Fedor Apraksin: Biography, abaalmarinta, adeegga dadweynaha

In taariikhda Ruush, ninkan oo ahaa xubin ka mid ah deegaanka maxalliga ah ee Peter weyn, waxaa lagu xasuustaa sidii Taliyaha a talented badda, iyo sida tababare u lihi. Fedor Apraksin gabi ahaanba u qalmeen ku guuleysatay horyaalka ee Admiral iyo General Madaxweynaha guddiga of Admiralty ah. Uu Merit aan la overemphasized karo, waayo, kaasu wuxuu ahaa, oo ay la socdaan boqorka ka qaybqaatay abuurista raxan Ruushka. Waxaa Fedor Apraksin guuleystay taxane ah oo dagaalo on dhulka iyo badda, oo waxay lahaayeen muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah. Maxay ahayd cajiib ah oo ku saabsan taariikh nololeedka ee caanka ah Admiral General? Ka fiirso su'aashan si faahfaahsan.

asal ahaan

Apraksins ayaa muddo dheer lagu qabtay meel mudan ee bulshada. Ilaha Xusuuso ugu horeysay lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ka mid ah qeybtii hore ee qarnigii 17aad. Back ee 1617, awoowe iyo taliyaha ciidamada badda samigiisa Fyodor Apraksin ahaa karaaniga amarka of Palace Kazan ah. Waxa uu sidoo kale in 1634 noqday karaaniga Boris Lykov, kuwaas oo iman in-sharciga Tsar Mikhail Romanov. Fyodor Apraksin, iyagoo gablan, dhintay 1636. Laakiin Butros walaalkiis lahaa farcankaaga. Waxaan ka hadleynaa ina Vasilii Apraksine, boqorka uga adeegi jiray isaga qudhiisa. Waa in qoyska of Vasily Petrovich muuqday Scion of Matthew - aabbe u ahaa taliyaha ciidamada badda Gaalowday. Sam Zakharov "gubernatorstvoval" in jaaket. Qoyskiisa lahaa saddex wiil iyo gabadh. Peter Matveyevich ahaa in adeegga gooyo xildhibaan ah ku jira, iyo ka dib Senator a. Fyodor Matveyevich ahaa associate ah Tsar Peter aan, Andrei Matveyevich markii ciqaab ahayd koob-kii. Laakiin gabadhii Marfa Matveevna Apraksina noqday naagtii xalaal boqorka Fedor Alekseevich. guurka Tani waa ilaa xad gaar ah loo dejiyay mustaqbalka oo dhan ee Matthew Vasilyevich.

Laakiin, inuu noqdo xaaska labaad ee Boqortooyada, Marfa Matveevna Apraksina ugu dhakhsaha badan armalooyinka iyo xaaladda badiyay sida boqoradda. Laakiin taasi kama aysan celinin walaalaheed inay dhistaa xirfad nidaamka maamulka dadweynaha.

boqorka ayaa wakiilkii

Waxa uu ku dhashay November 27, 1661. Horeba da 'yar oo, FM Apraksin stolnik u adeegeen Peter I. Oo in la ogaadaa in uu lahaa tartan istaahilo. Gaar ahaan, waxaan ka hadleynaa Prince Fedor Yurevich Romadanovsky. Waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa stolnik deris. Oo haddii Apraxin abuuro ciidamada farxad leh, Romodanovsky ahaa ay generalissimo. Muddo ka dib boqorkii helay kaxaystay "kulan oo dagaalka ku jira", si tirada ciidamada regiments ah, gaar ahaan la aasaasay madadaalo ee Peter aan, ayaa si wayn kor. Mid ka mid ah ama qaab kale, laakiin ciidamada farxad leh bilaabay tallaabo weyn oo dib u habayn ciidamada dalka Ruushka, iyo mudnaanta ee Apraksin kiiskan waa wax iska cad.

voivod

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Fedor Matveevich waxaa lagu Abaal marin Eebe teebaad weyn boqorkii markuu dhisay uu markab ugu horeysay.

In 1692, waxaa loo magacaabay Taliyaha in Arkhangelsk. Muddo ka dib, Apraksin oo lala iman lahaa fikirka ah in la dhiso markab in si guul ah ay noqon karto arrimaha ganacsiga ee badda. boqor Ruush ahaa farxay by fikrad this, iyo shakhsi ahaan ka qayb qaatay tab Frigate qoriga "St. Paul." FM Apraksin waqtiga mushaarka iyo horumarinta magaalada. Gaar ahaan, waxa uu ku xoogeeyey difaaca ee Arkhangelsk iyo territory kordhay Solombalskaya deked markab. Just dhawr sano guddoomiyaha in "dhulka of North Yurub", wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay kor u laan ka mid ah warshadaha Dhismaha maraakiibta military iyo ganacsi heer cusub. Oo isna wuxuu soo bandhigay dhaqanka ee maraakiibta Arkhangelsk diraya dibadda ujeedo ganacsi.

saraakiisha cusub

The bilawgii qarniga 18aad Fedoru Matveevichu lacag u maareeyaan arrimaha amarka Admiralty. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu noqday taliyaha Azov. Apraksin waqti badan ku kharash gareeya ee Voronezh, halkaas oo uu ku adag u shaqeeya si ay u abuuraan raxan in ordi lahaa badda Azov. At afka webiga Voronezh uu tala galay inay deked markab kale.

In Taganrog Fedor Matveevich qorsheeyay in ay qalabeeyaan dekedda iyo in la dhiso qalcad ah ee tuulada Lipica, yaal Dhiniciisa Midig, Oka ah, Apraksin qorsheeyay dhismaha ah qoryaha farax dhirta. The T-bar (Voronezh gobolka)-sharaf State doonayay in la dhiso iyo qalabayn ah guraan ciidamada badda. In badda Azov uu qorsheeyay inuu ku soo bilowdo hydrography. Iyo wax kasta ka sarreeya dayada uu ku guuldareystay.

Madaxweynaha College of Admiralty ah

Dabcan, shaqada weyn sameeyey by Apraksin ma tegi dareemo by taliyihii sare ee gobolka Ruush. Peter aan ka mahadnaqayo mudnaanta wakiilkiisii. In 1707 Fedor Matveevich abaal darajo of General Admiral oo loo doortay inuu post ee Madaxweynaha Guddiga Admiralty ah. dhiib isaga in amarka shakhsi ahaaneed ee raxan ah ee badda bari iyo ciidamo dhowr ah oo ku saabsan dhulka.

Horumarka arrimaha milatariga

In 1708, General-Admiral Apraksin keentay Saaka iyo Ruushka ee Ingria, kaas oo looga hortagi ciidanka Swedish inuu soo qabto "magaalada on Neva ah" ka, Kotlin iyo Kronshlot. Fedor Matveevich baabbi'in kari lahaa jidhka Stromberg dhow dejinta Rakobor (Wesenberg la soo dhaafay).

Ku dhowaad saddex asbuuc ka dib, Madaxweynaha Guddiga Admiralty ee Kaporskaya Bay adkaaday ciidamada Swedish hoos amarka Baron Limbecker. Dabcan, guulahaas ka mid ah ayaa xusay heerka ugu sareeya. Fedor Apraksin waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee Tirinta oo helay post a xildhibaanka ku jira. Intaa waxaa dheer, Peter waxaan amar ku bixiyay in sayidyadiinna ah Buoni ah in ay soo saaraan bilad lacag la image ee sawirka bar-cimri ah hoggaamiye milatari caanka ah iyo taliyaha ciidamada badda ah.

guul Triumphal sii

Markaas Fedor Matveevich mar kale isaga qudhiisu kala duwanaayeen dagaalka. Taliyaha, isagoo in arsenal ee 10,000 oo askari, hareereeyey oo wuxuu qabsaday qalcaddii Vyborg. Inta uu hawlgalka this, in uu helay Order ee St. Andrew, iyo sidoo kale darto seef sameeyey dahab saafi ah oo lagu qurxiyey dheeman. Apraksin ka dibna waxaa loo wareejiyay dalka Azov halkaas oo uu halaagnay qalcad ah ka taagay hore iyo iibinta baabuurta ganacsiga. Xaqiiqada ah in Azov ee 1711 oo hoos timaad maamulka Turkey yimid. Ka dib markii in, Admiral General waqti qaar ka mid ah ee St. Petersburg, laakiin 1712 waxaa loo doortay inuu amro oo lugta ah, taas oo loo soo diray inay xilli uu ku soo laabto qayb ka mid ah dalka Finland. Taliyaha guulaystay territory, ka Vyborg, halkaas oo a taallo Fedoru Apraksinu la caleemo ee 2010, iyo dhamaanayey Järvi-Koski. Iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan ka dib maysid Petra Velikogo, amrayo galleys badda iyo lugta dalka, soo dadajin yaabaa Helsinki (caasimada Finland). In dayrta ee 1713 Apraksin ahaa guul dagaalka ku leh dalka Iswiidan ee u dhow Pyalkane River. Dabcan, waayo, taasu cajiib Victoria General-Admiral si fudud u heli karto Order kale ee St. Andrew ku First-yeero.

Gangut

Laakiin guulaheenna ee guusha ka hor ahaayeen. In 1714 ee taliyaha iyo madaxa Guddiga Admiralty ahaa awoodaan in ay mar kale muujiyaan cadowga u xoog iyo itaal ciidanka Ruush.

Tani waa dagaalka badda caanka la iswiidhishka in biloowday ee Cape Hanko. Available Apraksin ahaa 99 galleys iyo scampaways, oo meel wadar ahaan 15 kun oo askari oo Ruush. Fyodor Matveyevich iyo Colkiisii waxay ahaayeen si ay u bixiyaan helitaanka Islands Åland iyo gobolka Turku. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qorshayaasha kuwaas oo isku dayay inuu horistaago raxan Sweden hoos amarka ku-xigeenka Admiral Vatranga kuwaas oo askari oo uu ku amray inay soo galaan ah ee Jasiiradda Hanko. Si loo yareeyo fursada of dib u dejinta ee galleys Ruush iyada oo dhulka ku qori hore aasaasay, oo ku yaalla qaybta cidhiidhi ah ee Jasiiradda, Sweden lahaa si raxan u qaybi qaybo dhowr ah. Waxay ahayd qalad istiraatiiji ah, sida ineysan maraakiibta cadowga uga nugul yihiin in ay weerar. galleys Ruush kor u qaadi karaa Jasiiradda badda iyo qayb ahaan si ay weerar koox dad ah markab cadowga. Muddo ka dib, iska hor imaad u muhim ah ciidamada ee Strait Rilaks-biriijka. Maraakiibtan ayaa Ruush ahaa xoog iyo guuleystay. iridda Gacanka aqallo ahaa free, laakiin helitaanka Islands Åland furan yahay. Dhawr bilood ka dib u Dullaysto Bariga Dhulka ku teedsan gacanka aqallo, ku wareejiyey si Russia. Shiidaa oo dhan ee Finland wuxuu ahaa in gacmaha Emperor Peter ka I.

Ku noqo caasimada

Si dhakhso ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Fedor Matveevich waxaa si lama filaan ah dib ugu yeeray in ay caasimada. Waxa ugu waa in boqorkii ay ogaadeen in saraakiil ka goobada gudaha ee General-Admiral xoog iyo lacag ka meel khasnadda ka xaday xadgudbo. Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Peter waxaan kutaala ahayd arrin si caddaalad ah wax caadi ah in si waxashnimo ah u dhigan "meydadka gaar ah". Laakiin Apraksin ah, ka duwan madaxda kale, ma ahaa qof hunguri weyn iyo calooshiis, waxa uu ahaa ku filan baahida mushaar state of qoyskiisa.

Iyo baarayaasha, runtii, waxaan ma helay caddeyn kaas oo tilmaamay in taliyaha damaashaaday xaday lacag dadweynaha. Laakiin halkan keceen Apraksina la qabtay waxa ku jira. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, boqorka, had iyo jeer la xasuusto mudnaanta Fyodor Matveyevich hor Fatherland, ma si xun ayaa wakiilkiisii ku ciqaabi iyo isagii ku amartay inuu bixiyo ganaax ah oo kaliya.

"Waxaa amiir"

Oo weliba Apraksins si joogta ah u caddeeyey in ay bannaan daacad. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan ka hadleynaa taariikhda, markii farcankii boqorkii Alexei ee 1716, digniin la'aan, u baxay inay ku noolaadaan Austria. Wiilka Emperor sidaas ay go'aansadeen in ay muujiyaan mucaaradka in ay dib u habaynta iyo dib u habaynta ee Peter I. Kaliya diblomaasiyiinta iyo Tolstoy Alexei Rumyantsev aaminsiiyey inuu ku soo laabto, raalli uu tallaabo. Dabcan, gooyo doonayay in ay cashar u wiilkii si taxadar la'aan iyo amar ku bixiyay in ka mid ah in qalcaddii ilaa inta uusan iman in dareenka ay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Alex ayaa dayacay danaha Fatherland iyo dhaqaaqay si uu u eego dhalashada Austria ma aha mid, laakiin shirkadaha sida maskax. By soo beegay, ay goobo muuqday Petr Matveevich Apraksin. Laakiin baarayaasha ugu danbeyn ma helin wax caddeyn ah oo uu ku xadgudbay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani dhacdo xun leh walaalkiis ka calool Fedor Matveevich, kuwaas oo ahaa markhaati tooska ah ee Prince imtixaan. Maadaama aad tahay xubin ka mid ah Komishanka oo Wax soo baara, Admiral-Guud, oo ay la socdaan mas'uuliyiin kale, gelin saxiixiisa in xukunka eed dhaxalka lahaa Alexei. amiirka ayaa lagu xukumay dil.

Ololaha ka dhanka ah Sweden iyo hawlgalka milatari ee Faaris

Ka dib markii dagaal ku guul ah madaxa Gangut Guddiga Admiralty ah, hozyaystvuya on jasiiradaha Stockholm, xilliyo ka saaciday inay ku teedsan xeebaha Sweden, sahay baabbi'iyeen Maraakiibta iyo canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna waxay ka dhulka ururinta. Korol Frederik ahaa waxaan khasbay inay xeer jajab la Russia u saxiixay a khasaari Sweden Treaty of Nystad. A Fedor Matveyitch helay abaalmarinta badda sare (Kaiser-calanka).

In 1722, taliyaha ciidamada xilli dhaqaaqay Faaris. Waxa uu shaqsi ahaan uu hogaaminayo Maraakiibta Ruush safraan Sea Caspian ah. In 1723 Apraksin guryahoodii bay ku noqdeen, oo waxaa la siiyey amarka Fleet bari.

dhimashada reformer weyn ka dib markii

Marka, ee 1725, ku dhintay Emperor Peter aan, ayaa wakiilkiisii hore sii waday in ay ku jiraan boos sare ee maxkamadda. In 1725 sano, Catherine waxaan nafteeda siinay Order ee St. Aleksandra Apraksin. Nevskogo. Wax yar ka dib Petra Velikogo xaaskiisa siiyey inta badan oo ka mid ah arrimaha guud ee dadweynaha oo hoos timaad maamulka Golaha Sare ku jira, taas oo markii danbe galay iyo Fedor Matveevich. Laakiin violin ugu horeysay ee jirka this maamula ciyaaray Prince Alexander Menshikov. Maraakiibta Dhanka kale Ruush si tartiib tartiib ah hoos u kala jejebiyey, oo ay hagaajinta iyo dayactirka loo baahan yahay qoondaynta dhaqaalaha, kaas oo, nasiib daro, ayaa loo qoondeeyey in tiro ku filan. Xaaladahan oo kale, Apraksin noqday ka yar badda tag, laakiin guul weyn of raxan ka Ruush weli cusub in xusuustiisa. Kaliya ee 1726, General Admiral ku heshiiyeen in ay keeni Maraakiibta Ruush raaxaystaan si ay u muujiyaan waajahaan xooggiisii military ee Russia Britain ee.

qorrax mustaqbalkiisa

Marka gooyo Ruush kor uguma carshiga Peter II ee, arrimaha dadweynaha ee dalka noqday madaxa Dolgorukovs in meel fog bay qaar ka mid ah loola dhaqmo Apraksin. Fyodor Matveyevich go'aansaday inuu ka tago adeega dadweynaha iyo deganaa ee Moscow. Muddo sanado ah, isagoo Apraxin awood uruuriyeen maal ilaa xad ah. Steward Peter waxaan daaraha waaweyn oo laga leeyahay iyo xaafadaha, uu leeyahay oo meelo badan ee dalka la qiimo gaar ah. Yaa uusan u dhan by tegey General-Admiral doono? Marka carruurtu ma uusan haysan oo dhan helay Fedor Apraksin ka dhex doondooneen xigaalkooda qaybsan, iyo lahaanshaha guriga raaxo ee St. Petersburg, uu ugu deeqay gooyo Peter II. Apraksin dhintay on November 10, 1728. State jirka sharaf waxaa lagu aasay dhulka ee guri keniisad Zlatoust ee Moscow. Ibid aasay oo aabbe u ahaa madaxweynaha oo loox Admiralty ah. Leaving qorid badan oo ku saabsan taariikhda dalka iyo haysashada tayo dhif ah sida naxariis, dadaalkaas, daacadnimo, wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah kaaliyeyaasha top Petra Velikogo in dib u habaynta ee gobolka Ruush.