Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, sculptor Ruush: Biography, shaqada

Dunida ayaad ka heli kartaa goobo badan oo aan kaliya yaabiyo doonaa iyagoo waynaanta, khadadka safeeyey, laakiin sidoo kale kaa caawin si loo raad raaco horumarinta farshaxanka farshaxan iyada oo da '. Laakiin waxa aan ogaado oo ku saabsan dadka la abuuro taxadiri kuwan, taasoo qayb ka mid ah uu naftiisa wax aan ugu jecel yahay?

In this article waxaan ugu yeeran sculptor si fiican u yaqaan Ruush. Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich - kuwaas oo uu yahay, nooca gacan ka dhigay inay dunida farshaxanka, iyo waxa ka shaqeeya noqday caan ah?

Biography

AM dhashay Opekushin November 28, 1838 (sida ay ilo kale in 1833) tuulo yar oo Svechkino Volga (Gobolka Yaroslavl). Waxa uu ka soo jeedaa qoys ridayeen a yimid. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa Serf ah nin oday ah Ekateriny Olhinoy, modelers xirfad is-baray.

Tan iyo carruurnimada Opekushin tusay xirfaddaada farshaxan iyo dhadhanka, soo socda si dhibaato soo ridayeen fudud hal-abuur leh. Waxa uu si guul ah ka qalin jabiyay dugsiga tuulada. waxa ay ahayd on tayo wiil ee waa adag tahay in aan fiiro gaar ah, sidaas aabbihiisna wuxuu inta badan waa on Mudanayaal ayeey ka ee St. Petersburg, waxaan go'aansaday in ay u diraan wiilka si ay u bartaan. Marka aad hesho ogolaanshaha ee E. Olkhin, dhallinyarada Opekushin at 12 jir u tageen inay isku qoraan ee School of Sawiridda of Society Imperial ee dhiirigelinta ee Artists.

formation

Waxbarashada St. Petersburg ahaa fudud. Oo meeshii ay saddexdii sano ee uu ku qaatay labo. AM Opekushin muujiyay kartida aan caadi ahayn inta lagu jiro waxbarashada, iyo ku guuleystay qalbiyada fannaaniinta si fiican u yaqaan iyo Professor. Mid iyaga ka mid ahaa sculptor Danish David Jensen. Ka dib dhammaadka School Sawiridda ah, uu ku casuumay in uu studio Opekushin sida modelers volnoprihodyaschego.

waxbarasho dheeraad ah iyo shaqo for sculptor dhallinyarada ahaa wax aan macquul aheyn, tan iyo markii uu weli ahaa Serf ah waraaqaha. Si loo xaliyo dhibaatada Opekushin loo baahan yahay lacagta madax furasho ah - 500 rubles. Si taas loo gaaro, ayuu si adag u shaqeeyey, dhamaystirka amarada dheeraad ah iyo helaya mushaar.

stress Strong dareenka, barashada maalin kasta, si joogto ah amuur hurdo iyo nafaqo daro si weyn u wiiqay jirka Opekushin, oo uu xanuunsan dhacay. Asxaabtaada kaliya daryeel ah academy iyo da'da dhallinyarada ka caawiyay in ay ka gudbaan xanuunka. Oo 1859, waxaa la saxiixay tiradda Opekushin. Hadda waxa uu xor ah ahayd oo sii wadi karo hab hal abuur leh, sida iyo halka uu doonayo.

Mater Alma New ahaa Academy Imperial ee Arts. In isku midka ah, modeller dhallinyarada sii waday in ay ka qayb-isweydaarsiga Jensen iyo horyaalka adag ku guuleystay mid ka mid ah sculptors fiican Ruush.

qoyska

In 1861, Alexander guursaday. Nasiib darro, ilo aan la siin macluumaad sax ah oo ku saabsan xaaskiisa iyo caruurta. Waxaa la og yahay oo kaliya in Opekushin lahaa qoys ballaaran, dhowr gabdhood. Caawiyey iyada sii dakhli joogto ah ka abuurka farshaxan madaxtooyada.

Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich ahaa nin diini ah iyo monarchist a burtay. Shuqulkiisa si aad ah loo qoyska Imperial. Inta lagu jiro muddada adag tahay in qoyska Ruush ahaa sculptor caanka Ruush dawarsanayay iyo macaluul. Kharashka dawladda, waxay ka kacaan St. Petersburg (markaas Petrograd) u guuray gobolka uu u dhashay Opekushin. Later Rybnitsa guriga ka helay in isticmaalka lacag la'aan ah. Alexander ahaa isagoo da 'weyn iyo hadda lama ku hawlan farsamada jecel. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Commissariat Dadka si gaar ah u raashin Academic qoyskiisa.

In 1923 Opekushin qabtay pneumonia iyo ku dhintay. Wuxuu waxaa lagu aasay tuulada Rybnitsa isku, soo socota si ay u Church of Badbaadiyeheenna ah, oo waa la baabtiisay. qarnigii Half a ka dib, qabriga sculptor ee muuqday Taalladaas suubban. Iyo sanadkii 2012, Opekushin jecel oo aan la garaneyn an lacag Taalladaas dhagax adag la oqoon loo qoondeeyey: "The sculptors weyn farcankiinna ku mahadisaan."

xirfadiisa Hore

Shaqo Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich sida artist ah oo modeler bilaabay hore. By da'da 17, wuxuu abuuray amaan run ah oo Master tayo leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tub in qaddar ee uu ku noqday 1862. Bas-gargaarka "Malaa'igta, uu ku dhawaaqay in adhijirradii Christmas" waxay ahayd nooc ka mid ah laga bilaabo dhibic for farshaxanka weyn u sculptor dhallinyarada.

Si dhakhso ah uu ku ogaaday by artist ah oo caan ah Mikhail Mikeshin oo waxay bixiyeen inay ka qayb qaataan abuurista taallo ee Novgorod "Millennium of Russia" - mashruuc baaxad weyn oo waqti. Dabcan, iskaashiga Mikeshin saameyn ba'an ku Opekushin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waqti isku mid ah u miisaamay sculptor. Style ee sculptor dhallinyarada ahaa inta badan la aasaasay oo hoos saamaynta iyo hal-abuur ee sculptor xaqiiqda og Ruush Mark Antokolsky, gaar ahaan, Sidaana ay Ivana Groznogo iyo Peter I.

shaqada

Intii lagu guda jiray xirfadiisa ciyaareed oo dhan Opekushin abuuray dhowr darsin masterpieces. Waayo, qaar ka mid ah sculptor Ruush helay abaalmarino iyo koobab. Laakiin, nasiib daro, wax badan oo ka mid ah taxadiri la jiido hoos inta lagu jiro mudada kacaan. Noocan oo kale ah, tusaale ahaan, waxa uu noqday taallo in Alexander II. Waxaa la furay 1898. taallo naxaas ah ayaa istaagay koonfureed ee derbiga Kremlin.

warkiisii baahsan keenay shaqo Opekushin muujiyey at Exhibition aduunka ee Paris. Waxaa ka mid ah saxanka eryadeen iyagoo muujinayay in goobaha taariikhiga ah, kaas oo la dhigay on model sayidkii.

Waa wax aan macquul in la diido ka qayb wayn ka dhigay in horumarka farshaxan Ruush iyo dunida Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich. farshaxan waxay lahaan fudud, low-muhiimka ah, laakiin waqti isku mid ah si qoto dheer style shaqsi ah waxqabadka. Liiska shuqullada ka mid ah taxadiri Abwaan caan AS Pushkin iyo MY Lermontov, naturalist Karl von Baer iyo Admiral Greig, isku dhaceen ka mid ah Countess Shuvalov iyo Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

Later, si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka naqdiya abuurka sculptor la arkaa yar guul iyo dhegeysiga. Tusaale ahaan, halkaas tiir xusuus ah in Emperor Alexander III lama mid aad u heer sare ah u mahadnaqayo by saffarro uu.

Taallada Peter aan

Opekushin riyaaqay la farshaxan sida sawirka of caanka ah ee ka shaqeeya tirooyin taariikheed. Gaar ahaan guulaha waxaa uu shaqo u huray in Peter I. taalada The gaysteen oo boqor kursi ee uu labis iyo kabo ku fadhiya.

Sculptor la yaab leh u suurtagashay in ay qabsadaan ay impulsiveness iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa ee qof la Petr Veliky. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida la yiri, ma aha masterpiece kaliya halyeey, abuuray by saaxir ah.

Taalladaas The in Pushkin

Mid ka mid ah shuqulladii ugu weyn ee la abuuray Opekushin - Pushkin taallo. Waayo, abuuridda of sculptor waxay bilaabeen in 1872, isagoo ku tuuray oo dhan mashaariic kale. Long saddex sannadood ah waxay qaateen si ay u horumariyaan sawir a of mashearulxaraam. Si taas loo gaaro, sayidkii lahaa in ka badan dersin Wehbe oo ka mid ah gabayaa iyo shaqo bartaan. Ka dib markii Opekushin musharaxnimada ansixiyey 1875, wuxuu bilaabay inuu sawiro fulinta. caawiyeyaasha The qaaday dhise sculptor I. Bogomolov.

Kaliya shan sanno ka dib, shuqulka oo dhan lagu la dhammeeyey. Oo June 6, 1880 on Tverskoy Boulevard ee Moscow waxaa si rasmi ah u furay taallo in Abwaan weyn Ruush AS Pushkin. taallo naxaas The Roob baxdo on haysa oo markiiba sababtay farax baahsan dhex dayidiisii.

Markaasaa maanta Abwaan Ruush in design naxaas ah ka fikirayno taagan mid ka mid ah waddooyinka waaweyn ee magaalada Muqdisho in jaakad ah xarrago leh, in ka badan taas oo dhar balaadhan ku gadaaman. In booska uu dareemay istareexsan ee maskaxda. Janjeeri yar oo madaxa iyo indhaha muujiyaan waxyi oo Pushkin oo sharaf leh weynaantiisa.

Sam Opekushin Pushkin taallo waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah shaqada ugu daran iyo hami, hirgelinta taas oo ay waqti ma aha oo kaliya iyo dadaal, laakiin sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah naftiisa, jacaylka farshaxanka gabay ayaa maal.

Taalladaas Lermontov

In 1889, wuxuu ka hadlay in uu abuuray Abwaan kale caan Ruush, iyo ka taagay tiir xusuus ah in Lermontov in Pyatigorsk. Ay ka kooban waxaa qayb ahaan qabsaday iyo ilo aan dhammaadka lahayn ee u waxyoonay iyo fikirrada Abwaan - Caucasus.

Raadinta at Lermontov ka taariikhi, kama 'naftaada qaadi fekerayo in Abwaan ka dib markii qaar ka mid ah qaybaha oo wuxuu ku fadhiistay dhagax, oo madaxiisa, maxfalka u saftay baraf-cad ee buuraha ah. Indhihiisu muujiyay fikirka qoto dheer iyo waxyoonay. Qaar ka mid ah taageerayaasha farshaxan u maleeyeen in taallo Abwaan Lermontov muujinayaa arrin murugo iyo fool xun, oo leh waxyaabo fiiqan. Waqtigaas, sida Wehbe hadalkiisuna badan oo ku saabsan debecsanaanta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa uu abuuray ee artist ee hab gaar ah iyo aragtida iyo wax laysku sharraxo ka hadhay magaalada.

Monument of Muraviev-Amur

size ugu weyn ee dhismaha pre-kacaan Russia iyo in shuqullada Opekushin (16 mitir sare) ayaa noqday taallo in ay Tiri Muraviev-Amur - taliyaha Bariga Siberia. uu dhintay 1881 Ka dib, Emperor Alexander III go'aansaday inuu memorialize qiyaas. Sidaa darteed, sanadkii 1886, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay tartan loogu talagalay sculptors. iyaga ka mid ah sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa a "Seddex dahabka" Mikeshin, Antokolsky iyo Opekushin.

Project Alexander ee la aqoonsan yahay sida ugu fiican. Bookmark taallo ee ka dhacay 1888, iyo saddex sano ka dib si rasmi ah u furay Khabarovsk oo lagu rakibay gabiga Khabarovsk ah. count Jaantuska on podium istaagay, indhihiisii waxay la faray dhinaca Shiinaha. taallo waxaa lagu qurxiyey shan dabarro xusuus leh magacyada saraakiil iyo dad rayid ah, kuwaas oo si firfircoon uga qaybqaatay goysiga ah gobolka Amur reer Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1925, ee la xidhiidha "Qadarka on taxadiri ah," taallo qaadi jiray oo la geeyaa matxafka, iyo ka dib si ay u dhinto, waayo, duugga ah.

farshaxan madaxtooyada

Meel gaarka ah ee shuqullada farshaxan madaxtooyada Opekushin qabsadeen. Waxa ay ahayd tii ahayd shayga of fiiro joogto ah uu, horumar iyo ilaha ugu weyn ee dakhliga. Waa in iyada Alexander mahad da 'yar loo aqoonsaday a modelers tayo leh.

Ka dib markii dil u yiqiin of Bas-reliefs iyo toddoba iyo tirooyinka caan ku taallo in ay Catherine II ee St. Petersburg ayaa la baray in ay soo saaraan Opekushin Royal Albaabada for iconostasis ee Cathedral ee Qiyaamada. Oo isna wuxuu ku niyad jabka la masterfully.

hab macquul ah kabixiso ah khiyaano ah sida dabeecadda qofka lagu arkay busts sawirka, taas oo la abuuray by sculptor ah. In shaqooyin kale oo copyright of farshaxan la tahay madaxtooyada xoogga saaraan muujin shacuurta ee farshaxanka ee images iyo xarrago, khadadka jilicsan.

Awards iyo koob

• Iyadoo waxbarashada Academy Imperial ee Arts Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich helay abaal marinta ugu horeysay - bilad qalin ah - waayo waxqabadka fiican ee ay Bas-gargaarka on theme kitaabiga ah.
• In 1864, ee Dakatu of Sidaana "Belisarius" iyo "Cupid iyo soo gunaanadeen" sculptor dallacsiiyey neklassnogo artist. Shan sano ka dib uu dalacsiiyay darajo si artist fasalka 2 darajo ah, iyo ka dib helay 1 shahaado.
• The guusha ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa horyaalka ee academician, oo Opekushin lagu abaalmariyey in 1872. Imperial Academy of Fine Arts waxaa ka mid ahaa in qayb ka mid ah sababta oo uu ka gaadhay akadeemiyadda iyo gobolka-format weyn shuqullada: dhaceen a of Prince Crown iyo taalada Petra Velikogo.
• Isla sanadkaas, Alexander Mikhailovich Society of Naturalists la gudoonsiiyey bilad dahab ah tiro ka mid ah shuqulladii mowduuc.
• guul Opekushin ahaayeen heer caalami ah. Mid ka mid ah guulihii ugu fiican waxay ahayd abaalmarinta ugu horeysay, helay waxa by in Estonia, Tartu (markaas Dorpat) la abuuro of taallo in ay Karl Baer. Opekushin par leh tartankan waxaa ka qayb galay sculptors ka Europe iyo America.

xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

• In 1978, ee xasuusta of sculptor ah (uu guuradii 140th) la sii daayay sawiro ah (farshaxanka) baqshada oo uu sawirka on obverse ah.
• In 1986, astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh helay asteriyoodh, kaas oo la magacaabay ka dib markii sculptor Ruushka.
• Tan iyo 1993, tirooyinka dhaqan fiican sanad walba soo bandhigay abaalmarinta Yaroslavl magacaabay Opekushin.
• In 2013 wuxuu daabacay buug Olgi Davydovoy ah oo ku saabsan nolosha iyo shaqada sculptor ah. By habka, qoraaga si joogta daabacay maqaalo ku saabsan Opekushin. Buugani wuxuu sidoo kale ku jira sharaxaad ka mid ah muddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee nolosha oo ka shaqeeya ka mid ah sayidkooda weyn. In la abuuro way qabsadeen ku dhawaad 30 sano. Iyo sababta loo daabaco adeegi jiray kaliya labo taariikhaha: sanad guuradii 175 ee dhalashada Opekushin (sida ay ilo, ku dhashay 1833) iyo guuradii 90aad uu dhintay.

PS

Tusaale ahaan dunida Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich tusay, oo uu Biography iyo guulaha farshaxanka - run ahaantii waa feat ah Serf ah. Wuxuu ka mid ahaa marka hore si ay u tagaan dhanka ah nidaamka bulshada ahaa, iyo caddeeyeen in kasta oo xaalad bulsho ama wax kasta oo xayiraad kale ha looga hortago in qof ka samaynaya waxyaabo aad u jecel iyo in la abuuro wax qurux badan, weligiis tago xasuusta keligeed ah meerahaas. Oo ha sculptor a Ruush kadib markii ammaan iyo koobab illoobi dhowr sano badan, dhaleecayn rumaysan raad ah waxaa ka mid ah in farshaxanka taariikhi iyo sculptural gaar ah oo qoto dheer oo aan lahayn xad xasuusta.