Masaal - Ta'wiil Giriigga

"Waa hagaag, adiga iyo Plyushkin!" - waxaan dhihi haraysa, ayaa ururinta oo cayn kasta ah aan loo baahnayn oo kaliya aawadood oo ah kaydsiga. Or, "Taas degeen," - oo ku saabsan nin doqon iyo madax adag. Marka aynu aragno sawir ah ka dul qoolley oo kale, waxaan fahamsanahay in aan ka hadlayno ee khayroon daahirnimo iyo u sarrayn ruuxa, Yuudas - oo ku saabsan khiyaanay, qof dumar ah oo leh indho-saab iyo qolfo leh oo gacanta ugu jira - oo ku dhex-dhexaadnimada iyo caddaalad. Oo annaguna waxaannu xitaa ma u malaynaysaa ku saabsan xaqiiqada ah in hadalka iyo rafcaanka miyir qabo fikirka ah sida masaal oo kale. Tani waa marka ay wax la taaban karin oo aan la taaban karin ee la isugu gudbiyo oo ah qaab gaar ah image, farshaxanka ama suugaanta. Ka dib oo dhan, waxaan bartay Kitaabka Quduuska ah ka sheegay in Yuudas gacangeliyey Masiix iyo weligood ahaan hab khiyaano iyo khiyaanay, macluumaad ka sheekooyinka ogaaday in dawacadu - waa trick ah, bakayle a - fulaynimo ah, iyo wixii la mid ah.

In allegoria Greek (masaal) - taasi waa masaal. Waxaan ku qori kartaa, "Farmashiyaha", oo matali kara baaquli la Mas, in this iyo in kiiska kale, qof walba fahmi doonaa waxa ka dambeeya albaabka this, laakiin go'aanka rectilinear ugu horeysay, iyo labaad - masaal.

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee fikirkan la siiyey ee treatises of Cicero iyo dacayadeed-Longinus, on farshaxanka codkar ah. In qarniyadii dhexe waxaa la rumeysan yahay in masaal - waa mid ka mid ah qiyamka, oo waa in ay daruuri haysan karin wax shaqo farshaxan ama suugaanta. Sidoo kale, waxaa la moodayay in ay ku qiyamka suugaan, moral iyo waxbarasho.

Masaal suugaanta la isticmaalo oo aad u ballaaran oo muddo badan ka dib. Tusaale ahaan, Roman Gogolya "Dhimatay Naftooda" waxaa ka buuxa characters Ta'wiil: Plyushkin kaabsol Sobakevich, iyo dulalka - mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah waa la soo xareeyo Ra'iisul iin xun wax kasta ama aadanaha, tusaale ahaan, aad u adag-garaacid sifooyin qof, bakhaylnimada, caajisnimadana, kharribaadda, iyo wixii la mid ah ..

Waxaa jira noocyo oo dhan, kuwaas oo inta badan la dhisay on images tusaale ah: sheeko, sheeko cirfiid, masaal. Toos habeenkii arday kasta fasalka shanaad oo weydii: "Maxaa sheeko?" The Crow iyo Fox ah "," - "On the sasabasho iyo wax aan waxba tarayn" - Aqoonyahan otraportuet oo mar kale soo aaso buste. Laakiin subaxdii, si taxadar leh ku tirtirto indhihiisa, wuxuu kuu sheegi doonaa ah oo ku saabsan-Saltykov Shchedrin iyo "kalluunka caqliga leh", iyo rookeries Gorky pingvin doqon wax Dhaawaca idinkoo geesi, petrels, hillaac madow sida. Haddii meel u dhow tusi doonaa ilmo yar, sidoo kale waa suurto gal ah in hoos kedis ah: - "The Power, clumsiness, xog!" - "in Yeeyi Cunto A?" - "Anger, bloodthirstiness, silliness!" - "Fox?" "Bear?" - "trick The, iyo khiyaanada, iyo khiyaano!" - "Si wanaagsan baad yeeshay! Ka dhig nacnac ah! "

Sidaas daraaddeed xataa caruurta yar yar si aad u wanaagsan og, in waa masaal. Waxaa la uuraysatay ka mid ah buugaagta ugu horeysay, shows puppet, sawir jir.

nooc kasta oo tahay ayaa, marka lagu daro suugaanta, waa asalka ah ee isticmaalka nidaamkan sida masaal? Rinjiyeynta, dabcan, farshaxan, naqshadeynta, kale noocyo ka mid ah farshaxanka, labada classical oo casri ah.

Tusaale wanaagsan halkan u shaqayn kartaa sida farshaxan ah "The Maarta ah fardooley" ee St. Petersburg. On goday ee la ruxruxo baxdo Tsar Peter jeexna faraska kulul ee mas soo socda. Wave - waa element in in laga soo gudbo si loo dhiso magaalo (xeebaha kaneecada ee River Neva ah), Mas - caqabado iyo dhibaatooyin gabbasho ay u gabbadaan tallaabo kasta oo reformer ah, faraska - Russia, tabo cusub u doodaya iyo fikradaha uu taliye.

rinjiyeynta The Ta'wiil si fiican u qaban fanaaniinta badan: Raphael, Botticelli, Titian, Rubens iyo kuwo kale oo badan.