Peter Kalnyshevsky: Biography. yaabbaa horraysay Petra Kalnyshevskogo

Peter Kalnyshevsky - caanka Ataman Zaporizhzhya Sich, taas oo la soo dhaafay ee taariikhda Jamhuuriyadda Cossack ayaa lagu qabtay xafiiska sare this. Waayo camal ka go'an inta lagu guda jiro nolosha ninkan, ka dib markii tixgelinta Synod Quduuska ah ee Yukreeniyaan Orthodox Church ee warbixinta Komishanka Synodal ee Sababaha Saints, uu canonized. Kuwa xaqa Petra Kalnyshevskogo Xuso November 13 on kaalendarka Gregorian, maalintii uu dhintay. Sida ninkan uu ku noolaa, iyo waxa yaababkii ay dhammaadaan intii uu noolaa, wuxuu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in uu canonized? Jawaabta su'aashan isku dayi doonaa inaan ku siin article ah.

Bilowgii safar nolosha

Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich ahayd hooyo ah Pustovoytovka ah tuulo, oo ku yaalla gobolka Sumy (Ukraine). Sanadka dhalashada - 1691. Nasiib darro, ee taariikhda xogta ku dhowaad ma wada ilaaliyo, oo ku saabsan carruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada. Xaqiiqada ku saabsan sano ka hore uu xaqiijiyay markhaatiyaal indhaha ku arkay oo kaliya laakiin sheekooyinka in dadkii ka afka maray inay afka.

Waxaa la og yahay oo kaliya in uu ku dhashay ee qoyska ka mid ah Cossack. Soon hooyadiis waxaa laga dhintay, iyo Peter at 8 sano jir si ay u yimaadeen Sich. Haddii ay tani run tahay ama Halyeeyga - lama yaqaan. Sidee ayuu galay hoyga ee Cossacks ka, sidoo kale, lama yaqaan.

In Zaporozhye Petr Kalnyshevsky helay inuu waxbarasho ugu horeeyay, waxa uu ahaa dugsiga ee kaniisadda. Waa in la ogaadaa in inkastoo waxbarashada lahaa door weyn uu mustaqbalka ka mid ah Cossack kasta. In Zaporozhye ee kaniisadaha dhowr dugsiyada furmeen, halkaas casharo ayaa la sameeyay wakiillo ka socda wadaad ah.

Dhab ah by xaqiiqada ah in xirfad military uu bilaabay sidii Squire fudud. Ka hor inta noqoto ataman, wuxuu ahaa kornayl iyo Maarso 1752, waayo, 1761, iyo esaul milatariga ee 1754, iyo xaakin military ka 1763 si ay u 1765

Kalnyshevsky ahaa hogaamiye aad u tayo badan military, dagaalyahan cabsi la'aan, siyaasi lagu daabacay; Wuxuu ogaa in badan oo aysan awoodin in ay. Ma aha la yaab leh in ugu dhakhsaha badan uu ku abaal a darajo cusub military - Sarreeye guud.

Kalnyshevsky waxaa si fiican u yaqaan maxkamadda. In ka badan hal mar, wuxuu madax ka ahaa oo ka mid ah safaaradaha Cossack sida Peter aniga iyo Ekaterina II.

1762 ahaa tub in uu nolol - Kalnyshevsky ataman doortay.

chieftanship ugu horeysay

Peter Kalnyshevsky, kuwaas oo Biography waa hodan ku dhacdooyinkii Joogaba, taariikhi ah, ayaa loo doortay Ataman ka badan hal jeer. Xafiiskiisa ugu horeysay loo doortay waxaa loo yaqaan: "ataman The - pilot ciidanka oo dhan." At booska this Cossacks ka doorto cutubka ka mid ah waayo-aragnimo geesisan aduunka oo ugu Marexaan odayaasha.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay Kalnyshevsky Ataman qaatay waxoogaa ilaa xad ah. Uu sharafta ka mid ah Cossacks aad buu u weynaa. isagii way ka booska this Catherine II sida dawladda xun saaro.

chieftanship labaad

Peter Kalnyshevsky ayaa u ixtiraamo ciidanka Cossack, Cossacks ma xitaa ka cabsadeen inay ku xad amarka Queen. Lid ku ah doonista Catherine II, saraakiisha Cossack mar kale loo doortay in ay ataman. Tani waxay dhacday 1764.

Waa in la ogaadaa in, sida ugaas, Kalnyshevsky si firfircoon horumariyo Zaporozhye xoolaha taranta iyo beeraha. Waxa uu doonayay inuu kordhiyo tirada dadka ee deegaanka iyo gacan ka yaroow, kuwaas oo ka sayidkooda cararay. Iyada oo uu taageero iyo ka qaybgalka Cossacks inta badan weerareen tataarka ka maxaabiistii dadka dalkiisa ay sii daayay. Ataman danbe si gaar ah u dalkoodii ku Zaporozhye.

Sababo steppe Kalnyshevsky ugu dhakhsaha badan Zaporizhia helay tuulooyinka cusub oo tiro badan. Peter Kalnyshevsky qudhiisu wuxuu noqday mid ka mid ah dadka ugu qanisan Ukraine. Waxa uu ahaa milkiilaha tuulooyin badan iyo beeraha, beeraha iyo daaqa, lahaa kumanyaalka kun ee reer xoolo daaqsinta.

Kalnyshevsky hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida deeqbixiye caan ah. Oo uu lacag ka dhisay kaniisadaha iyo kuwo macbudyo dhaca in dhowr magaalo oo Yukreeniyaan iyo tuulooyinka.

Kalnyshevsky iyo Catherine II

Catherine II kaalin weyn ma aha oo kaliya in Kalnyshevsky qaddar, iyadu gacanta ku burburinta dhan Zaporizhzhya Sich saaray. Laakiin tani ka dib waxaa ka wada xaajoon doonaa.

Dhanka kale, waxaa la ogsoon yahay in hal mar Kalnyshevsky, isagoo qayb ka mid ah Cossacks wafdiga maxkamadda, qaaday fursad ay kula kulmaan aristocracy ee Ruush iyo soo nooleynta xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed la waxtar u leh isu shaqsiyad.

Tani waxay keentay in xaqiiqda ah in muddo Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich noqday mid ka mid ah dadka ugu qanisan uguna saameynta badan ee Ukraine. Sida yaabbaa, uu xitaa lagu casuumay si ay u dabaaldega ee Catherine II.

Qaab waa mid aad u wacan oo taasna waxaa lagu xusay boqoradda, laakiin taasi kama aysan saameyn ku yeelan go'aanka ah in iyada oo ka soo baxay xafiiska ciidanka Kalnyshevsky Ataman Cossack (waa Kalnyshevsky saarida ugu horeysay ee xafiiska) ka saar. Mid ka mid ah version of this dhacdo taariikhi ah, ayaa sheegay in Boqorad ma jeclaan gumaysigii aad u kulul ataman dalka Zaporizhzhya Sich.

Marka Kalnyshevsky doortay markii labaad, on amarka of Queen xitaa waxaa la abuuray waaxda gaar ah oo baaritaan, kaas oo baara sababaha Nabiyada sida maxkamadda ku dhiirato boqornimada. Bal yaa og waxa ku dhamaaday lahaa baadhitaanka iyo inta gool lahaa "hoos ka mambar soo duulay," haddii aan dagaalka ka dhexeeya Russia iyo Turkey.

dagaal Ruush-Turkish

maxkamadda Royal ogaa in ciidan Cossack wuxuu noqon karaa mid ka mid ah caawimaad weyn ee guushii ay ka gaareen Turkigu, ma aha oo kaliya Cossacks ku lahaa kaalin muhim in dagaalka. Catherine II lahayn doorasho laakiin in "indhahooda" Doorashadii dulmina Cossacks Kalnyshevsky, waxaa iyada lagu khasbay inay u yimaadaan marka la eego xaqiiqada ah in iyada ahaa ma ay samayn.

Waxa uu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in saamayn weyn, iyo sidoo kale Xoolo, Kalnyshevsky had iyo jeer ku hadhay ataman ilaa maalintii ugu dambaysay ee jiritaanka Sich ah. Sannad kasta muddo 10 sano ah, waxa uu ahaa hoggaamiye uu doortay.

In Russia, dagaalka wata ciidan Turkey Cossack u muuqataa oo kaliya gacanta ugu fiican ee la. Boqoradda aad ugu faraxsan oo ka cawday darajo ciidan Cossack yaabbaa of Sarreeye guud. Intaa waxaa dheer, yaabbaa Peter Kalnyshevsky heshay horyaalka ee Chevalier ah Order of Empire Ruush ah - Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Sich: dhammaadka taariikhda

Zaporozhtsy ahaayeen askar aan shaqeyn, waxay taageereen Russia ee dagaalka kula Turkey. Laakiin at habdhaqanka maxkamadda boqornimo ahaa Gaarna negative: Cossacks ayaa la tixgeliyo mucaaradka. Halka Russia khatar ka tataarka, ciidanka Zaporozhye dulqaadan iyo aqbalay, laakiin ka dib markii saxiixa heshiis nabadeed la Khanate Crimean ah Empress a go'aansaday in laga takhaluso Cossacks ah. Prince Potemkin la soo saaray amar ku saabsan burburinta Zaporizhzhya Sich. Sidaas daraaddeed, bishii May ee 1755 oo ahaa taliyihii Potemkin Tekeli hareereeyeen ciidamada uu Sich.

Marka Cossacks ayaa lagu soo rogay hubka, ay soo bandhigeen in ay amar ku Empress ee, kuwaas oo la macaamilooday Sich in - waa khatar ku tahay boqortooyadiisa ka. Laakiinse boqoraddii u jeclaysteen in si cadaalad, idinkoo xusuusanaya waxa gargaar lahaa Cossacks dagaalka Turks, ayay ku bixiyeen in kuwa doonaya inuu sii joogo xerada inuu ka tago xirfadda military oo ku lug leh beeraha.

On golaha Cossack, waxaan madax ka Kalnyshevsky, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay ka fogaadaan iska caabin ah oo lagu hoobtay. Ma muddo dheer ka hor, Cossacks diriray garabka in uu la Ruush ah ka gees ah tataarka ah.

Go'aankan wuxuu ahaa xaqiiqada ah in Sich la gabi ahaanba la burburiyay iyo dayn inay ka jiraan.

Masiirka dheeraad ah Kalnyshevsky

Kalnyshevskiy Petr Ivanovich, kuwaas oo Biography la dhammeeyo wareega cusub, ayaa lagu qabtay oo laga qaaday si toos ah u St. Petersburg. yaabbaa hore waxaa xukumi by Collegium Milatariga. Wixii la jabiyo amar dawladda uu helay dambi ah.

Haddaba taariikhyahanadu ku riday weeraryahanka version in taasu waxay ahayd in Kalnyshevsky rabay si ay u noqdaan aasaasaha ah Sich cusub, halkaas oo Cossacks oo dhan Sarkaalka Petty noqon lahaa daacad kaliya isaga.

Kalnyshevsky, kuwaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa 85 sano jir ah, ayaa lagu xukumay dil. Potemkin qudhiisu dirireen cadaab in uu u bedelo ah yaabbaa Cossack jir masaafurintii nolosha ee keniisad Solovki.

keniisad Solovetsky

dadaalka Potemkin ayaa xoogga, iyo Peter Kalnyshevsky ataman la soo dhaafay la goostay oo xabsi ah khatar ah howlno, taas oo ahayd gayiga ah keniisad Solovetsky.

Sida yaabbaa in loo arkaa gaar ahaan halis u ah oo dhan oo ka mid ah dambiyada Ruush Empire, uu diiday, waxay xaq u of isgaarsiinta iyo waraaqaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, Kalnyshevsky xidhay by sida ugu badan 25 sano.

Iyadoo Ehelka kale ee guri keniisad ka dhawray by 2 waardiyayaasha, Kalnyshevsky magacaabay 4. Waxa uu loo ogolaaday inuu ka tago meesha oo xadhig ah 3 jeer sannadkii, on the ciidaha diiniga weyn: isbeddelid of Eebow, Christmas iyo Easter. Maalmahan uu ka qeyb galay cibaadada.

Waa in la ogaadaa in Potemkin iyo Catherine II weli sugayaan 85-sano jir ilaa iyo haatan. ku jira loo qoondeeyey lacag aad u badan, ayuu xataa waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay maxbuus Sharaf leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee kuwa kibirka Koschevoi marna intii uu musaafuris ma soo gudbin codsi kasta ama Empress ama dhaxla iyada. Waxaa intaa dheer, isagoo caafimaad oo wanaagsan, oo uu u soo maray sidii Potemkin iyo Catherine.

sii daayo

Petru Kalnyshevskomu ahayd 110 sannadood buu jiray markuu awow u ahaa Catherine goostay inuu sii daayo. Weli Ataman ayaa lagu casuumay si ay u doortaan meel hoy dheeraad ah. Iyada oo sida da'da ah qadariyo, nin da 'weyn, inkastoo uu hore u indha la'aa, weli hadhay ee maskaxda ku cad. Wuxuu si fudud ku muujiyay sida uu uga mahad-xoraynta (note, ma aan qiyaas gaar ah oo aad u adag) oo isaga ayaa ogolaansho ka codsaday in ay ku noolaadaan baxay meeshii oo uu ahaa sidaas u bartay 25 sano oo xadhig ah.

Kalnyshevsky: on Diinta

In ataman, Kalnyshevsky ahaa mid aad diinta. iyada oo weliba waxaa uu jecel yihiin in ay sii suufiyadoodii kuwaas oo dhegaystay talo ah ee ku Hanuuniyaa ruuxiga ah.

Intii uu noolaa wuxuu ahaa bilaabaha iyo dhise kaniisado badan. Oo uu lacag, kaniisadaha badan ayaa helay a maacuunta kaniisad cusub.

Maxbuuska ah keniisad Solovki ah, wuxuu dhaliyay taqwada iyo is-hoosaysiinta.

Ka dib markii xoraynta Kalnyshevsky noolaa muddo 2 sano ah. In 1803, oo waxaa lagu aasay meel u dhow Cathedral isbeddelid sida ku jirta, ee dhulka guri keniisad ah. Nasiib darro, meel xabaaleed ee yaabbaa geesiyaasha ay qaab asalka ah ma badbaadaan, maxaa yeelay, in 30-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay on dhulka, halkaas oo uu joogay Ataman, xabsiga waxaa mar kale dib u bilaabay, laakiin wakhtigan dalka colka Soofiyeedku.

Tan iyo markii ay meesha aaska ee yaabbaa fadhiya dadka xabsi si fudud lagu beeray jardiinooyin, xabaashii la duminayaa dhulka ku. Waqti ka, waxaa la helay iyo dib loo soo celiyo dhagax xabaal tilmaamaysa in dhulka this waxaa lagu aasay Kalnyshevsky.

Peter Kalnyshevsky: horraysay

Faracoodii mahadisaan ha iloobin hoggaamiye weyn. On qabrigiisa la qotomiyey taallo leh image ee Lika Koshevogo.

November 13, 2015 Kalnyshevsky, in barnaamijka iyo dadaalka Orthodox Church Yukreeniyaan hoostiisa Patriarchate Moscow mahad waxaa canonized.

Hadda waxa laga bilaabo, St. Peter Kalnyshevsky qadarin iyo maalintii uu suuqa kala iibsiga si ay dunida kale - 13 November. Sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka Asalraacnimadu, Salaadda gaar ah iyo icon la wejiga ah kiisii ugu Waxaa la soo saaray.

Habeeynimadii of horraysay ee Petra Kalnyshevskogo Metropolitan ee Kiev iyo All Ukraine Onufry hagaajiyaa Qudduusnaantiisa Wadaad of Moscow iyo Dhamaan Russia Kirill weydiinaya barakeysan for iibka ah ee Mala'igtu ee yaabbaa weyn oo iyaga u gudbaayo gurigiisa - in Zaporozhye.

Ka dib markii dhaqaaqo in ka mid ah 14 diocesi wadaaddadii Mareen diimed, inta lagu guda jiro taas oo Butros wuxuu canonized Kalnyshevsky. The Mala'igtu ee weli ka, ee wadaadada go'aanka uu noqon doono in Quduuska ah Protection Virgin Cathedral ee.