Lustration - waa maxay? Sharciga lustration. Lustration ee Ukraine

Isbedelka xukuumadaha dawladda waxaa inta badan la socda bixinta iyo geedi socodka la xiriira garsoorka iyo accusatory. Ereyga "lustration" ma ahan wax cusub. Word xitaa ogeyn ugu unenlightened. Laakiin waa maxay lustration, waxaa weli ma cadda, waayo, qof kasta.

Taariikhda dhacdo nidaamka Lustration

Sidaas daraaddeed, in qadiimiga Rome iyo Greece qadiimiga ah waxaa jiray dhaqan ah daahirintiisa aawadeed. Dhaqankii lagu daweeyo carruurta yaryar oo daahirinta by allabarigii bixinayay ilaahyadii. In xaaladaha casriga ah, ka yaabban: "Lustration - taasi waa," waxaan ka hadli karnaa habka a isdaahirinta ee dhammaan heerarka dawladda ka nooc gaar ah oo ka tirsan.

Inta badan lustration khuseysaa dhammaan saraakiisha sar sare ee dawladda, iyo sidoo kale dhammaan wakiillada sharciga iyo kala dambeynta iyo amniga qaranka. Wasiirrada, wakiillo ka socda fulinta iyo sharci-dejinta maamulka, ciidamada ammaanka, garsoorayaasha iyo booliska - waa liis aan dhamaystirnayn oo shaqaalaha rayidka ah in la ixtiraamo oo ay isticmaalaan fikradda ah "lustration".

Maxaad isticmaali lustration

Fikrada ah habka mar walba waa cusub, waxaa iman doona inta lagu guda jiro kacdoonkii qaar ka mid ah (ama afgambi) dawladda. Waxay ku jahaaday Jidka kasta si ay u muujiyaan aan eed lahayn in ay wax walba oo ka dhacaya dalka oo iyaga hor socota. Inta badan dadka wadanka u xanuunsadaa ah "mudnaanta" oo dhan oo ka mid ah taliyayaasha hore ee cusub. Oo waxaa uusan kordhin daacadnimada dadka si xukuumadda cusub, laakiin halkii yhay geeddi socodka ah guurka hore u adag.

Sidaa darteed, xukuumadda cusub maray sharci on lustration, kaas oo ku qeexan yihiin xaaladaha ka yar taas oo madaxda laga yaabaa in xafiiska. All kuwa qaab ama mid kale oo ku lug leh ku xadgudubka xuquuqda aadanaha, dulmigii uu dadka, been ka mid ah xaqiiqooyinka siyaasadeed oo taariikhi ah, iyo E. sidaas on., Ha u ogolaan in meydadka gacanta ku dhigay ilaa by nidaam cusub.

Lustration - waa ka horreeyay aargoosiga

Lustration - waa maxay? ka horreeyay aargoosi. Taasi waa sida qaar ka mid ah cilmiga siyaasadda Yurub iyo Maraykanka, iyo taariikhyahanadu qiyaaso geedi socodka this. Waxaa markasta suurtagal ma aha in la caddeeyo eed guuleeysteen rasmiga ah ee dembiyada la xiriira xuquuqda aadanaha iyo xorriyaadka. gudbin waqtigii "signal" Inta ku filan oo ay komishanka, kaas oo ka hadlaya arrintan, iyo saraakiil ka jirto dhibaatooyin fara badan.

Iyada oo denunciation socodka jeeda ulo iyo Czech, kaas oo ka tirsan lustration sameeyay ka dib markii dayrta ee xisbiga communist. Tirada dalabyada ka muwaadiniinta magacyada lagu eedeeyey inay lug ku xadgudubyada xuquuqda aadanaha ee dalalkaas ayaa gaadhay qiyaasta sida in marxladda koowaad ah - marka la helo signal ah - ay hore u kala soocaa saddex qaybood. Saraakiisha dayrta marka hore kuwaas xadgudubka waxaa lagu tijaabiyey, oo waxba ma ay u baahan tahay xaqiijinta; kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - kuwa dembiyadii aan la xaqiijiyay, laakiin waxay qarinaayay xaqiiqda ah ee uu la kaashanaya maamulka ammaanka. Iyo koox saddexaad soo baxay dadka dambiyada lean waxay ahayd ku dhowaad aan macquul aheyn sababo la xiriira xadeynta gudashada xilkooda. Inta badan marka loo eego, kuwaas oo ka tirsan yar inaan la xukumin, laakiin category oo intaasu waxay ahayd ugu weyn.

Mabaadi'da asaasiga ah ee lustration

Sida hore u soo sheegnay, lustration - qeexidda saraakiisha heerar kala duwan oo magacyadooda, oo waxaa ka mamnuuc ah in ay ka shaqeeyaan maamulka dadweynaha. habka ugu badan ku jiray Bariga Yurub ka dib markii la afgembiyey taliskii communist. Inkastoo ay kala duwan ee hababka lagu aqoonsanayo qasaya xuquuqda aadanaha ee dalal kala duwan, waxa ay weli ahayd mabaadi'da la mid ah oo ay qabtaan lustration ah.

First, Mareykanka oo dhan ayaa cambaareeyay hawlaha taliskii communist, maamulka dardaaran ee dalka iyo la isticmaalayo warbaahinta in ay cadaadis on dadka. Marka labaad, muddadaas waqti dhan taliskii communist waxaa lagu qeexaa sida dambiile ah. Taasi waa digtoonyey yar horumarinta xaaladda -. Waa 1948-1990 sano. Mar saddexaad, in tiro ka mid ah dalalka inay xaddido helitaanka saraakiisha hore ee jagooyinka maamulka ma aha oo kaliya dowladda iyo ku dhaqanka sharciga, laakiin sidoo kale goobaha waxbarashada iyo ururada diinta saameeyeen.

Dhamaan fikradaha kale ee ku saabsan waxa lustration awoodda, wuxuu lahaa sifooyin qaranka. The geedi socodka lustration dheer iyo loudest la kulantay Czech Republic iyo Poland.

Lustration in Czech Republic

Kala of Czechoslovakia laba goboleedyada iyo markii la afgembiyey taliskii communist keentay in xaqiiqda ah in Czech Republic ayaa dhaqan u nadiifisaa si caddaalad ah adag oo qoto dheer oo ka tirsan. Sidaas lustration - in ay ahayd in la fuliyo?

Tan iyo 1991, Golaha Federaalka ee Jamhuuriyadda Czech ku qaaday tiro ka mid ah sharciyada decommunisation. Gaar ahaan, mid ka mid ah - "On sharci ee taliskii communist" - go'aansaday in mas'uuliyada wax walba oo dhacay mudada Subxigu in Czechoslovakia, been on xisbiga shuuciga iyo hoggaanka. Waxa lagu eedeeyay oo keliya ma aha ee maamulka dhaqaalaha dalka iyo dardaaran siyaasadaha ee hantiwadaagga, laakiin dhab ahaan basaasnimo ballaaran oo midba midka kale.

"Debecsanaanta" lustration mass ee Czech Republic

Sidaas darteed of xaqiijinta tallaabo lagu sameeyay in ka badan 140 000 oo qof - .. Saraakiisha of saf ah oo dhan, xaakinnadii, rectors jaamacadaha, agaasimayaasha machadyada cilmi-baarista, iwm Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan signal a in mid ka mid ah ama sarkaal kale, uu si deg deg ah meesha ka saaray ka shaqooyinkooda (haddii ay ahayd shaqo ee dawladda) iyo guddi ad hoc in la bilaabo dib u eegista loo eego qofka in. Sida laga soo xigtay si ay u dhisan, jeegga waa in aan ka badnayn laba bilood ah lahaa in la fuliyaa, laakiin inta badan dib u ah muddo lix bilood ama ka badan.

Haddii Guddiga ahaa si ay u caddeeyaan dambigu qofka, ama ugu yaraan arbushin ilaa xaqiiqooyin ku saabsan iskaashiga u suurtoobaan ciidamada ammaanka ay awood, uu u diiday, waxaa macquul ah in ay qabtaan xilal taasoo keentay in dhammaan dhismayaasha dawladda muddo 5 sano ah. Waa geedi socodka sida "cadaab" Czech lustration iyo waxaa loo yaqaan jilicsan.

Si Xun u habka lustration ah

Inkastoo daahfurnaanta ah hababka oo dhan, kaas oo xukuumadda cusub inay 1996. doondoonay The jagooyinka keentay for dhan kagama ma ku filan. Sidaa darteed, xataa wakiillo ka xukuumad dimuqraadi cusub, wuxuu bilaabay inuu aflagaadeeyay habka lustration in ay uga takhalusi lahaayeen horjeeda siyaasadda.

Waxaa helay xitaa Vatslavu Gavelu, kaasoo ahaa kii ugu horeeyay Madaxweynaha Jamhuuriyadda Czech Republic iyo ciyaaray kaliya ka danbeeya gacanta de-communization iyo xoogga. In ka archives of Security Gobolka helay file a isaga, taas oo, ka dib markii wada hadal kale la wakiil ah masuuliyiinta Havel tilmaamay "musharax ay suurtogal tahay iskaashi."

Horeba 1996, si ay u bartaan files ay, haddii ay jiraan, ee kaydka, qof walba Czech waayeen. Laakiin tan iyo waxaa jiray tiro ka mid ah "Aayaadka fadeexad", iyo dadka naqdiya lustration ayaa sii kordheysa noqoto farta reer xamarku ee habkan, cadaadiska qaar on siidaynta macluumaadka ku saabsan saxafiyiinta, aqoonyahanno iyo macallimiin jaamacadda ayaa la soo bandhigay.

Lustration ee Poland

Polish "Solidarity" dhaqdhaqaaqa qaaday burhaantiisa awoodda gacmaha of Communists ah. Waxa ay u muuqatay mid aad si nabad iyo sharci ah. Dawladda cusub ayaa ballan qaaday lama taabtaan ah oo ka mid ah xubno ka mid ah xisbiga shuuciga iyo ammaanka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wakiillo xag maskax ah "Solidarity" in ay baaris si ay u helaan ugu badnaan in ay dowladda soo jeediyay inay soo bandhigto Cadaab for iskaashi la taliskii communist qaab xabsi.

jeedinta Intaasu waa intii laga aqbalin, laakiin socodka denunciations asxaabteena uu ahaa sidaas u weyn in hawsha la macno xaaqan dalka. Sidaas darteed, Sejm Polish la ansixiyay sharci on lustration, taas oo goobada ah saraakiisha ku koobnayn oo kaliya by wasiirada, saraakiisha sare, ku xigeenadiisa iyo xaakinno. Isla mar ahaantaana, ku simaha on jagada hoggaanka ah, qabtay rasmi ah ayaa si cad u toobad iyo dembidhaaf, waayo, dadka ka shaqeeya taliskii communist. Markii hore, taasi oo ku saabsan.

gaadhista weyn ee saraakiisha cusub

By 2007, Poland xaaqan dhowr fadeexado waaweyn. Ka dib bixinta waraaqaha archive tegey Ra'iisul wasaare ku xigeenka Yanushu Tomashevskomu, dagaalka halyeeyga xuquuqda aadanaha Lech Walesa, Aleksandru Kvasnevskomu (Madaxweynaha toddobaad ee Poland) iyo siyaasiyiin badan oo kale oo si fiican u yaqaan Polish iyo dadka caanka ah.

In 2006, Sejm Polish la ansixiyay beddelka sharciga lustration ah, sida laga soo xigtay oo kordhiyay kala duwan ee dadka, kuwaas oo hawlo inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada xisbiga shuuciga ahaa ku xiran dadweynaha. Suxufiyiinta, aqoonyahanno iyo macalimiinta jaamacadaha, agaasimayaasha dugsiyada iyo saraakiil kale oo yar yar ayaa sidoo kale in ay soo gudbiyaan lagu dhawaaqo lustration marka aad codsanaysid shaqo ama mari jeeg ay dhacdo in mar carruur ah beddelka waxay mar hore qabsadeen boostada. Mar denunciations socodka ayaa koray si aan horay loo arag Joogaba, si Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah u lahaa in ay Poland sanadkii 2007 in la aqoonsado qaar ka mid ah beddelka waa kuwan, sharci-darro ah.

fadeexad la soo dhaafay, la siiyo jawaabta su'aasha ah "lustration - in ay" ka qarxay sanadkii 2007 in madaxda sare ee Church Catholic ah. Uu post ee Metropolitan ee Warsaw ayaa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago Stanisław Wielgus, oo qarinaayay inta lagu guda jiro waraysiga ee Vatican ay iskaashi la meydadka Polish gobolka ammaanka 70s ka.

Lustration waa in lagu daro dhammaan meelaha nolosha aadanaha, laakiin Gudigga iyo xaaladaha nololeed ee dadka ay tahay in la tixgeliyo.

Lustration bannaan ee post-Soviet

Jamhuuriyadda hore ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, xorriyadda helin sanadkii 1991, waxa uu sidoo kale si joogta ah ayaa sheegay in lustration ah, taas oo qiimaha waa kan ugu overrated, waxaa loo baahan yahay.

In Russia iyo Ukraine ayaa dhowr jeer isku dayay in la bilaabo lustration ah, laakiin biilka lama aan qaatay. In Russia, heerka aan la soo saarin oo qayb ka ah dayactirka cadaadiyo taliskii keligii sharciga, sida ay sheegtay oo dhan u xaakinnadoodii, iyo saraakiishoodii ku lug leh cadaadiska, ayaa maxkamadda hor keenay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, faafinta gaar ah dhaqanka this aan la helin, iyo dhammaan isku dayadii ku xiga ee maamulka lustration ma taageero ma helaan.

In Georgia, Calaamooyinka shuuciga iyo Nazi ayaa la mamnuucay inta lagu jiro lustration. Waayo, jagooyinka muhiim ah looma oggola xubnaha shaqaalaha hore ee hay'adaha ammaanka iyo hawlwadeennada xisbiga shuuciga ah.

Lustration ee dalka Mareykanka Östersjön

lustration ugu weyn resonance gaadhay dalalka Baltiga. In Estonia, tusaale ahaan, sharciga ogol yahay xeer dadka ku lug leh cadaadis mass inta lagu guda jiro Itobiya communist. Latvia iyo Lithuania waa fikrad kale oo daacad u ah ee la soo dhaafay ee dadka ay, laakiin halkan sharciyada khuseeya xanibo in la galo awood og gacan saar la leeyihiin ciidamada ammaanka ee Midowga Soofiyeeti ee. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida Yurub, ay doonaya in ay ka aarsadaan cadaawayaashooda uu shakhsi - weedha ah "partnership miyir qabo" waa mid aad u dhamaystiran, iyo qof sidaas daraaddeed eedeeyay uusan wax kharash ah.

Ukraine iyo halganka Zinada ee maamulka

"Lustration in Ukraine waa in la sameeyaa si dhakhso ah!" Waxaa la dhigyo sida uu ahaa waa dibad uusan kacaanka ugu horeysay. First si dhab ah bilaabay hadalka ku saabsan lustration ka dib "Orange Revolution" ee 2004.

Markaas, in Rada Verkhovna la diiwaan isla markiiba 2 biilka on lustration. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah, lustration Waa in la fuliyo marka la eego kuwa ku lugta leh maamulka gobolka, marka laga reebo Madaxweynaha iyo Hawlwadeennada maamulka. In biilka kale, koobna qof kasta oo si toos ah ama si dadban iskaashi la yeesho KGB ee USSR.

diyaar bulshada Yukreeniyaan ku cafiyo

Midkoodna markaas toona hadda biilka lama aan qaatay. Sida laga soo xigtay khubaro (sociologists, saynisyahano siyaasadeed, iyo P. sidaas on.), Lustration ee Ukraine waa wax aan macquul aheyn, t. Si aad. Bulshada ayaa sidoo kale waa doonayo aargoosi iyo lagama yaabo in uu noqdo mid run ah marka la eego wax iyo saraakiisha oo dhan.

Shuruudaha for the u dhaqdhaqaaqa "Dowladda ku meel gaarka ah" ee Mu'asasada Islaamiga ah ee 2014, gaar ahaan, dhigayaa shuruudaha musharixiinta waa: eed lahayn maamulka, tan iyo sanadkii 2010, waayo-aragnimo wax ku ool ah oo ugu yaraan 5 sano oo jagooyinka sare ee t h iyo in dowladda ..; Innocence in 100 qof ee ugu taajirsan Ukraine , iyo wixii la mid ah. n.

Sida of April 9, 2014 Verkhovna Rada ee Ukraine ayaa hore u diiwaan gashan 4 biilka, ku lug leh nadiifinta ee dhammaan heerarka dawladda Ukraine - waa habab sida garsoorayaasha lustration, shaqaalaha rayidka sare iyo, saraakiisha fulinta sharciga yar, iyo wixii la mid ah ..