Saxiixa falka ee is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah Germany. Taariikhda dagaalkii labaad ee dunida

May 9, 1945 - taariikhdan waa la yaqaan inay dadka deggan kasta oo Russia ah oo casri ah iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore sida maalinta Victory ee Great badan fashiistanimo. Nasiib darro, xaqiiqooyinka taariikheed ee ma aha had iyo jeer aan shaki, tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa taariikhyahanadu qaar ka mid ah Western Europe si ay u xumeeyaan dhacdooyinka. saxiixa falka ee is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah Germany yar dhacay si ka duwan aynu wada ognahay ka buugaagta taariikhda, laakiin ma beddelo sawirka ka mid ah horumarka iyo natiijada dagaalka lagu hoobtay.

weerar

Ciidamada Red ee xilliga qaboobaha of 43-44 sano eryay Jarmalka soohdinta on Lugbuur oo dhan. Dagaallo culus ayaa daallan ciidamada cadowga, laakiin sidoo kale la abuuro dhibaatooyin ah ee askarta Soviet. Liberation of Karelia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, ka dhacay koorsada of 1944, Army Red gaadhay soohdimaha dalka gardarooday. saxiixa falka ee is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah Germany weli waa inuu yimaado, kiiloomitir daallan of March ee ciidamada u baahan yihiin in ay isku urursadaan waayo, dagaalka final. Qaadashada Berlin ayaa noqday arrin sharafta dalkeena, oo arintan ku wajahan, iyo xulafadooda ah. January 1945 ahaa xaadirka ah ee loogu talagalay naasiga ah ma soo laabtay, dagaalka ayaa waxaa gabi ahaanba laga badiyay, laakiin waxaa la rogaal iyaga iska caabiyay oo ku taal duleedka Berlin. abuurista badan oo deyr leh, toobadda cutubyo ciidanka, foosha ee kala qaybsanaanta ku Front Eastern - Hitler qaadataa falalkan si ay u joojiyaan ciidamada Soviet. In qayb ka maamushaa inay dib u dhigto ka hor ku Berlin, waxaa dib loo dhigay ka February si ay u April 1945. Howlgalka ayaa waxaa si taxadar leh loo qorsheeyo oo loo diyaariyey, u Lugbuur horumarinta isu bahaysanaya oo dhan kaydka suurto gal ah iyo hub. Laga soo bilaabo 16 ilaa April 17, 1945 weerarkii lagu qaaday caasimadda ah ee Germany bilaabmaa by laba arrimood - horeysay Belarus (Marshal Zhukov Georgiy Konstantinovich) iyo Ukraine ugu horeysay (. Chapter Taliyaha Konev Ivan Stepanovich), labaad Belarus Front (Rokossovskiy Konstantin Konstantinovich) xilkooda deegaanka magaalada iyo ka hortagga isku dayaysa in ay jebiyaan. Sida haddii ay jiraan kuwo laga cabsado afartaas sano oo dagaal, dhaawaca kacay oo wuxuu galay hawlgalka ee Berlin, inkastoo ay iska caabin kulul naasiga ah, isagoo xaaqan xoojiyo, qof walba waa ogaa in tani ay tahay waddada guusha. Kaliya by duhurkii on May 2 45 sano ah caasimadda ah ee Reich Saddexaad galay dhamaystiran aamusnaanta dhacay, hadhaagii ciidankii dhiibay iyo calamada Soviet bedelay yiinta ku hadhaagii dhismayaasha baabbi'iyey.

xulafadooda

In xagaagii 1944 bilaabmaa salsalaaxdo hor ciidamada huwanta ah ee jihada galbeedka. Waxaa inta badan waxaa keena ciribtir aad u deg deg ah ee Army Cas ka badan dhererka oo dhan hore bari. degtey ee degtey Norman ah, qarax istiraatiiji ah oo ka mid ah meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee warshadaha ee Reich Saddexaad, hawlaha military ee dalka reer Belgium, France iyo Germany, si weyn u adkeeyay xaaladda Nazi Germany. Shaqo aagga Ruhr ah, oo koonfur ka Austria waxaa loo oggolaaday inuu horay u qabteen ee gardarooday. Kulanka ayaa halyeeyga Ciidamada Soviet iyo kuwa huwantu ku River Elbe ee April '45 dhab ah talaabada ugu danbeysay ee dagaalka. raafadiyay ee Nazi Germany, waxa uu noqonayaa mid wax ku xiran waqtiga, gaar ahaan, sababtoo ah qaar ka mid ah waxaa ka mid ah ayaa hore u bilaabeen qaar ka mid ah ciidammadii reer Wehrmacht ah. Laga soo bilaabo barta siyaasadeed of view, qabashada Berlin ayaa waxaa loo baahan yahay sokeeye si la mid ah sida Midowga Soofiyeeti, waxa uu si joogta ah sheegaye Eisenhower. haysta ee weerar this aragti ahaan macquul ah meelaha ugu xiran of, Ingiriiska Mareykanka iyo Kanada. ah Ardennes guuleysan counter-weerar ka dib, ciidamada Jarmal Socda on dhowaad dhammaan Lugbuur oo aan dagaal kulul, isku dayayaan in ay ku tuuraan xiriir dagaal-awood bari. Hitler dhab dhabarka u jeediyay Sokeeyaha USSR ah, dadaalka oo dhan by diraya soo baxay si ay u joojiyaan Army Cas. hore labaad lagu dhaqaaqin aad u tartiib ah, amarka isbahaysiga xeryahooda ah ma doonayaan in khasaare culus askari oo ka dhex inta lagu guda jiro weerar on si fiican u deyrka Berlin iyo agagaarkeedii.

Jarmalka

Hitler sugayay ilaa dhamaadka kala ee isbahaysiga iyo isbedelada safka hore. Waxa uu ahaa kalsooni ku qaba in kulanka keeni doontaa in dagaal cusub oo ka dhan ah Allied USSR. Marka uu fileynay ma la kulmay, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu nabad kula jooga Maraykanka iyo Great Britain, kaas oo ku siin lahaa fursad ay ku xirto hore labaad ka dhigi. Wadahadalada ayaa la fashiliyay ay sabab u tahay waqtigii helay sida ay sirdoonka Soviet. Dhab ahaantii Tani aad bay u dadajinaya hore ee Army Cas iyo hortagi suurtagalnimada ee Gaba nabad ah oo kala duwan. Xulafadooda lahaa quwad leh ku adkaysanayaan on waafaqsan dhamaan heshiisyada Yalta, taas oo loogu tala galay saxiixa falka ee is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah Germany. "Pass" Berlin, Hitler diyaar u ahayd inay ciidamada Anglo-American in ay sidaa sameeyaan ma uusan guulaysan sababtoo ah amarka Soviet. Weerar iyo duufaan caasimadda ah ee Reich Saddexaad bilaabay ciidamada our maamuuso. Naasiga fanatically difaacay, lahaa meel u Dumayn, habab iyo ilaa magaaladii deyrka lahayd noqday meelaha awood badan.

Shirka Yalta The

weerar aad u ballaaran ku hor bariga iyo galbeedka wuxuu si cad u naasiga ah in ay leeyihiin meel u dhow raafadiyay guud ee Germany. 1945 (bilowgiisii) Hitler uma uu dayn fursad uu ku guuleysto iyo suurtagalnimada dagaalka mudada dheer ee labada jiho. The isbahaysiga anti-Hitler fahamsan yahay muhiimadda ay leedahay in la xal nabad ah ku heshiiyeen in ay isbadal dhul iyo siyaasadeed ee la xoreeyay Europe. The wakiillo ka socda heerka ugu sareeya ee ka mid ah saddexda awoodood huwanta ee February 1945 urursataan Yalta. Stalin, Roosevelt iyo Churchill si loo ogaado mustaqbalka ma aha oo kaliya ee Germany, Poland, Italy iyo France, waxay ku abuureen qalab cusub bipolar Yurub in lagu arkay in ka badan 40 sano ee soo socda. Dabcan, in xaaladahan, midkoodna dal ma u yeerin ayaa laga yaabaa marka la eego ay, sidaas darteed natiijooyinka shirka taariikhiga ah qayb ahaan ku qanacsanaa shuruudaha madaxda. Laakiin arrinta ugu weyn ee ahaa burburinta fashiistaha iyo waddaniyadda, khatarta ah ee gumaysiga sida loo aqoonsaday by qaybgalayaasha oo dhan.

document Diyaarinta

saxiixa falka ee is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah Germany ahaa 1945, laakiin xitaa 1943 qabyo ah oo dukumeentigaan ah ayaa lagu heshiiyey oo dhan dal oo ka mid ah isbahaysiga la dagaalanka burcad-Hitler by. bilaabaha ee ay abuurka ahaa ee Roosevelt, document laftiisa ayaa la soo ururiyey iyadoo ay kaalmo ka mid ah guddiga la-talin oo ka kooban khubaro Yurub. text ee qabyada ahayd arrin ballaaran oo lahaa talinta dheeraad ah ee dabiiciga ah, sidaa darteed dhab ahaantii lagu raafadiyay Jarmalka la saxiixay ka dib markii diyaarinta dokumenti oo gebi ahaanba kala duwan. Saraakiisha Maraykanka in ay horumarka ka yimid, dhinaca Gaarna waaqiciga ciidamada. The lix dhibcood ee dokumentiga ku jira shuruudaha gaarka ah, taariikhaha gaar ah iyo nidaamka ay dhacdo xadgudub ku ah qodobka kasta, kuwaas oo ku yiil taariikhi ah.

dhiibin qayb

Dhowr cutub military badan oo Wehrmacht u dhiibay ciidamada huwanta oo ka hor heshiiska la saxiixay on fashiistaha dhiibin buuxa. kooxo Jarmal iyo ciidammadoodii oo isku dayay in uu ugu gudbo xagga galbeed, in aan la dagaallanno reer Ruush ah. Waxay amarkii ahaa inay ogaadaan in dagaalka ay ka badan tahay, iyo hoy ay ka heli karaan, kaliya Muslim ah maxaabiis ahaan Maraykanka iyo Ingiriiska. Gaar ahaan kooxda ciidamada SS, waxay caan ku tahay xasuuqii ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, ka Ruush ah si degdeg ah horumarinta carareen. Kiiska hore ee is dhiibin waxaa laga soo qoray April 29, 1945 in Italy. Ciidamada Soviet on May 2nd dhiibay ciidankii reer Berlin, ciidamada badda ee Germany ee May 4 ee Denmark, Netherlands dhiibay Ingiriiska, 5 May, Group Army "G" dhiibay, inta aan la gaadhin Americans ka Austria.

Qoraalka waxa ugu horeeya

May 8, 1945 - taariikhda this in Europe waxaa loo arkaa inay Maalinta Victory badan Farta. Waxay ahayd mid aan doortay by fursad, in wakiilo xaqiiqda ah ee xukuumadda cusub ee Germany u saxiixay dhiibay on May 7, kana gala dhaqan gelayaa dokumentiga waxaan ku jiray maalinta xigta. Friedeburg Admiral oo qayb ka ah wafdiga Jarmal yimid ee Rhine, kaas oo ku salaysan waxaa xarunta Eisenhower soo jeediyay raafadiyay May 5, 1945. Naasiga waxay bilaabeen inay u gorgortamaan la xulufadiisu ay ka yar shuruudaha dukumintiga, isku dayayaan in ay soo iibsadaan waqti iyo in ay keenaan Ciidamo badan oo dadka rayidka ah ee line galbeedka hore, halka marna anoo joojinaya inaan isku dayo sidii looga hortagi lahaa ciidanka Soviet jihada bari. Eisenhower si buuxda u diiday oo dhan oo ka mid ah doodaha Jarmalka, iyagoo ku adkaysanaya inay is dhiibin buuxda oo aan shuruud lahayn ee Germany iyo saxiixa dokumentiga dhammaan dhinacyada colaadda. May 6 at Rhine ayaa la sababa wakiillo ka dhan ciidamada huwanta. In buugaagta taariikhda Soviet ma muujinayso kuwaas oo saxiixay xeerka of raafadiyay ee Germany ee muuqashadii ugu horeysay, laakiin magacyada dadka ka Midowga Soofiyeeti ka badbaaday - General Susloparov, ka ciidamada xulafada la xoojiyey - General Smith, ka Germany - General Jodl, Admiral Friedeburg.

Stalin

Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov xubin ka ahaa howlgalka Soviet xarunta of sokeeye ah, sidaas darteed ka hor inta aadan gelin saxiixaaga on dokumenti taariikhi ah, maray macluumaadka si Moscow. Jawaabta goor dambe u yimid, laakiin kaalinta afaraad loogu tala galay suurtagalnimada ee beddelidda version asalka ah, iyo this qaaday Stalin. Waxa uu ku adkeystay on shahaadada dib-u-soo wareegtay, sida doodo si ay sababahan soo socda la siiyey:

1. Naasiga ka dib saxiixa dhiibin sii hawlgallada daafaca firfircoon military on hore bari.
2. Waxa uu ku lifaaqan muhiimadda ugu weyn ee Stalin iyo meesha lagu raafadiyay Jarmalka la saxiixay. Si taas loo gaaro, in uu ra'yi, waxaa habboon yahay oo keliya caasimadda ah ee gobolka adkaaday.
3. Susloparov awood kuma laha inay la soo wareegto dokumentigan.

Xulafada la fekerkiisa ku heshiiyeen, oo dhan ka badan si dhab ahaantii waxa ay ahayd soo noq-a-hoosaadkiisa, kaas oo aysan waxba ka beddelin nuxurka.

raafadiyay ee Germany

Taariikhda ansixinta heshiiska hore la dhigay, waayo, May 8, 1945. In 22 saacadood 43 daqiiqo ee waqtiga on habka Yurub saxiixa dhiibin la dhameeyey ee Moscow hore u jiray maalinta xigta. Taasi waa sababta subaxdii of 9 May gayiga USSR ah ayaa lagu dhawaaqay dhamaadkii dagaal iyo guuldaradii dhamaystiran oo Nazi Germany. Dhab ahaantii, dokumentiga la saxiixay oo aan isbedel la taaban karo ka amarka Soviet u saxiixay Marshal Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich, by ciidamada huwanta - Marshal Arthur Tedder, ka Germany - Taliyaha ugu sarreeya Wehrmacht ah Wilhelm Keitel, Colonel-General Stumpf Luftwaffe, Navy Adm Friedeburg. Sida markhaatiyaal ahaayeen General Lattre de Tassigny (France), General Spaatz (USA).

colaadaha

kooxo badan oo faashistihii garan waayeen raafadiyay iyo sii waday in ay iska caabin ciidamada Soviet (dalka reer Austria iyo Czechoslovakia), ayaa rajeynaya in ay jebiyaan oo galbeed iyo is dhiibaan si Xulafada. isku day noocan oo kale ah ayaa la joojiyay by burburinta ciidamada cadowga, sidaas oo kale ayaa jiraan hawlgallada mileteri ee dhabta ah ayaa lagu fuliyay on Front Eastern ilaa May 19, 1945. Ku dhowaad 1.5 milyan oo askari oo Jarmal iyo 100 Guud dhiibay ciidamada Soviet ka dib 8-dii May ka. Number of shil hal ahaa weyn, ciidamada cadowga kala firdhiyey inta badan iska caabiyay ciidamada, si liiska kuwa lagu dilay dagaalkan laga cabsado aan ku xaddidnayn taariikhda 9 May. gabagabeeyo nabadeed u dhaxeeya dhinacyada ugu waaweyn ee colaadda ayaa dhacay waqtiga saxiixa ah "raafadiyay ee Germany." Taariikhda A in la joojiyo iska hor imaad ciidamada gelin doonaa, iman doonaa oo kaliya in June 1945. Waagaas, Qorshaha waxaa la samayn doonaa oo saxiixday dukumeentiga, kaas oo ku salaysan mabda'a gacanta dalka post-dagaal.

guul

Levitan dhawaaqay dhammaadkii dagaalkii weyn Patriotic, May 9, 1945. Maanta waa dabaal ah guusha dadka Soviet caalamiga ah ee Nazi Germany. Ka dibna, iyo hadda ma ahan waxa tirada waxaa la saxiixay raafadiyay ah, 7 ama 8, waxa ugu muhiimsan waa xaqiiqda ah ee saxeexaya dukumentigan ku. Oo quruumo badan baa soo gaaray dagaalka this, laakiin Ruush had iyo jeer waxay noqon doontaa faani xaqiiqada ah in ay jiraan kuwo jaban oo ay dalka xoreeyay iyo Europe. Guushaan ayaa adag ahayd, kharash malaayiin badan oo nolosha, iyo waajib ku ah nin kasta oo casri ah - si looga hortago soo noq ee masiibo noocan oo kale ah. saxiixa falka ee is dhiibin shuruud la'aan ah Germany ka dhacay labo jeer, laakiin muhiimadda uu qoraalkani waa mid gaar ah.