SAU "Acacia". 2S3 howitzer Is-gano "Acacia": farsamada khaaska iyo sawiro

"Acacia" - 152 howitzer is-gano (GABTU index - shayga 303). Developed by koox ee samaynta of Machine-Building Ural gaadiidka Plant hoos imaanaya hoggaanka FF Petrova oo Sudee Efimova. SAU 2S3 "Acacia" waxaa loogu talagalay burburinta iyo xakamaynta of madaafiic iyo malaastiisa oo batariyo, shaqaale cadowgaaga, awood, taangiyada, gantaalo, hab xeeladaysan ee hubka nuclear, amarka iyo xarumaha ay gacanta iyo kuwa kale.

iskhilaafka dadka qarniyada

Ilaa bartamihii-demoqaraadiyad ah ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay in Ciidamada Soviet Army sii wadaan in ay u adeegaan sida a unug is-gano madaafiicda (SAU) ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, sida SU-100, ISU-152 iyo ISU-122. mashiinada Kuwani isu geeyo tayada kaxeynayo qori-howitzer la awoodaha lidka taangiyada. Waa miday this ay jecel yihiin dugsiga jir military khibrad dagaal oo lagu jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo isbedel ah ee qarniyada oo ka mid ah saraakiisha iyo Guud si tartiib ah sameeyay ra'yi cusub ee isticmaalka xeeladaha of madaafiic is-gano dagaal oo casri ah.

Gaar ahaan, ka taangiyada cadowga ugu weyn iyo gaadiidka kale ee gaashaaman ma aha gano caadi ah oo ay gacanta ku gantaal UXO (ATGMs). Marka tan la eego, khubaro militari oo u yimid in ay aaminsan yihiin in on gacanta ku hal, unugyada madaafiic is-gano ma takhasusay burburinta mashiino culus, iyo dhanka kale, taladadii cusub waa in aan la "gashan" in hubka qaro weyn, maxaa yeelay, ATGM xataa jebin laga yaabaa in iyada oo sturdiest iyaga ka mid ah . Intaas waxaa sii dheer, sida ay shuruudaha cusub, madaafiic is-gano waa in ay leeyihiin dhaqdhaqaaqa ugu badnaan, aviatransportabelnost iyo sabaynta kordhay. In si ay u la kulmaan kuwaas oo mashiinada shuruudaha, waa in ay ka tanaasulaan hubka culus iyo door bidaan ilaalinta xabada. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo meeleynta hubka, ka dibna dab si loo kordhiyo dabacsanaanta ay u baahan tahay in laga dhigo ma in bronerubke, iyo munaarad si xor ah qoqobada, kaas oo samayn doona toogashada wareeg adag. Intaa waxaa dheer in mid ka mid ah baahida ugu weyn ee military ee ahaa in la abuuro suurtagalnimada ee isticmaalaya hubka nukliyeerka updated taladadii.

prehistory

Bilowgii shaqada on taladadii "Acacia" ah waxaa ka hormarey mashruuca cilmi baarista weyn search engine, taas oo falanqayn isbarbardhigga nidaamyada madaafiic ayaa la soo saaray oo la abuuray intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Adduunka ee Labaad (sida SU-100, SU-152 iyo kuwa kale), iyo sidoo kale muddada-dagaal post - sida gunsmiths gudaha iyo dibadda. Sidaas darteed, in habka ururada cilmi-baarista iyo shirkadaha adag difaaca USSR ayaa soo jeediyay qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaansho kala duwan ee birta ah, kaas oo lagu taalaa lahaa 152 madfac mm. Sida laga soo xigtay mid ka mid ah howitzer is-gano ka mid ah ayaa ka shaqeeyey oo ku saleysan jiifku taangi diidan "118", "123" iyo "124" injineerada Sverdlovsk Engineering Plant. In mashruucan waxaa bixiyey meeshii madfac munaarad ku jiiday qoriga D-20.

In duwanaansho kale soo jeediyay taladadii "Acacia" abuuray oo ku saleysan kiniisadaha iyo habab taangiga dhexdhexaad ah T-64 ( "diidid 432"). Injineerada soo jeediyay in ay ka gashey wada meel madfac 152 mm ee munaarad ku gaashaaman la qoriga mashiinka coaxial. xal Tani waxa ay ahayd mid aad loo jecel, tan iyo T-64 ahaa taangiga ugu horeysay post-dagaal jiilka labaad. Waxaa fulin xalal badan oo cusub oo cusub, waxaa qoreysa jiifku asalka iyo preload automatic. Iyadoo mishiinka uu ahaa mid aad loo jecel yahay ee elaborations mashaariic rajo gaashaaman baabuurta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo-aragnimo cilmi madaafiic is-gano ah, iyo sidoo kale image elaborations rakibo waxaa ka doorteen horumarka muddada dheer ee fikirka ah qoryaha is-gano. Oo shaqo dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan abuurista taladadii "Acacia" waxaa lagu talinayaa in ay ka jiifku of Engineering Sverdlovsk ee Plant.

History of abuurka

Iyada oo ku saleysan oo dhan dhibaatooyin farsamo kor ku xusan, xal wadajir ah oo ka mid ah USSR iyo CPSU ku №609-201 ka 07.04.1967, Sverdlovsk Machine Engineering "Uraltransmash" ku soo saaray shuruudaha tixraaca la abuuro of taladadii 2S3 "Acacia". Wada jir ah ula 152mm samaynta geedka adag ayaa soo saartay dhowr ah oo kale oo is-gano madaafiicda nidaamka: 122mm howitzer "dhir caraf ah" iyo "Violet", iyo malaastiisa oo 240 mm "Tulip". Aasaas model cusub ee qoryaha is-baasuuke ayaa loogu tala galay in la baabi'iyo baaqday oo ka mid ah dalalka USSR NATO ee wajigan. "Acacia" waxaa loogu talagalay Hubaynta reer regiments ee lugta matoorada iyo kala qaybsanaanta gaashaaman. howitzer Tani waxay is-baasuukayaal ku Qaddarray for burburinta dadka da'da ah oo la furo shaqaale, qalab cadowga ee ciidan iyo hub, iyo waxyaabaha kale ee si qoto dheer ah qeybinta oo xiiso. nidaamka Gun ku salaysan yahay jiifku ka mid ah unugyada is-gano tijaabo "diidid 105" iyo "diidid 120", iyo sidoo kale SAM "Circle" ka.

Labada prototypes ugu horeysay la abuuray by dhamaadka 1968, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaladaad halis ah, gaar ahaan, waa qiiqa aad u xoog badan in munaarad conning ayaa la aqoonsaday inta lagu jiro imtixaanka. Sababtoo ah la'aanta this afar more baarka loo diiday by xagaaga ee sannadka soo socda. Ka dib markii hagaajinta nidaamka hawo ah, dhibaatadan loo xalliyay iyadoo ay sabab u taxanaha ugu horreeya ee qori isku-baasuukayaal, "Acacia" (photo, in this article, muujiyaan mashiinada kuwan) ayaa la sii daayay sanadkii 1970. Iyo in 1971 waxaa la rido adeegga. model waxaa soo saaray badelin ilaa 1975, ka dib markii ay ciidamada soo galay version ah la casriyeeyay ee taladadii "Acacia" hoostiisa 2S3M astaanta. Gaariga lala simay ayaa updated boeukladku durbaan iyo toban eedeeyay, sidaas hagaajinta heerka of koror ah rasaas ugu adag iyo transportable. Laba sano ka dib, qoriga is-gano maray casriyeynta kale (2S3M1). Haddaba 152 mm waxaa ku qalabaysan qalab howitzer talooyin is-gano, qaata, processing, iyo sidoo kale laga fekerayo xogta amarka iyo a hortiisa cusub SP-538. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay soo bandhigeen in projectiles ah rasaas saxo 3OF38 "Sentimitir" iyo gantaalaha hanuuniyey 3OF39 "Krasnopol". Last 2S3M2 casriyeeyey version ka horreeyay, waxay nidaamka madaafiic awood badan is khilaafeen. Sidoo kale, version this of rakibo waxaa lagu qalabeeyay qalabka priemoindikatornoy "operator Machine M" (1V514-1), wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u sameeyaan is-dhaafsiga xogta u dhexeeya mashiinka sarkaal batari sare iyo qalab, taasoo markii ugu of diyaarinta dhismaha in dab la furo. Guud ahaan, howitzer is-gano "Acacia" waxaa soo saaray ilaa 1993.

Description of mishiinka

unit Artillery sameeyey sida ay deckhouse munaaraddii nidaamka classical. adag ayaa gaashaaman jirka welded in waxa loo qaybiyaa saddex dhigan karo: control, military iyo xoog (motor-gudbinta). Laanta marka hore waxa uu ku yaalaa inta u dhaxaysa ee motor iyo derbi inay dekedda sanka ee jirka. Waxaa jira meel shaqo darawalka. waaxda Power waxa uu ku yaalaa xaq u horteeda. Waxaa uu leeyahay gudbinta, engine iyo nidaamka propulsion. At daran ee godka la dagaalanka qol. Qeybta hoose ee jidhka lagu meeleeyo boosteejo ah oo qoqobada la dhajinta on kubada-dabagalka, waxa ay ku tiirsan tahay shan kabaha. askari Goobta la dhigayaa on bidix ee qoriga, oo ku amraya - Midig. Taliyaha kursi ka danbeeya askari ah.

Hirgelinta jiifku ay is-gano ka duwan kuwii ka horreeyay ay melkozvenchatye isticmaalaya diir la caag Buur iyo rullaluistemadka hor-top.

"Acacia", 152 howitzer is-gano: gabal madaafiic

Cannon (2A33) loo sameeyay DB-9 ee is-gano this. Waayo, ku salaysan ee jiiday qori-howitzer D-20 waa la qaatay. Dhis noocooda ah waxaa loo sameeyey ee Plant Perm Engineering №172, iyo wax soo saarka mass - on "la xidhay" software. qoriga madaafiicda la iridda waslad toosan iyo xaafuun jejebiyey xakame ejector qaaday xiran munaarad gaashaaman Rotary dhajinta on dhalista goobaabin xoojiyay. Si loo fududeeyo habka howitzer loading ku qalabaysan qalab korontada ramming qolofka iyo safay of design asalka ah, iyo sidoo kale a saxaarad-catcher dhaliyay gacmo. On munaaradda saqafkeedii conning ku taladadii (photo kor ku xusan) waxaa looga tegey qudbad Taliyaha ayaa meesha Jaha darandoorriga la hago, si ay dhinac markab waxaa ku amraya dillaacaan. Dabka ayaa la fulin karaa meel, labadaba xaaladaha caadiga ah iyo in meesha cudurka. Boeukladki madaafiic is-gano (model aan la casriyeeyay) fadhiisiyey laba suun motoorka. Inta lagu guda jiro toogashada, ay sidoo kale lagu quudin karaa iyada oo ukunteeda ku gaar ah ee jirka ku jira dhulka.

nidaamyada Propulsion iyo qalabka kaabayaal

On howitzer is-gano horumarinta "Acacia" soocay laba iyo toban-V-qaabeeya afar-stroke dareere turbocharged qaboojiyey engine (B-59). Si wada jir ah isaga la isticmaalo double-socodka la isugu gudbiyo si farsamaysan loo yeesho habab ka leexdo iyo Planetary. unit madaafiicda ayaa shaqsi ganaax bar torsion la absorbers lama filaan ah telescopic Haydarooliga. At samaynta taladadii waxaan ku adkayn daab dozer gaar ah, jidaynayey labaatan daqiiqo qodo qoday meel dhulka si ay u qariyaan. Ujeedada kulaylinta nidaamka markabka lagu rakibay is-gano kululaynta (RH-65G), kuwaas oo wax soo saarka waa 6500kKal / saac. nidaamka madaafiic is-gano waxa uu leeyahay nidaam difaaca guud ee sahayda iyo Taliyaha pooliiska helaayo, hubka burburka culus geysta. 2S3 ku qalabeysan yahay nidaam toos ah dab, unit shaandhaynta, nidaam dhagixiina way dhigan in markabka laga saamaynta hub bakteeriyadda, nuclear iyo kiimikada ilaalin doonaa. cidhiidhi ee howitzer is-baasuukayaal la sii raagayaan ee geedi socodka of toogashada, iyo inta lagu jiro dhaqdhaqaaqa.

rasaas

Waayo, rasaasta ka howitzer is-gano "Acacia" qolofka isticmaalo ka madfac ku D-20 iyo ML-20, iyo sidoo kale howitzer D-1. Waayo, nidaamyadan, line a oo dhan rasaas 152-mm lagu soosaaray iyaga oo ku. Tusaale ahaan: qolof-qarxa sare 3VOF33 variable buuxa iyo lacag la dhimay, la 3VOF33 lacag kala duwan, 3VOF96 toogtay 3VOF97, 3VOF98 iyo 3V013 iyo 3V014 ka gano qaybsanaanta cajalad buuxa iyo hoos u xilsaaran. eedeeyay hoos u ogolaadaa diraya projectiles meel fog ka yar by waddo steeper. Tani waxay suuro gelineysaa in la garaaco bartilmaameedyo in ay qarsoona ka danbeeya caqabado kala duwan, sida guryaha, buuro iyo wixii la mid ah.

Si aad u baabbi'iyo baabuurta gaashaaman culus loo adeegsaday wadareed XPIEIV-540 rasaas ah. qolofka waxay la xawaare hore ee 676 m / s dooneysa kala duwan oo ka mid ah ilaa shan kilomitir. Normal ay geli taangiga Duruucda inay 250 mm xagal of 60 darajo in 220 mm iyo xagal 30 digrii - 120 mm. Waxa intaa dheer in rasaas is-gano in unit rasaas ah, kuwaas oo ka kooban rasaas gaar ah, u adeega si ay u disorganize Hab kontaroolo cadowga ee heer taatikada by arrimha dibada iyo hirarka raadiyaha aalladda gaaban. Tusaale ahaan, 3VRB37 iyo 3VBR36 mas'uul ka buuxa iyo hoos. Currently, "ayuu Acacia" howitzer is-gano horumariyo isticmaalaya STC "is iyo mechanization teknoolajiyada" projectiles mid sax ah sida "Sentimitir" oo ay gacanta ku hayso sida "Krasnopol". Tusaale ahaan, kakan "Sentimitir" waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laga adkaado gawaarida gaashaaman ee goobaha fiirsashada nidaamyada madaafiic iyo rasaas rido in jagooyinka, kaxeynayo daafaca joogto ah, dhibcood ee xiriir iyo maaraynta buundooyinka iyo buundooyinka. "Krasnopol" waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu baabbi'iyo diirada dhulka yar ee rasaas dab aan toos ahayn la dogob ujeedooyin backlighting laser designator-rangefinder.

SAU "Acacia": Features

miisaanka dagaalka habboon ee 27.5 metrik (miisaanka yar "Acacia" ogolaanaya ay gaadiid diyaaradaha gaadiidka), dhererkiisa lagu faray weeraryahanka qalab - 7765 Dhererka mm - 3050 mm, width - 3250 mm. Ansixin taladadii - 450 mm, cadaadiska dhulka unit celceliska - 0.6 kg / cm ^2. awood Engine waa 520 hp, xawaaraha - 2000 rev / min. caddaymaha gariiradda: ganaax shaqsi, unit propulsion nooca crawler, 1-dii iyo rollers 6-dii waxay leeyihiin absorbers Haydarooliga lama filaan ah telescopic, caag-diir width - 485 mm, tirada kabaha - 115. awoodda Shiidaalka waa 850 litir. xawaaraha ugu badan - 63 km / h. kala duwan oo ka saaciday inay - 500 km. Mashiinka waa ay awoodaan in ay ka gudbaan caqabadaha: Kobaca - 30 digrii, oo duudduuban - 25 digrii, jidad - 3 mitir, derbiga - 0.7 mitir, Wade - 1 mitir. The xabada iyo munaarad kaliga yahay 30 mm. markabka howitzer Is-gano ka kooban tahay afar qof.

Hub ciidan: sooc

Sida hore loo sheegay, horumarinta howitzer 2A33 yihiin geedka DB-9 iyo KB2 Perm mashiinka-dhisidda, oo waxaa la dhigay on the "la xidhay" software. On "Uraltransmash" shirka kama dambaysta ah ee taladadii. Details of qalab this waa sida soo socota: aasto - 152,4 mm, dhererka recoil foosto ah - 510-750 mm xagal fiiqaya - toosan -4 in +60 degrees, siman - 360 digrii, miisaanka qayb Escuardo ah - 2450 kg, heerka - 1, 9-3,5 wareeg halkii daqiiqo. qayb bool waa semi-taagan nooca raacsane waslad. Jejebiyey Kanoqo - dunmiiqa Haydarooliga. Pneumatic - nooca recuperator. Loading - gaar ah-case. Rasaas kala duwan, qolofka ku qor 3OF25 in 17.3 km si ay u 20.5 km 3OF22, "Krasnopol" - ilaa 20 km.

Sida hub dheeraad ah loo isticmaalo qoriga mashiinka nooca qodobka 7,62 mm, taas oo ah 250 gulufyadii rasaas.

shirkadda military

tabobbar Is-gano 2S3 "Acacia" waxaa loo isticmaalay si guul ah in dagaallo badan oo military oo ka dhacay meelo kala duwan oo dunida afartii sano ee lasoo dhaafay. Joogitaanka unugyada kuwaas oo adeeg la Soviet ciidamada sirdoonka reer galbeedka helay oo kaliya 1973, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ku helay magaca code "Model 1973" ka. Rasmi ah, dawladda USSR "iftiin ilaa" taladadii "Acacia" kaliya ee 1977 layliyada "Karpaty". Isla sanadkaas, kuwaas mashiinada markii ugu horeysay ka qeyb qaatay dabaaldega on Red Square. In 1979, ku dhawaad boqol tabobbar is-gano 2S3 waxaa loo soo dhiibay East Germany, dalka soo socda si aad u hesho gaadiidka dagaalka, kuwaas oo, waxay ahayd Ciraaq. Intii lagu guda jiray shirkadda Ciraaq "Acacia" qaybqaatay dhammaan hawlgallada ciidamada, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay ahaayeen kuwo ku qanacsanayn la'aanta ah ee ciidamada, in ay opinion, kala duwan oo ka cayrinta ah.

Laga soo bilaabo bilowgii hawlgallada mileteri ee Afghanistan, qoryaha kuwanu waxay ahaayeen lug artpodrazdelenih socda kooban oo ciidamada Soviet. Khubarada Milatariga xusay halaynta sare ee nidaamka, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sidoo kale waa ma aan cillado. Faa'iida weyn ee taladadii aqoonsan la'aanta ah ee kala duwan oo rasaas iyo heerka dabka. Dhab ahaantii xiiso leh waa in Afghanistan, mashiinada dagaalka ayaa la adeegsaday si ay dab, kaas oo lahaa saamayn niyad jab weyn ku Mujaahidiinta toosin. farsamada la mid ah ayaa haatan loo isticmaalaa dhanka ah Xarakada military iyo Islaamiyiinta Suuriya.

SAU "Acacia" oo ka qayb-galay oo dhan isku dhacyada hubeysan ee USSR hore. Tusaale ahaan, shirkadaha Waqooyiga Caucasus, iyo sidoo kale inta lagu jiro waxa loogu yeero "Dagaalkii 888".

Maanta, qoryaha dagaalka, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo in colaadda Ukraine, labada ciidamada joogtada ah iyo maleeshiyada.

gunaanad

Currently ee adeegga baxdid waa sida madaafiic is-gano oo casri ah, iyo wax soo saarka ee xilligii Soviet. Howitzer "Acacia", inkastoo uu da 'wayni, sii wadaan in ay si joogto ah u fuliyaan heegan ah ma aha oo kaliya in ciidamada dalka Ruushka, laakiin sidoo kale dibadda. qoryaha waxay ka bixisey in Europe: dalalka of Heshiiska Warsaw ah; Afrika: Algeria, Ciraaq, Liibiya, Suuriya. Intaa waxaa dheer, ka dib markii Midowga Soofiyeeti burburay, mashiinada, kuwaas oo ku yiil oo dhan Jamhuuriyadda hore ee Soviet. Baahida loo qabo noocan ah hub ciidan sii, waxna lagama iyo maanta helo amar labada qoryaha tan iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo Russia on taladadii cusub. Indeed, dagaal oo casri ah, kaxeynayo sida lagu daro dhufays sax-hanuuniyey door muhiim ah ka ciyaari kara. talaabo ah "Acacia" tusay kooxdiisa ugu fiican, khubaro militari oo odhan halleeyo lillaahinimada iyo isku halaynta of nidaamka madaafiic this. Oo markii qaybgalkiisa iyana waxay noqotay mid aad loo jecel yahay ee shirkadda Afghanistan. Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay tahay sababta ay weli ku jira adeegga ma aha oo kaliya ee dalkeenna, laakiin sidoo kale in wadamo badan oo kale oo dunida dacaladeeda ah.