tagii dhexdeenna ah barakaynayay inuu wiilkiisii.

Waayo, safarka ka badan shan sano ah kooxda u safartay Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Europe, Australia, Africa.

On Galapagos Islands ee sahamisa mockingbirds gaar xiiso, kuwaas oo xoogaa ka duwan kuwa lagu helo in England. qoolley bartay, noocyada kuwaas oo ku kala duwan yihiin xataa on jasiiradaha deriska ah.

Saynisyahanka la xiisaha bartay deegaanka deegaanka, dhirta iyo ugaarta. Natiijada duulaan ku noqday ururinta weyn dhagaxyada, macdanta, iyo geedo yaryar, xayawaanka cufan iyo shimbiraha. Waxay la sameeyay ku tilmaamay ka muuqday iyo anatomy ee xawayaanka badan.

All-galku waxa laga diiwaan-qorka, kaas oo Charles iyo isku halleeyeen markii qoraal waraaqo cilmi labaatan sannadood ee soo socda. Studies ayaa la daabacay hoos horyaalka "ku socda oo dunida ku saarnaa ee" Beagle ". saynisyahan ayaa helay warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay dunida oo dhan ee deegaanka sayniska, iyo sidoo kale dadka caadiga ah.

Intaa waxaa dheer Charles sameeyay yeedhid iyo ujeedada nolosha - Darwin ma aanan arkin nolol aan sayniska.

hawlaha sayniska

The safar shan sano Darwin koray sida cilmiga ah. Biography ayaa sheegay in ka dib markii ay dhamaystirka, Charles dhaqaaqay Cambridge. Laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan u soo guurtay London, halkaas oo uu ka soo galo bulshada ee saynisyahano, taas oo inta badan ka hadlaya in shanta sano ee soo socota.

Xilligan waxa ay astaan u ah nolosha buuqa Charles, hawlaha wax soo saar leh - waxay ku qoran shuqullada asaasiga ah, fuliyay saacado badan oo dood kulul. Waayo, jacaylka raacdada ugu hagar caddaynta fikirrada iyo fikradaha cilmi dooran xoghayaha ugu weyn ee bulshada reer Haseyeeshee.

Damacsanaayeen isbedelka

Ku noolaanshaha magaalada weyn, cadaadis iyo aad u badan oo ku saabsan cilmiga. jidhka waa ka xun si ay ula qabsadaan cudurada weerarka.

In 1839 wuxuu guursaday Emma Vedzhvud oo durba 1842. dhaqaaqay xaafadda helay "Dawn."

Ka dibna, naagtii ku siin doonaa dhalashada ilaa tobankii carruur Darwin.

Marka laga soo tago hawlaha magaalada, Charles qudhiisu sooco, ayaa laga yaabaa in ay hiwaayadaha uu - fardaha, kalluumaysiga, ugaarsiga, dabeecadda daawashada,

dhaxalka iyo dakhliga ka soo buugaag ku qoran adag u ogolaan in si indho la'aan ah u geliyey wax jecel.

In 1842., waxaa la qoray by shaqada Darwin ee "safarka cilmi barasho xayawaan ah oo ku saabsan" Beagle ".

Kacaanka waqtiga buugga "The Origin of Species by Means of Selection Dabiiciga ah" waxaa la daabacay 1859.

Doodaha ka dhanka ah qoraaga diiddan opinion aqbalay bulshada, xoojinay by qoraallada Kitaabka Quduuska ah oo ku saabsan sida dunidana waxaa laga abuuray. Dacwadaha ku tilmaamay si faahfaahsan sababta waa in aad fekero suuragalnimada in malaayiin sano ee horumarinta madax banaan ee dabiiciga ah - dhirta, xayawaanka, aadanuhu. Ka dibna, aragtida ah ayaa loo magacaabay ka dib markii sahaminta - ". Darwinism"

Fikradda ayaa waxaa ay taageerayaan si taxadar helay in koorsada of indhaynta muddo-dheer ah waxyaabaha la. "Darwinism" noqday aad loo jecel yahay iyo, inkastoo fadeexadii, keenay a saynisyahan faa'iido wanaagsan.

shuqulladooda iyo adeegyada dheeraad ah

In 1862 wuxuu daabacay buug "pollination of orchids", ka dibna - "scrambles dhirta" iyo "dhirta Carnivorous".

In 1868 - in la sii wado "The Origin of Species ..." - ". Change of xayawaanka guri iyo dhirta kaymo"

In 1871, dunida arkay buugga "haybta ee Man iyo xulashada galmada".

Oo 1872 - "Muujinta kacyo ee Man iyo Xayawaanka," taas oo saynisyahano baari asalka ah ee nin ka awowayaashiin apelike.

Dabcan, iyagu ma ay leeyihiin dadka sida, laakiin waxa ay u ogolaan doonaan saynisyahano si ay u helaan dhowr abaalgudyada la qaderiyo, iyaga ka mid ah - Kopleevskaya bilad dahab ah ka soo jeeda bulshada Royal ah.

In sano ee ku xiga, waxaa looga dhigay Doctor sharaf of Science Breslau, Bonn, University Leiden, iyo sidoo kale xubin ka mid ah oo u dhiganta ee St. Petersburg Academy ah.

Waa in la ogaadaa in Ruush Orthodox Church ee ma cabasho ku saabsan ku shuqullada cilmiga iyo adag isku dayeen in ay blacken. On difaaca Waxaan u lahaa in ay u istaagaan wakiilo badan oo ka mid intelligentsia ah. Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy si firfircoon difaacay waxa uu rumeysan yahay saynisyahan a. Biography Oo Xaqiijiyay In xogta kuwan.

xusuusta

saynisyahan caan ah ayaa ka tagay dunida ka mid ah sagaal iyo April 1882 our at da'da saddex iyo toddobaatan sannadood.

In kasta oo warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay dunida oo dhan, adigaa ah adkaade falsane isaga soo xusuusan doonaa sida nin ka mid ah kuwa is-hoosaysiiya, saaxiibtinimo, qadarin. Darwin, kuwaas oo Biography waxaa soo bartay oo dhan jaamacadaha casri ah oo waxaa lagu aasay Westminster Abbey, meel u dhow Isaaka Nyutona.

gunaanad

Charlz helay Ashley Cole ka mid ah aqoonyahaniinta ugu caansan ee waqtiga oo dhan u noqday. Shuqulkiisa, caddaynaya asalka ah ee wax ka awoowe caadi ah oo ku nool waa aasaaska casriga ah Avv evolutionary, bayoolaji, iyo genetics.

Agaasimaha Jon Amiel ayaa laga duubay buugiisa gaaban Darwin - filim 2009-kii, "The Origin of Species."

Aqoonsan yahay mid ka mid ah Ingiriiska ugu caansan ee waqtiga oo dhan.