Noocyada hantida USSR oo duurka ku ah beeraha, ama maxay kala beeraha ka soo beerta

Nidaamka hantiwadaagga burburay. Maanta, dhammaan dhinacyada ka mid ah hantida gaarka loo leeyahay. nidaamka wadajirka iyo gobolka ee wax soo saarka beeraha ayaa u dhaadhacay taariikhda. Waxa uu ahaa in ka badan 15 sano tan iyo wakhtigaas. dadka Modern kuwaas oo aan ku noolaa ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, ma ay garan farqiga u dhexeeya beer ka beerta wadajir ah, waa maxay farqiga u. Waxaan isku dayi doonaa in aan ka jawaabo su'aashan.

beeraha waxa uu ahaa ka beerta kala duwan? Faraqa kaliya ee waa in horyaalka?

Sida for kala duwan ee, ka sharciga ah ee view farqiga waa weyn. Haddii aan ka hadlo a eraybixinta sharci casriga ah - waa noocyada ahaanba ka duwan tahay urur iyo sharci. Qiyaastii sidaas, waxa hadda waa faraqa u dhexeeya foomamka sharciga ah ee shirkada (shirkad liability kooban) iyo MUP (Municipal Mideysan Enterprise).

State Farm (dhaqaalaha Soviet) - waa aasaaska ah dadweynaha, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ay tahay wax soo saarka lahaa isaga. Guddoomiyaha guddiga fulinta ee degaanka magacaabay. Dhammaan shaqaalaha yihiin shaqaale dawladeed, helaan mushaar ah oo qandaraas ah oo loo arkaa shaqaalaha dawladda.

Kolkhoz (beer wadajir ah) - waa ganacsi khaas ah, inkasta oo ay u muuqan kartaa wada socda dalka meeshaas oo aan lahayn hanti gaar ah. Wuxuu waxaa la aasaasay qoyska si wadajir ah beeralayda badan oo maxali ah. beeralayda Future ma doonayaan in ay, dabcan, in la siiyo ilaa ay hantida loo isticmaalo dadweynaha. About urur iskaa wax u qabso ma socon karin, iyo hadalka, marka laga reebo kuwa beeralayda kuwaas oo aan wax. Waxay, on lid ku ah, waa ku faraxsanahay si ay u tagaan beeraha wadareed, tan iyo markii ay ahayd sida kaliya ee iyaga u soo mar. agaasimaha beeraha wadareed magac u magacaabay kulanka guud, dhab ahaantii, sida guddiga fulinta ee beer, degmada.

in kala duwan oo dhab ah ahaayeen?

Haddii aad weydiiso nool shaqaale waqti ka duwan beerta beerta, jawaabtu waa cad yahay: Waxba. Jaleecada hore waxa ay adag tahay in la diidan tahay. Oo beeraha wadareed iyo beeraha dawladda inay ka iibiyaan badeecada ay beeraha oo keliya in mid ka mid ah iibsadaha - gobolka. Ama halkii, si rasmi ah beer kaliya wuxuu isagii siiyey kulli ee badeecada, iyo beerta wadajir bay kaga iibsadeen.

suurto gal ahayd in ay ka iibiyaan badeecada gobolka? Waxaa caddaatay in jirin. State loo qoondeeyo ah tiro ka mid ah wax soo iibsiga khasab ah iyo qiimaha badeecadda. Ka dib markii sale ah, kuwaas oo mararka qaarkood inuu isbedel sameeyo ka free jeestay, beeraha wadareed waxaa looga tegey ku dhowaad waxba.

State Farm - shirkadaha miisaaniyadda

Jilo xaalad. Bal qiyaas maanta in gobolka dib-u-abuuri foomamka dhaqaale iyo sharci labadaba. State Farm - ganacsiga gobolka, dhammaan shaqaalaha - shaqaalaha dawladda la mushaharka rasmiga ah. beerta wadareed - urur gaar ah oo dhowr ah soo saarayaasha. Maxaa kala beeraha ka soo beerta? hantida Legal. Laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah Gudigga:

1. State si loo ogaado sida badan ka iibsan doonaan alaabta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa reebban in ay iska iibiso si ay qof kale.
2. Qiimaha waxaa sidoo kale ka go'an gobolka, taas oo ah, waxaa ka iibsan kartaa alaabta ee hoos ku kharash in khasaare u beeraha wadareed.
3. Dawladda waxaa waajib kuma aha in uu bixiyo mushaharka iyo beeralayda wadajir daryeeli ku saabsan fayo-qabka, sida ay yihiin milkiilayaasha.

Waxaan weydiisaa su'aasha ah: "? Yaa dhab fududaan doonta in la nool yihiin xaalado sida" Waxa aannu qabnaa, shaqaalaha beeraha ah. Ugu yaraan, waxay xadiday go'amada ee gobolka sida buuxda u shaqeeya isaga for. Dabcan, suuqa ka mid ah hantida iyo distoor dhaqaale beeralayda dhab noqoto beeralayda casriga ah - kuwa "kulaks", kaas oo hal mar reebay, la xirrira burbur dhaqaale shirkadaha cusub ee hantiwadaagga ay. Sayidka, su'aasha "waxa kala beeraha ka soo beerta" (ama halkii, kala duwan hore) jawaabta waa in lahaanshaha rasmiga ah iyo formation of ilo. Faahfaahin dheeraad ah oo arrintan ku saabsan sheegi doonaa.

Sida sameeyay beeraha wadareed iyo gobolka

Si fiican u fahmo farqiga u dhexeeya beerta wadajir ah ka soo beerta, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato sida ay u samaysmeen.

The beeraha marka hore la sameeyey ay sabab u tahay:

• Xaafaddaha Large mulkiilayaasha hore '. Dabcan, serfdom la tirtiray, laakiin shirkadaha baaxad weyn - dhaxalgal ah ee la soo dhaafay, mashiin soo shaqeeyay.
• Kharash ku kulaks hore iyo beeralay dhexe.
• Beeraha waaweyn, kuwaas oo la sameeyey ka dib markii qixin ah.

Dabcan, habka of qixin ka dhacay ka hor inta collectivization, laakiin waxaa ka dibna abuuray bulsho ugu horeysay. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid, dabcan, kacday. Waa la fahmi karo, oo meeshii uu ku yiil-shaqada adag iyo "kulaks" qiiro iyo beeralay dhexe shaqaalaha qorteen miskiinka, oo aan doonin inaan ka iyo ma yaqaanaan sida ay u shaqeeyaan. Laakiin kuwa weli ku noolaa in ay geedi socodka collectivization ah, aasaasay ee beeraha dawladda ugu horeysay.

ka, kuwaas oo marka laga reebo, waxaa jiray beeraha waaweyn waqtiga collectivization. mucjiso Qaar ka badbaaday habka of qixin, kuwa kale ayaa hore u yeeshaan ka dib markii dhacdooyinkan naxdinta in our taariikhda. collectivization ah, ie, la wareegidda hantida dhabta ah ee - oo labadooduba way ka yar nidaamka cusub ee dhacay.

The beeraha wadareed la sameeyey sabab u tahay "midoobidda" kuwa badan beeraha yaryar ee gaarka loo leeyahay ka mid ballaaran galay. Taas waxaa la magac hantida aan la baajiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadka dhabta ah noqday ku xiran gobolka hantidooda. Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey karaa in nidaamka ku dhowaad communist in serfdom soo laabtay qaab waxoogaa modified.

"Collective" maanta

Sidaas darteed, waxaan ku jawaabtay su'aasha ah waxa ay kala beeraha ka soo beerta. Tan iyo 1991, nooc kasta oo ka mid ah ayaa la ciribtiray. Laakiin uma maleynayo in aanay si dhab ah. beeralayda badan ayaa sidoo kale waxay bilaabeen inay u midoobaan hal dhaqaalaha ah. Oo kanu waa beer la mid ah. Kaliya, ka duwan ka horreeyay hantiwadaagga, beeraha sida loo sameeyay ku salaysan iskaa wax u qabso. Oo iyana waxay waajib kuma aha in ay gobolka oo dhan ka iibiso badeecada at qiimaha yar yahay. Laakiin maanta, on lid ku ah, waa dhibaato kale - Dowladda aysan faragelin noloshooda, oo aan wax caawimaad ah oo dhab isaga ka muddo sannado ah, shirkado badan oo aan ka bixi karin daymaha ku saabsan waajibaadka credit.

Waxaan si xaqiiqo ah u baahan tahay in la helo dhul dhexe halkaas oo gobolka ka caawin doontaa beeraleyda, laakiin ma aha si ay u dhacaan. Oo markaas dhibaatooyinka cuntada aan doono ayaan wajihi, iyo qiimaha oo ku saabsan dukaamada Sheet Product waa la aqbali karo.